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Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (NW Spain)

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Daniel Blanco-Ward
Daniel Blanco-Ward

Blanco, D., Alvarez, C., and J. M. Queijeiro. Viticultural zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain). Comunicaci¨®n oral presentada en el 28 Congreso Internacional de Zonificaci¨®n Viticultural celebrado en Sud¨¢frica desde el 15 al 20 de Noviembre de 2004. 96-103.

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VITICULTURAL ZONING IN D.O.C. RIBEIRO (Galicia, NW Spain). D. Blanco, C. Alvarez, and J.M.G. Queijeiro Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Science Faculty of Ourense, Vigo University, As Lagoas s/n 32004 Ourense, Spain
The Study Area ? Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) The D.O.C. Ribeiro is located in the southern part of Galicia (NW Spain). It extends through the Mi?o valley towards the southwest, from the town of Ourense to the limits of the Pontevedra province. Mat¨¢rc aC bo rni Oao co A¨¦tic tl¨¢n n AouaRr io C? ieM r v? Smole Lo aiae ng u g Ctptd ooa s I PtvREOrn oeerBRu s nO I O e d e a V Rdia ig iba o av M r Mern eita e dr¨¢o
The D.O.C. Ribeiro Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Extension. There are 3000 ha in the region. Of these, 2700 are registered within the D.O.C. ? Production: annual average of 18000 t of grapes and 13,5 millions litres of wine. ? Number of cellars: 100 cellars. ? 5770 wine growers are involved.
Vine varieties Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Majority varieties are: Traditional varieties are: ? Palomino (66,3 %) ?Treixadura (9,5%) ? Garnacha (14%) ? Torrontes (7,5%) ? Loureira (< 0,5 %) ? Albari?o (< 0,5 %) ? Lado (<0,5 %) ? Cai?o (<0,5%) ? Albilla (<0,5%) * Percentages refer to the total production of grapes in the D.O.C. Ribeiro. On average, productivities of traditional varieties are much lower than those of majority varieties.
Objectives Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Objectives: 1) To identify the most favorable conditions for different varieties with regards to altitude and orientation. 2) To identify the conditions where maturity problems start to arise.
Hypothesis Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Hypothesis: 1) Potential Alcohol Content (PAC) can be used as a reference to evaluate the adaptation of different vine varieties to the environment. 2) A GIS allows us to identify the most favorable topographical conditions with regards to grape maturity for each one of the varieties considered. 3) A GIS also can be used to identify topographical conditions where maturity problems arise.
Materials Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Meteorological data from the regional agency of agriculture and the Spanish National Institute of Meteorology. ? 5500 PAC measurements corresponding to 6,9 million kilograms of grapes. ? Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from the Spanish National Geographic Institute. ? Landuse map from the Spanish Ministry of National Agriculture. ? Township map from the Society for the Regional Development of Galicia.
Methods Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Statistics (descriptive and classification) of meteorological data. ? By means of GIS Geomedia, maps of elevation and orientation where generated from the DTM. ? The vineyard areas from the landuse maps where overlain over the DTM layers so that their mean elevation, and predominant orientations could be computed. ? Relationships among PAC and mean elevation, and predominant orientations were characterized with SPSS.
