The document provides scientific classifications for various families of fungi, including:
- Amanitaceae, a family of basidiomycete fungi that includes the genus Amanita.
- Agaricaceae, a family of basidiomycetes that includes the genus Agaricus and was formerly classified into other families.
- Clavariaceae, also called coral mushrooms, which resemble coral and often have bright colors and grow in old forests.
- Entolomataceae, a family of fungi in the order Agaricales containing 12 genera and 1,071 species.
- Bolbitiaceae, a family characterized by having a hymenium on gills
This document provides the scientific classifications for various families of fungi, including Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Clavariaceae, Entolomataceae, Bolbitiaceae, Inocybaceae, Gyroporaceae, Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Tapinellacae, Serpulaceae, Geastrales, Phallales, Auriculariales, Russulales, and Dacrymycetales. It also provides the classification of the species Myxarium nucleatum and the family Pezizaceae.
Fungi (singular: fungus) are a kingdom of usually multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs (cannot make their own food) and have important roles in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they also have symbiotic associations with plants and bacteria.
R.P Maurya ppt on CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGUSR.P MAURYA
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Fungi are classified into several kingdoms and phyla based on their structures and methods of reproduction. The modern classification system recognizes 7 kingdoms including Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Eumycota, Stramenopila and Protoctista. Eumycota contains 5 phyla: Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota. Zygomycota contains the bread molds, Oomycota contains water molds and potato blight, Ascomycota contains yeasts and morels, and Basidiomycota contains mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket
The document summarizes classifications of fungi imperfecti (asexual fungi) and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi. It describes three classes of fungi imperfecti - Hyphomycetes, Coelomycetes, and Agonomycetes - based on their structures and reproductive characteristics. It then outlines several classification systems for fungi proposed by different scientists from 1950-1962 and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi from the divisions Chytridiomycota to Deuteromycota.
This document provides information about the ascomycete fungus Taphrina deformans. It begins by describing the characteristics of ascomycetes in general and notes that Taphrina deformans is a member of the order Taphrinales. The document then discusses how T. deformans infects host plants, producing enzymes that degrade the cell wall and changing the plasma membrane. It also causes the production of the plant hormone auxin. The different names this fungus has been classified under are provided. The document concludes by summarizing its disease cycle in peach trees and plum trees and some of the hormones and cytokinins it produces in culture.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
The kingdom Animalia is large and compose of a wide variety animals, which vary greatly in structure,morphology and their body function.
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THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS
Animals are multicellular and each cell is bound by a plasma membrane.
Animals bodies are differentiated into tissues
Animals are heterotrophic.
Animals are capable of locomotion.
Animals have a nervous system
Sandflies are small, hairy insects that are vectors of diseases like leishmaniasis. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. As adults, they are nocturnal and breed in moist, organic-rich areas near dwellings. Their bite can transmit parasites and is painful. Control involves removing breeding sites, spraying insecticides, and using protective measures for people.
This document provides an introduction to fungi, including:
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that reproduce through spores and have filamentous hyphae or unicellular yeast cells. Mycology is the study of fungi.
- Fungi absorb nutrients from dead or living organic matter and have cell walls containing chitin. They can grow in a variety of temperatures and environments.
- Hyphae make up the vegetative structure of fungi and form a mycelium. Hyphae can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi exhibit different growth forms including yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi.
The document discusses the club fungi (Basidiomycota), a taxonomic division of fungi that reproduce sexually through specialized club-shaped cells called basidia. Basidia normally bear four external meiospores and are found on the gills under the cap of mushrooms. One example is the fairy ring fungus, whose underground mycelium depletes soil nitrogen as it grows outward in a circle, forming a fairy ring where fruiting bodies appear. Basidiomycota are important as they include edible mushrooms and produce spores via basidia after the fusion and meiosis of genetic material from two mating strains.
The document outlines the taxonomy of different mammal orders and families, organized into subclasses. It discusses egg-laying monotremes like echidnas and platypuses, as well as various orders of marsupials including opossums, kangaroos, wallabies. It also mentions armadillos and various anteaters and sloths. The taxonomy shows the relationships between the different mammal groups and families within the subclasses of Prototheria, Metatheria, and Eutheria.
