際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Alcohols, phenols and ethers

S
Shivani Jadhav

An In-Depth Concept of Alcohols, phenols, and ethers For IIT JEE (BIOLOGY) Exams. Join Studyduniya.com for More. https://bit.ly/2GFWMvK

1 of 15
Download to read offline
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ESTERIFICATION Alcohols and phenols react with carboxylic acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides to form esters.
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 DEHYDRATION Alcohols undergo dehydrationto form alkenes on treating with a protic acid e.g., concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4, or catalysts such as anhydrous zinc chloride or alumina.
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 OXIDATION Oxidation of alcohols involves the formation of a carbonoxygen double bond with cleavage of an O-H and C-H bonds.
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 OXIDATION Acidified potassium permanganate are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols directly. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a reagent for oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes in good yield. Secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones by chromic anhyride
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITH METALS
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITH PHOSPHORUS HALIDES
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITHLUCAS REAGENT Alcohols react with hydrogen halides & zinc chlorideto form alkyl halides. Alcohols are soluble in Lucas reagent (conc. HCl and ZnCl2) while their halides are immiscible and produce turbidity in solution.
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITHLUCAS REAGENT In case of tertiary alcohols, turbidity is produced immediately as they form the halides easily. Primary alcohols do not produce turbidity at room temperature.
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS From Grignard reagents
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ACIDITY OF PHENOLS The reaction of phenol with aqueous sodium hydroxide indicates that phenols are stronger acids than alcohols and water. In substituted phenols, the presence of electron withdrawing groups such as nitro group present at ortho and para positions, enhances the acidic strength of phenol.
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION (i) Nitration:
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION (ii) Halogenation:
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 KOLBES REACTION
STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REIMER-TIEMANN REACTION

More Related Content

Alcohols, phenols and ethers

  • 1. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ESTERIFICATION Alcohols and phenols react with carboxylic acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides to form esters.
  • 2. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 DEHYDRATION Alcohols undergo dehydrationto form alkenes on treating with a protic acid e.g., concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4, or catalysts such as anhydrous zinc chloride or alumina.
  • 3. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 OXIDATION Oxidation of alcohols involves the formation of a carbonoxygen double bond with cleavage of an O-H and C-H bonds.
  • 4. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 OXIDATION Acidified potassium permanganate are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols directly. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a reagent for oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes in good yield. Secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones by chromic anhyride
  • 5. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITH METALS
  • 6. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITH PHOSPHORUS HALIDES
  • 7. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITHLUCAS REAGENT Alcohols react with hydrogen halides & zinc chlorideto form alkyl halides. Alcohols are soluble in Lucas reagent (conc. HCl and ZnCl2) while their halides are immiscible and produce turbidity in solution.
  • 8. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REACTION WITHLUCAS REAGENT In case of tertiary alcohols, turbidity is produced immediately as they form the halides easily. Primary alcohols do not produce turbidity at room temperature.
  • 9. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS From Grignard reagents
  • 10. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS
  • 11. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ACIDITY OF PHENOLS The reaction of phenol with aqueous sodium hydroxide indicates that phenols are stronger acids than alcohols and water. In substituted phenols, the presence of electron withdrawing groups such as nitro group present at ortho and para positions, enhances the acidic strength of phenol.
  • 12. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION (i) Nitration:
  • 13. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION (ii) Halogenation:
  • 14. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 KOLBES REACTION
  • 15. STUDYDUNIYA The Educational Social Network C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C - A L C O H O L S , P H E N O L S & E T H E R S IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714 REIMER-TIEMANN REACTION