Results mesoclimates I Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Some characteristics, such as altitude, mean annual temperature, mean temperature during growing period, precipitation from January to August, precipation during growing period and sum of effective temperatures during growing period are set out in the following table. Altitud (m) Arbo Arnoia Quinza Leiro Prado Barbantes Ourense Ta (?C) Te (?C) Pjo (mm) Pe (mm) IW (dd) 180 120 108 110 145 120 143 14.97 14.13 13.55 13.59 14.28 13.77 15.6 18.26 18.7 17.07 18.19 18.96 18.30 20.36 1246 1122 1130 1170 962 817 679 414 391 406 349 286 228 204 1516 1593 1478 1501 1643 1523 1901
Results mesoclimates I Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Three mesoclimates are distinguished: ¡¯Ribeiro of Avia¡¯, ¡®Ribeiro of Ourense¡¯ and ¡¯Ribeiro of Arnoia¡¯. Ribeiro of Avia Ribeiro of Ourense Ribeiro of Arnoia Dendogram 0 Quinza Leiro Cequeli?os Arnoia Prado Barbantes Ourense 5 10 15 20 25
Results Palomino Difference with average PAC 1 0,5 8 7 Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Orientation plays a limited role on 2 0 -0,5 3 6 average PACs. Only NE is clearly non 4 favourable 5 Difference with average of PAC maxima 8 7 1 0 -1 -2 1 ? Higher PACs can be obtained at SE, S 2 3 6 and SW under certain conditions 4 5 PAC with Altitude Re lationship 13 12 11 ? Its 10 maturity depend 9 8 on doesn?t altitude below 325 meters. 7 100125m 125150m Minima 150175m 200225m Av erages 275300m 325350m Maxima
Results Treixadura Difference with average PAC 8 7 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) 1 ? Orientation plays a major role on 2 3 6 average PACs. Orientations S, SE and 4 SW are clearly favourable. 5 Difference with average of PAC maxima 8 1 0 1 7 ? Under certain conditions, PACs are 2 -1 -2 very high at W and NW orientations as 3 6 4 well. 5 PAC w ith Altitude Relationship 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 ? Poor PACs start to arise above 225m. 100-125m 125-150m Minima 150-175m Averages 200-225m Maxima 275-300m
Results Torrontes Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? It Difference with average 8 PAC 7 1 0 -1 -2 1 2 which 4 5 8 7 1 0 -1 -2 1 achieving good are common in the achieves high PACs at SE and SW 3 4 orientations. 5 PAC with Altitude relationship 15 13 11 ? Matures adequately 9 below 225m. 7 100-125m area ? With adequate management practices, it 2 6 of considered. Difference with average of PAC maxima capable maturation at NW to N orientations 3 6 is 125-150m Minima 200-225m Averages 275-300m Maxima 325-350m
Conclusions Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? PACs can be used as a reference to evaluate the adaptation of different vine varieties to the environment. ? GIS allows us to relate topographic parameters to vineyard areas and their PACs. In this way, it is possible to identify conditions where maturity problems start to arise for each variety studied. ? Palomino PACs are much lower than those of traditional varieties and it is scarcely influenced by orientation or altitude below 325m. These characteristics justify the ongoing substitution of this variety with traditional ones which achieve higher PACs.