This document describes the tapeworm Amoebotaenia cuneata, which infects domestic fowl and other gallinaceous birds. A. cuneata is a small tapeworm up to 4 mm long found in the small intestine of its definitive hosts. Earthworms serve as the intermediate host after ingesting gravid proglottids from infected bird feces. The life cycle is completed when a bird eats an earthworm containing the cysticercoid stage. Light infections may decrease bird production, while heavy infections over 200 parasites can cause enteritis. Diagnosis involves finding proglottids in fresh bird feces, and treatment includes drugs like praziquantel and fenbendazole
This document summarizes some key features of the order Hymenoptera and describes several families within it. It notes that Hymenoptera have membranous wings, with the hind wings smaller than the forewings. It also describes the ovipositor and larvae of different hymenopteran groups. The document then focuses on the families Tenthredinidae (sawflies), Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, and Chalcididae. It provides brief summaries of the distinguishing characteristics and lifestyles of each family.
Insects of forensic importance & Aquatic entomologyRavi Tanwar
油
This document discusses decomposition and insects of forensic importance. It describes the 5 stages of decomposition that occur with cadavers in aquatic environments: 1) submerged fresh, 2) early floating, 3) floating decay, 4) advanced floating decay, and 5) sunken remains. It also outlines some of the major groups of insects associated with cadavers in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, such as flies, beetles, and how they can help estimate the postmortem submersion interval.
Identification of parasitoids ppt- ENTOMOLOGYNisha Nepoleon
油
The document discusses important groups of parasitoid insects and their identification characters. It outlines several superfamilies of parasitoids including Ichneumonoidea, Chrysidoidea, Evanoidea, and Chalcidoidea. Within these groups are families such as Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Dryinidae, Evanidae, Chalcididae, Encyrtidae, Mymaridae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, and Trichogrammatidae. Each family is described in terms of their morphological identification characters. The document also discusses hosts of some important parasitoid insects and notes polyembryonic parasitoids and exclusively egg parasitoids.
This power point presentation discusses several invasive species including the snakehead fish, European rabbit, cane toad, black rat, and whitefly. It provides details on the scientific name and background of each species. The snakehead fish is a predatory freshwater fish native to Africa and Asia that has been introduced elsewhere. The European rabbit is well-known for digging burrow networks and has been introduced around the world, causing environmental problems. The cane toad is a large poisonous toad native to Central and South America that has become a pest in other regions where it has been introduced. The black rat is a common rodent that has spread worldwide. The whitefly transmits many plant diseases and is a serious
Fungi have hyphae that form networks called mycelium. Hyphae absorb nutrients and transport them through the mycelium. Fungi reproduce both sexually through structures like basidia and ascocarps that produce spores, and asexually through fragmentation of hyphae or spores. They are classified into divisions like Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota based on their sexual reproduction structures and life cycles. Many fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, parasites, or symbionts in mycorrhizal relationships with plants.
This biology project document contains over 80 classifications of various fungi, plants, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals observed by Gina Peter. The organisms are grouped by their scientific kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Many of the observations are further identified down to the species level while some remain unidentified.
This document discusses several types of fungi including Amanita muscaria mushrooms, Geastrum species puffballs, bracket fungi, and Tremella species. It references the phylum Basidiomycota and lists various fungi within this phylum.
BTR (Botani Tumbuhan Rendah) bryophyta hepaticaeDzul Mumtazah
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Dokumen tersebut merangkum tentang kelas Hepaticae (lumut hati) yang terdiri atas 4 bangsa yaitu Sphaerocarpales, Marchantiales, Jungermaniales, dan Calobryales. Kelas ini memiliki ciri berupa gametofit berwarna hijau dan pipih serta sporofit yang tidak memiliki sel kloroplas.
The document provides an introduction to the Basidiomycota, including:
- Basidiomycota produce sexual spores (basidiospores) on basidia and often form distinctive fruiting bodies (basidiocarps).
- Some Basidiomycota like Armillaria ostoyae can form extensive underground networks of mycelium over large areas through dikaryotic growth.
- Common mushrooms often emerge in circles known as fairy rings from the expanding mycelial networks.
- The document then covers the classification, life cycles, and importance of key groups like rusts and smuts, which include major plant pathogens.
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that secrete enzymes to digest food outside their bodies, with most being multicellular and made of branching filaments called mycelium. They reproduce both asexually through spores and sexually depending on the species. There are five major taxonomic groups of fungi - Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota - classified based on their sexual reproductive structures and life cycles. Fungi play important ecological roles through symbiotic relationships with plants and other organisms.
Fungi terdiri dari kapang, khamir dan jamur. Ilmu yang mempelajari fungi disebut mikologi. Fungi memiliki inti sel, memproduksi spora, tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis, dan berkembang biak secara aseksual dan seksual.
Lembar soal ini berisi 10 pertanyaan tentang karakteristik jamur dan fungi. Pertanyaan meliputi organisme yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit kulit, bagian jamur yang dapat dimakan, sifat eukariotik jamur, habitat jamur hutan lebat, pembiakan jamur tempe, jamur pada kacang yang busuk, sifat heterotrof jamur, penyakit kulit dari kelompok jamur tertentu, perbedaan spora jamur dan bakteri, persamaan jamur
The document discusses the phylum Basidiomycotina and provides details about three major classes: Uredinomycetes, Ustomycetes, and Basidiomycetes. It focuses on characteristics of rust fungi (order Uredinales) and smut fungi (order Ustilaginales), including that rusts require two hosts to complete their lifecycle and are obligate parasites, while smuts are facultative saprophytes. Specific examples of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis and the smut genus Ustilago are also outlined.
Botani Tumbuhan Rendah ( FUNGI_JAMUR) STIKIP BanjarmasinIkhsan Saputra
油
Botani Tumbuhan Rendah ( FUNGI_JAMUR) STIKIP Banjarmasin
adalah salah satu mata kuliah yang saya tempuh jadi materi ini saya buat bersama teman saya untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah tersebut " saya share materi saya ini mudahan bisa bermanfaat bagi semua orang yang butuh akan pengetahuan ini. terimakasih Created By Ikhsan Saputra
The document provides information about the characteristics of fungi. It discusses that fungi can have unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular body forms. It also describes that fungi are heterotrophic and can be saprophytes, symbionts, or parasites. Key characteristics of fungi include their hyphal growth, reproduction through spores, and roles in decomposition, symbiosis, and as pathogens. The major phyla of fungi are also introduced based on characteristics of their sexual structures and spore motility.
This document provides an introduction to fungi, including:
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that reproduce through spores and have filamentous hyphae or unicellular yeast cells. Mycology is the study of fungi.
- Fungi absorb nutrients from dead or living organic matter and have cell walls containing chitin. They can grow in a variety of temperatures and environments.
- Hyphae make up the vegetative structure of fungi and form a mycelium. Hyphae can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi exhibit different growth forms including yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi.
The document discusses the club fungi (Basidiomycota), a taxonomic division of fungi that reproduce sexually through specialized club-shaped cells called basidia. Basidia normally bear four external meiospores and are found on the gills under the cap of mushrooms. One example is the fairy ring fungus, whose underground mycelium depletes soil nitrogen as it grows outward in a circle, forming a fairy ring where fruiting bodies appear. Basidiomycota are important as they include edible mushrooms and produce spores via basidia after the fusion and meiosis of genetic material from two mating strains.
The document outlines the taxonomy of different mammal orders and families, organized into subclasses. It discusses egg-laying monotremes like echidnas and platypuses, as well as various orders of marsupials including opossums, kangaroos, wallabies. It also mentions armadillos and various anteaters and sloths. The taxonomy shows the relationships between the different mammal groups and families within the subclasses of Prototheria, Metatheria, and Eutheria.