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Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (NW Spain)

  • 1. VITICULTURAL ZONING IN D.O.C. RIBEIRO (Galicia, NW Spain). D. Blanco, C. Alvarez, and J.M.G. Queijeiro Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Science Faculty of Ourense, Vigo University, As Lagoas s/n 32004 Ourense, Spain
  • 2. The Study Area ? Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) The D.O.C. Ribeiro is located in the southern part of Galicia (NW Spain). It extends through the Mi?o valley towards the southwest, from the town of Ourense to the limits of the Pontevedra province. Mat¨¢rc aC bo rni Oao co A¨¦tic tl¨¢n n AouaRr io C? ieM r v? Smole Lo aiae ng u g Ctptd ooa s I PtvREOrn oeerBRu s nO I O e d e a V Rdia ig iba o av M r Mern eita e dr¨¢o
  • 3. The D.O.C. Ribeiro Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Extension. There are 3000 ha in the region. Of these, 2700 are registered within the D.O.C. ? Production: annual average of 18000 t of grapes and 13,5 millions litres of wine. ? Number of cellars: 100 cellars. ? 5770 wine growers are involved.
  • 4. Vine varieties Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Majority varieties are: Traditional varieties are: ? Palomino (66,3 %) ?Treixadura (9,5%) ? Garnacha (14%) ? Torrontes (7,5%) ? Loureira (< 0,5 %) ? Albari?o (< 0,5 %) ? Lado (<0,5 %) ? Cai?o (<0,5%) ? Albilla (<0,5%) * Percentages refer to the total production of grapes in the D.O.C. Ribeiro. On average, productivities of traditional varieties are much lower than those of majority varieties.
  • 5. Objectives Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Objectives: 1) To identify the most favorable conditions for different varieties with regards to altitude and orientation. 2) To identify the conditions where maturity problems start to arise.
  • 6. Hypothesis Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Hypothesis: 1) Potential Alcohol Content (PAC) can be used as a reference to evaluate the adaptation of different vine varieties to the environment. 2) A GIS allows us to identify the most favorable topographical conditions with regards to grape maturity for each one of the varieties considered. 3) A GIS also can be used to identify topographical conditions where maturity problems arise.
  • 7. Materials Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Meteorological data from the regional agency of agriculture and the Spanish National Institute of Meteorology. ? 5500 PAC measurements corresponding to 6,9 million kilograms of grapes. ? Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from the Spanish National Geographic Institute. ? Landuse map from the Spanish Ministry of National Agriculture. ? Township map from the Society for the Regional Development of Galicia.
  • 8. Methods Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Statistics (descriptive and classification) of meteorological data. ? By means of GIS Geomedia, maps of elevation and orientation where generated from the DTM. ? The vineyard areas from the landuse maps where overlain over the DTM layers so that their mean elevation, and predominant orientations could be computed. ? Relationships among PAC and mean elevation, and predominant orientations were characterized with SPSS.
  • 9. Results mesoclimates I Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Some characteristics, such as altitude, mean annual temperature, mean temperature during growing period, precipitation from January to August, precipation during growing period and sum of effective temperatures during growing period are set out in the following table. Altitud (m) Arbo Arnoia Quinza Leiro Prado Barbantes Ourense Ta (?C) Te (?C) Pjo (mm) Pe (mm) IW (dd) 180 120 108 110 145 120 143 14.97 14.13 13.55 13.59 14.28 13.77 15.6 18.26 18.7 17.07 18.19 18.96 18.30 20.36 1246 1122 1130 1170 962 817 679 414 391 406 349 286 228 204 1516 1593 1478 1501 1643 1523 1901
  • 10. Results mesoclimates I Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) Three mesoclimates are distinguished: ¡¯Ribeiro of Avia¡¯, ¡®Ribeiro of Ourense¡¯ and ¡¯Ribeiro of Arnoia¡¯. Ribeiro of Avia Ribeiro of Ourense Ribeiro of Arnoia Dendogram 0 Quinza Leiro Cequeli?os Arnoia Prado Barbantes Ourense 5 10 15 20 25
  • 11. Results Palomino Difference with average PAC 1 0,5 8 7 Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? Orientation plays a limited role on 2 0 -0,5 3 6 average PACs. Only NE is clearly non 4 favourable 5 Difference with average of PAC maxima 8 7 1 0 -1 -2 1 ? Higher PACs can be obtained at SE, S 2 3 6 and SW under certain conditions 4 5 PAC with Altitude Re lationship 13 12 11 ? Its 10 maturity depend 9 8 on doesn?t altitude below 325 meters. 7 100125m 125150m Minima 150175m 200225m Av erages 275300m 325350m Maxima
  • 12. Results Treixadura Difference with average PAC 8 7 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) 1 ? Orientation plays a major role on 2 3 6 average PACs. Orientations S, SE and 4 SW are clearly favourable. 5 Difference with average of PAC maxima 8 1 0 1 7 ? Under certain conditions, PACs are 2 -1 -2 very high at W and NW orientations as 3 6 4 well. 5 PAC w ith Altitude Relationship 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 ? Poor PACs start to arise above 225m. 100-125m 125-150m Minima 150-175m Averages 200-225m Maxima 275-300m
  • 13. Results Torrontes Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? It Difference with average 8 PAC 7 1 0 -1 -2 1 2 which 4 5 8 7 1 0 -1 -2 1 achieving good are common in the achieves high PACs at SE and SW 3 4 orientations. 5 PAC with Altitude relationship 15 13 11 ? Matures adequately 9 below 225m. 7 100-125m area ? With adequate management practices, it 2 6 of considered. Difference with average of PAC maxima capable maturation at NW to N orientations 3 6 is 125-150m Minima 200-225m Averages 275-300m Maxima 325-350m
  • 14. Conclusions Viticultural Zoning in D.O.C. Ribeiro (Galicia, NW Spain) ? PACs can be used as a reference to evaluate the adaptation of different vine varieties to the environment. ? GIS allows us to relate topographic parameters to vineyard areas and their PACs. In this way, it is possible to identify conditions where maturity problems start to arise for each variety studied. ? Palomino PACs are much lower than those of traditional varieties and it is scarcely influenced by orientation or altitude below 325m. These characteristics justify the ongoing substitution of this variety with traditional ones which achieve higher PACs.