This document describes the tapeworm Amoebotaenia cuneata, which infects domestic fowl and other gallinaceous birds. A. cuneata is a small tapeworm up to 4 mm long found in the small intestine of its definitive hosts. Earthworms serve as the intermediate host after ingesting gravid proglottids from infected bird feces. The life cycle is completed when a bird eats an earthworm containing the cysticercoid stage. Light infections may decrease bird production, while heavy infections over 200 parasites can cause enteritis. Diagnosis involves finding proglottids in fresh bird feces, and treatment includes drugs like praziquantel and fenbendazole
This document summarizes some key features of the order Hymenoptera and describes several families within it. It notes that Hymenoptera have membranous wings, with the hind wings smaller than the forewings. It also describes the ovipositor and larvae of different hymenopteran groups. The document then focuses on the families Tenthredinidae (sawflies), Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, and Chalcididae. It provides brief summaries of the distinguishing characteristics and lifestyles of each family.
Insects of forensic importance & Aquatic entomologyRavi Tanwar
油
This document discusses decomposition and insects of forensic importance. It describes the 5 stages of decomposition that occur with cadavers in aquatic environments: 1) submerged fresh, 2) early floating, 3) floating decay, 4) advanced floating decay, and 5) sunken remains. It also outlines some of the major groups of insects associated with cadavers in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, such as flies, beetles, and how they can help estimate the postmortem submersion interval.
Identification of parasitoids ppt- ENTOMOLOGYNisha Nepoleon
油
The document discusses important groups of parasitoid insects and their identification characters. It outlines several superfamilies of parasitoids including Ichneumonoidea, Chrysidoidea, Evanoidea, and Chalcidoidea. Within these groups are families such as Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Dryinidae, Evanidae, Chalcididae, Encyrtidae, Mymaridae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, and Trichogrammatidae. Each family is described in terms of their morphological identification characters. The document also discusses hosts of some important parasitoid insects and notes polyembryonic parasitoids and exclusively egg parasitoids.
This power point presentation discusses several invasive species including the snakehead fish, European rabbit, cane toad, black rat, and whitefly. It provides details on the scientific name and background of each species. The snakehead fish is a predatory freshwater fish native to Africa and Asia that has been introduced elsewhere. The European rabbit is well-known for digging burrow networks and has been introduced around the world, causing environmental problems. The cane toad is a large poisonous toad native to Central and South America that has become a pest in other regions where it has been introduced. The black rat is a common rodent that has spread worldwide. The whitefly transmits many plant diseases and is a serious
Fungi have hyphae that form networks called mycelium. Hyphae absorb nutrients and transport them through the mycelium. Fungi reproduce both sexually through structures like basidia and ascocarps that produce spores, and asexually through fragmentation of hyphae or spores. They are classified into divisions like Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota based on their sexual reproduction structures and life cycles. Many fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, parasites, or symbionts in mycorrhizal relationships with plants.
This biology project document contains over 80 classifications of various fungi, plants, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals observed by Gina Peter. The organisms are grouped by their scientific kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Many of the observations are further identified down to the species level while some remain unidentified.
This document discusses several types of fungi including Amanita muscaria mushrooms, Geastrum species puffballs, bracket fungi, and Tremella species. It references the phylum Basidiomycota and lists various fungi within this phylum.
BTR (Botani Tumbuhan Rendah) bryophyta hepaticaeDzul Mumtazah
油
Dokumen tersebut merangkum tentang kelas Hepaticae (lumut hati) yang terdiri atas 4 bangsa yaitu Sphaerocarpales, Marchantiales, Jungermaniales, dan Calobryales. Kelas ini memiliki ciri berupa gametofit berwarna hijau dan pipih serta sporofit yang tidak memiliki sel kloroplas.
The document provides an introduction to the Basidiomycota, including:
- Basidiomycota produce sexual spores (basidiospores) on basidia and often form distinctive fruiting bodies (basidiocarps).
- Some Basidiomycota like Armillaria ostoyae can form extensive underground networks of mycelium over large areas through dikaryotic growth.
- Common mushrooms often emerge in circles known as fairy rings from the expanding mycelial networks.
- The document then covers the classification, life cycles, and importance of key groups like rusts and smuts, which include major plant pathogens.
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that secrete enzymes to digest food outside their bodies, with most being multicellular and made of branching filaments called mycelium. They reproduce both asexually through spores and sexually depending on the species. There are five major taxonomic groups of fungi - Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota - classified based on their sexual reproductive structures and life cycles. Fungi play important ecological roles through symbiotic relationships with plants and other organisms.
Fungi terdiri dari kapang, khamir dan jamur. Ilmu yang mempelajari fungi disebut mikologi. Fungi memiliki inti sel, memproduksi spora, tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis, dan berkembang biak secara aseksual dan seksual.
Lembar soal ini berisi 10 pertanyaan tentang karakteristik jamur dan fungi. Pertanyaan meliputi organisme yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit kulit, bagian jamur yang dapat dimakan, sifat eukariotik jamur, habitat jamur hutan lebat, pembiakan jamur tempe, jamur pada kacang yang busuk, sifat heterotrof jamur, penyakit kulit dari kelompok jamur tertentu, perbedaan spora jamur dan bakteri, persamaan jamur
The document discusses the phylum Basidiomycotina and provides details about three major classes: Uredinomycetes, Ustomycetes, and Basidiomycetes. It focuses on characteristics of rust fungi (order Uredinales) and smut fungi (order Ustilaginales), including that rusts require two hosts to complete their lifecycle and are obligate parasites, while smuts are facultative saprophytes. Specific examples of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis and the smut genus Ustilago are also outlined.
Botani Tumbuhan Rendah ( FUNGI_JAMUR) STIKIP BanjarmasinIkhsan Saputra
油
Botani Tumbuhan Rendah ( FUNGI_JAMUR) STIKIP Banjarmasin
adalah salah satu mata kuliah yang saya tempuh jadi materi ini saya buat bersama teman saya untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah tersebut " saya share materi saya ini mudahan bisa bermanfaat bagi semua orang yang butuh akan pengetahuan ini. terimakasih Created By Ikhsan Saputra
The document provides information about the characteristics of fungi. It discusses that fungi can have unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular body forms. It also describes that fungi are heterotrophic and can be saprophytes, symbionts, or parasites. Key characteristics of fungi include their hyphal growth, reproduction through spores, and roles in decomposition, symbiosis, and as pathogens. The major phyla of fungi are also introduced based on characteristics of their sexual structures and spore motility.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are classified into groups such as zygomycetes, ascomycota, and basidiomycota based on their structure and reproduction. They play important ecological roles as decomposers that recycle nutrients, form symbiotic relationships with plants and lichen, and are found in a variety of habitats. Fungi are also economically significant as sources of food, causes of crop damage and disease, and in industries like baking, brewing, and medicine production.
The document summarizes key characteristics of fungi. Fungi can be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular. They are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or living matter. Their cell walls contain chitin and they reproduce both sexually and asexually via spores. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, symbionts that form relationships with plants and algae, and occasionally as parasites that can cause disease. The four main fungal phyla are Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.
Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls composed of chitin. They digest food outside their bodies by absorbing nutrients from decaying matter as decomposers or from hosts as parasites. Fungi are multicellular with thin filaments called hyphae that form a tangled mycelium. They reproduce both sexually, requiring two mating types, and asexually via spores. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, parasites, and in symbiotic relationships with plants and algae.
Fungi can be unicellular yeasts or filamentous hyphae. Most fungi occur as hyphae that can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi are heterotrophs that can be saprophytes, symbionts, or parasites. They reproduce asexually via spores or sexually. Their vegetative phase is generally sedentary. Major fungal phyla include Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota.
The document discusses the structure, types, and reproduction of fungi. It outlines that students will observe fungi samples under microscopes, present on topics related to fungi, and complete a post-test and reflection. It also provides information on the different structures of fungi like spores, hyphae, and mushrooms. Various types of fungi are named and fungi are compared to plants in how they obtain nutrients and reproduce.
As part of our project on educational technology 3/ field study 3
I am asking for your help with regards to the ppt that i made kindly leave a comment on my presentation thanks alot
This document discusses the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. It provides examples of organisms from each domain, describing their taxonomic classification from kingdom down to species level. Key details include that Archaea are prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, and eukaryotes are the only domain containing multicellular organisms like animals and plants. Examples of organisms presented include methanogens from Archaea, streptomyces bacteria, the protist Giardia, fungi, animals from sponges to mammals, and plants like algae.
Bentham and Hookers Classification SystemSUNITABHOSLE2
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- The document describes the classification system of flowering plants proposed by George Bentham and Joseph Hooker in their work Genera Plantarum.
- It groups flowering plants into 202 orders (now recognized as families) based on morphological, physiological and reproductive characteristics in a natural system.
- The system was considered very accurate, easy to follow, and an improvement over previous artificial classification systems. However, it does not provide evolutionary histories.
Classification denotes the arrangement of a single plant or group of plants an distinct category following a system of nomenclature, and in accordance with a particular and well established plan.
This document defines the classification terminology used for plants, algae, fungi, and animals. It provides examples of classification terms used to identify different organisms, including the fungus Amanita muscaria, the plant Quercus alba, the whale Balaenoptera musculus, the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, the poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans, and the bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus.
This biology project document contains over 80 classifications of various fungi, plants, insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals observed by Gina Peter. The organisms are grouped by their scientific kingdoms, phylums, classes, orders, families, and genera/species. Many of the observations are further identified down to the species level while some remain unidentified.
This presentation has been intended to offer a bird's eye view about the phylogenetic classification of the plant kingdom in general and the Engler and Prantl system in particular with merits and demerits.
Physical Science Documentation Report by Emilyn RagasaEmilyn Ragasa
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This document contains observations from field trips to different areas recording the animals, plants, and trees seen each day along with their taxonomic classifications. It is divided into sections for the Bottom of the Hill, Hill Top, Field, and Miniforests areas. For each area and day, it lists the observed species and provides their taxonomic information, such as scientific name and classification within the animal or plant kingdom. The purpose seems to be to document biodiversity and teach taxonomic organization.
The document provides descriptions of various organisms including:
- Fire ants, which are tropical insects that occur in Central and South America and some temperate regions like North America.
- Millipedes, which are occasional pests that enter buildings when hot and dry but do not bite or transmit diseases.
- White grubs, which are scarab beetle larvae that damage crops by feeding on root systems and can lead to poor plant growth or death.
- Additional organisms described include spiders, flies, bed bugs, earthworms, crickets, bean weevils, termites, the swamp white oak tree, sword ferns, the Desmodium adscendens plant, and the Melast
Arrangement of plants in an orderly sequence based upon their similarities and relationship in hierarchy such as species, genus, family, order, class and division in conformity with the nomenclatural system
The closely related plants are kept within a group and unrelated plants are kept far apart in separate groups.
This document provides information on the origin of life and biological classification. It discusses early theories on abiogenesis and spontaneous generation, as well as experiments by Redi, Spallanzani, and Pasteur that supported biogenesis. Lamarck and Darwin's theories of evolution and natural selection are overviewed. The five kingdom classification system including Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia is explained. Various phyla under each kingdom are listed along with examples. Scientific naming conventions and rules are also covered.
This document summarizes key features of fungi and fungal-like organisms. It describes that they are heterotrophic and use hyphae to colonize substrates and obtain nutrients. Hyphae of plant pathogens colonize plants through direct penetration, while saprophytes penetrate diseased or dead plant tissue. True fungi have cell walls composed of glucans and chitin, while fungal-like organisms have cell walls of cellulose and glycans. The document also provides a classification system for plant pathogenic fungi and fungi in general based on their phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics.
Fungi and fungal-like organisms are heterotrophic, requiring external nutrients. They grow through hyphae that colonize substrates to obtain nutrients. Hyphal cell walls contain glucans and chitin in true fungi or cellulose and glycans in fungal-like organisms. Modern fungal classification is based on phylogenetic analysis and generally follows Agrios (2005), grouping organisms by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Key groups include Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Many genera contain important plant pathogens.
Taxonomy, classification and life cycle of cultivated Mushroomigkv raipur
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Mushroom are generally appears in rainy season during (June- september)
In nature growth of mushroom is of two types
Epigenous ( epi = upon and genous = on earth)
Hypogenous (hypo = under and genous = earth )
Bentham & hooker- natural system of classification.pptxAnkita More
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Bentham & Hooker system of classification.
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker proposed the natural system of classification for plants with seeds. This system is based on natural observations of species and considers easily observable similarities and differences in characteristics.
Tubiflorae : Salient features, floral & families diversity with phylogeny
Salient features of Tubiflorae; Floral diversity in Tubiflorae; Diversity of families in Tubiflorae; Phylogeny of Tubiflorae; Floral range of Tubiflorean families; Clade- Lamiids (Euasterids I), solanales, lamiales
Amentiferae Order or taxon ?
爐爐爛爐爐爐逗か爛爐萎 爐爛爐爛爐 爐爐鉦じ 爐項 ? Phylogeny and characteristics.
Dr. Praveen Mohil
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany, university of Rajasthan
2. AMANITACEAE
Amanitaceae is a family of
basidiomycete fungi in the order
Agaricales. The best known genus of
the family, and that gives it its name, is
Amanita, but also includes Limacella.
The taxonomic status of these genera is
discussed and some authors consider
within Agaricaceae Pluteaceae and
others.
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
3. AGARICACEAE
Is a family of Agaricaceae
basidiomycetes, including the
genus Agaricus known, as well as
other fungi were classified in
families Tulostomataceae,
Lepiotaceae and Coprinaceae.
The family contains 85 genera
and 1,340 species.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family Agaricaceae
4. CLAVARIACEAE
The Clavariaceae, also called coral
mushrooms are mushrooms that are
named because of its resemblance to
coral growth. The Clavariaceae may be
similar in appearance to slime mold.
They often have bright colors, mainly
orange, yellow or red, and usually grow
in old forests. Some of these
mushrooms are saprophagous fallen
wood, while others are commensal or
even parasitic.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Clavariaceae
5. ENTOLOMATACEAE
Entolomataceae, are a family of fungi in
the order Agaricales basidiomiseto. This
family contains 12 genera and 1,071
species
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Entolomataceae
6. BOLBITIACEAE
It is a family of fungi characterized by
having a hymenium on the gills, spores
are brown. Are very similar to Mycena
fungi. According to gender there are
some that have a gelatinous Pileus and
others are dry.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Bolbitiaceae
7. INOCYBACEAE
Inocybaceae, are a family of fungi in the
order Agaricales. This family contains 15
genera and 300 species. Members of this
family are widely distributed in tropical
and temperate.
The genus Inocybe, has traditionally
been placed within genres
Cortinariaceae family, nevertheless
J端lich in 1982 put the genre in his own
family, Inocybaceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Inocybaceae
8. GYROPORACEAE
Gyroporaceae, is a family of fungi
belonging to the order Boletales
basidiomycetes. This family is
monotypic, containing a single genus
Gyroporus, which contains 10 species.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Gyroporaceae
Genre: Gyroporus
9. BOLETACEAE
Boletaceae is a family of basidiomycete
fungi, whose main characteristic is that
they release their spores through small
pores located at the bottom of the cap of
the mushroom or fruiting body.
Lamellae have not, as in the agarics. Its
distribution is almost as wide as that of
agarics, and the group includes the
Boletus edulis, prized by mushroom
pickers.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Boletaceae
10. PAXILLACEAE
Paxillaceae are a family of fungi, the
subkingdom of the Dikarya,
Basidiomycota edge have Boletales
affinity. The family consists of 8 genera
and 24 species.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Dikarya
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
Order: Boletales
Family: Paxillaceae
11. TAPINELLACAE
The Tapinellaceae are a family of fungi
in the Boletales order.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Tapinellaceae
12. SERPULACEAE
The Serpulaceae are a family of fungi in
the Boletales order. According to the
Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition,
2008), the family contains 4 genera and
20 species
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Serpulaceae
13. GOMPHALES
The Gomphales are an order of basidiomycete
fungi. Some or all families belonging to
Gomphales have been sometimes included in
the order Phallales (and vice versa - they are
also sometimes treated as synonyms), the now-
obsolete Ramariaceae was also previously
included in Cantharellales. Recent
phylogenetic analyses include in Gomphales
the families of the original description of the
order by W. J端lich, with addition of
Clavariadelphaceae. According to one 2008
estimate, the Gomphales contain 18 genera and
336 species. Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Phallomycetidae
Order: Gomphales
14. GEASTRALES
The Geastrales are an order of gasterocarpic
basidiomycetes (fungi) that relates to
Cantharellales. The order contains the single
family Geastraceae, commonly known as
"earthstars". It includes the genera Geastrum
and Myriostoma. About sixty-four species are
classified in this family, divided among eight
genera. Older classifications place this family in
the order Lycoperdales, but more recently they
had been placed in Phallales. As of 2010, the
family is classified as the sole taxon in the
Geastrales order
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Phallomycetidae
Order: Geastrales
Family: Geastraceae
15. PHALLALES
The Phallales are an order of fungi that
is more or less synonymous with the
gomphoid-phalloid clade.[2] The order
contains two families, the Claustulaceae
and the Phallaceae, which collectively
contain 26 genera and 88 species
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Phallomycetidae
Order: Phallales
16. AURICULARIALES
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the
class Agaricomycetes. Species within the
order were formerly referred to the
"heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since
many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit
bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia.
Around 200 species are known worldwide,
placed in six or more families, though the
status of these families is currently uncertain.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
17. MYXARIUM
NUCLEATUM
Myxarium nucleatum (common names
crystal brain or granular jelly roll) is a jelly
fungus in the family Hyaloriaceae. The
sporocarps (fruit bodies) are watery white
and gelatinous with small, white, mineral
inclusions. It is a common, wood-rotting
species in Europe and North America,
typically growing on dead attached or fallen
branches of broadleaf trees.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
Family: Hyaloriaceae
Genus: Myxarium
Species: M. nucleatum
18. RUSSULALES
The Russulales are an order of the
Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric
genera Russula and Lactarius and their
polyporoid and corticioid relatives).
According to the Dictionary of the Fungi
(10th edition, 2008), the order consists of
12 families, 80 genera, and 1767 species.
Russuloid agarics represent an
independent evolutionary line of agarics,
not directly related to the Agaricales.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Dikarya
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
19. DACRYMYCETALES
The Dacrymycetes are a class consisting of
only one family of jelly fungi, which has
imperforate parenthesomes and basidia
that are usually branched.[5] There are 9
genera and 101 species in the
Dacrymycetaceae family.
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Dikarya
Division: Basidiomycota
Subdivision: Agaricomycotina
Class: Dacrymycetes
Order: Dacrymycetales
Family: Dacrymycetaceae
20. PUCCINIALES
Rusts are plant diseases caused by
pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales
(previously also known as Uredinales).
About 7800 species are known. Rusts can
affect a variety of plants; leaves, stems,
fruits and seeds. Rust is most commonly
seen as coloured powder, composed off
tiny aeciospores which land on vegetation
producing pustules, or uredia, that form on
the lower surfaces.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Pucciniomycetes
Order: Pucciniales
21. PEZIZACEAE
The Pezizaceae (commonly referred to as cup
fungi) are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota
which produce mushrooms that tends to grow in
the shape of a "cup". Spores are formed on the
inner surface of the fruit body (mushroom). The
cup shape typically serves to focus raindrops into
splashing spores out of the cup. Additionally, the
curvature enables wind currents to blow the
spores out in a different manner than in most
agarics and boletes.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Pezizomycetes
Order: Pezizales
Family: Pezizaceae