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Algae Presentation

J
Julie Coffey

This document discusses algae and the Cambridge Water Department's algae monitoring program. It begins with an overview of what algae are, their importance, and how they are classified. It then describes the CWD's goals of monitoring reservoirs weekly to identify and quantify algal populations and analyze historical data for trends. The document concludes with examples of algal genera found in Little Fresh Pond and Black's Nook through the monitoring program.

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Fresh Pond Reservation: Eyes on Algae Julie Coffey Watershed Management Assistant
Tonights objectives: Understand the importance of algae Learn how the Cambridge Water Department is monitoring algae Discover some common genera of algae and learn identifying features
What are algae? Algae is a BROAD term, from diatoms to kelp: Some resemble plants Others bacteria Still others protists
Algae, A Brief History: 3.5 Billion Years Ago
A group of aquatic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms ranging from unicellular to multicellular and generally possessing chlorophyll but lacking true roots, stems, or leaves. Algae, Defined:
Classification: Cell wall composition Motile or non-motile Colonial or individual Pigmentation
Plankton Plankton from the Greek word planktos Haloplankton-always present as plankton Meroplankton-have resting stages in the sediment
Habitat Freshwater ecosystems Saltwater ecosystems Soils Hot springs Moss/Lichens Turtle carapaces, fur of the 3-toed sloth
Algae Presentation
Epibionts: Gomphonema
Size as defense Resource sharing Cell differentiation: reproduction Improved mobility/reduced sinking Colonial Algae:
Importance of Algae: Oxygen Oxygen Chlorophyll
Importance of Algae: Fisheries In 2011: $200 billion generated $433 million in Massachusetts 1.7 million jobs Phytoplankton as primary producers!
Algae Presentation
Algae Presentation
Importance of Algae: Fossil Fuels Oceanic oil deposits Biofuel potential
Diatoms Golden-brown algae Cell walls made up of Silica Strong influence on function 25% Global Net Primary Productivity
Diatomite Silica deposits from diatoms used in: Filtration for beer/wine, pools Industrial absorbents Grit in toothpaste Road paint
Blue-green Algae (Cyanobacteria) Photosynthesizing bacteria Pioneered photosynthesis, sexual reproduction, urea cycles Vertical regulation: gas vacuoles and metabolism (stratification)
Why We Care About Algae: Water Quality Indication of watershed health Community baseline ( and theyre really fun to look at...)
Preventing Algal Blooms Causes: Nutrient loading (N,P) Eutrophication Temperature (growth rate) Effects: Shading/competition Oxygen depletion Presence of Cyanotoxins
CWD Algae Monitoring Program Volunteer monitoring in Blacks Nook and Little Fresh Pond since 2003 Chl-a samples from reservoirs 12/18/2004, LFP Phytoplankton Zooplankton Asterionella Copepods Pediastrum Cladocerans Dinobryon Ostracods Staurastrum
CWD Algae Program Goals Weekly reservoir monitoring Identify and quantify populations Continue reservation monitoring Analyze historical data for trends
Algae of Little Fresh Pond Pediastrum, LFP, 1/12/15 Synura, LFP, 1/12/15 Staurastrum, 12/22/2014
Staurastrum, LFP 1/12/15 Crucigenia, LFP 1/12/15 Algae of Little Fresh Pond
Blacks Nook 11/17/2014 Scenedesmus Mallomonas
Blacks Nook 11/24/2014 Ceratium: golden algae, dinoflagellate, protozoan Closterium, green algae Centronella: Diatom Dinobryon: golden- algae, diatom
Blacks Nook 12/29/2014 Fragilaria
Blacks Nook Pediastrum Species Note: Pediastrum are most often found in quiet waters
Now on to the fun part
Additional Resources Glossary of algal terms: http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu/glossary Algae pictures for ID: http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/ Detailed species descriptions: http://algaebase.org/search/genus/ Credits: Kelp-http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/events/department-news/983/paper-by-libe-washburn-selected-as-an-agu-research-spotlight/ Sloth-https://animalartsdesignstudio.wordpress.com/2013/09/19/biomimicry-and-the-sloth/ Diatomite-http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3044/fs-2006-3044.pdf, http://elkorose.schopine.com/vivian.html Black duck-http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/481/galleries/photos/RNB_American-Black-Duck-0007 Coyote-http://featheredphotography.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/coyote-8829-ron-dudley.jpg O2 production-https://scripps.ucsd.edu/biblio/algae-worlds-most-important-plants-introduction Tree of life http://www.encognitive.com/node/10795 Cycle-Microbial control of the dark end of the biological pump, Herndl, G; Reinthaler,T Herring: "Clupea harengus Gervais.flipped" by Gervais et Boulart, 1877 - flipped version of File:Clupea harengus Gervais.jpg - Les poissons Gervais, H.. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg Bloom-http://www.clf.org/blog/tag/nutrient-pollution/ Algae age-http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanofr.html Algal maps:http://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/plankton, world ocean atlas via wikipedia

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Algae Presentation

  • 1. Fresh Pond Reservation: Eyes on Algae Julie Coffey Watershed Management Assistant
  • 2. Tonights objectives: Understand the importance of algae Learn how the Cambridge Water Department is monitoring algae Discover some common genera of algae and learn identifying features
  • 3. What are algae? Algae is a BROAD term, from diatoms to kelp: Some resemble plants Others bacteria Still others protists
  • 4. Algae, A Brief History: 3.5 Billion Years Ago
  • 5. A group of aquatic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms ranging from unicellular to multicellular and generally possessing chlorophyll but lacking true roots, stems, or leaves. Algae, Defined:
  • 6. Classification: Cell wall composition Motile or non-motile Colonial or individual Pigmentation
  • 7. Plankton Plankton from the Greek word planktos Haloplankton-always present as plankton Meroplankton-have resting stages in the sediment
  • 8. Habitat Freshwater ecosystems Saltwater ecosystems Soils Hot springs Moss/Lichens Turtle carapaces, fur of the 3-toed sloth
  • 11. Size as defense Resource sharing Cell differentiation: reproduction Improved mobility/reduced sinking Colonial Algae:
  • 12. Importance of Algae: Oxygen Oxygen Chlorophyll
  • 13. Importance of Algae: Fisheries In 2011: $200 billion generated $433 million in Massachusetts 1.7 million jobs Phytoplankton as primary producers!
  • 16. Importance of Algae: Fossil Fuels Oceanic oil deposits Biofuel potential
  • 17. Diatoms Golden-brown algae Cell walls made up of Silica Strong influence on function 25% Global Net Primary Productivity
  • 18. Diatomite Silica deposits from diatoms used in: Filtration for beer/wine, pools Industrial absorbents Grit in toothpaste Road paint
  • 19. Blue-green Algae (Cyanobacteria) Photosynthesizing bacteria Pioneered photosynthesis, sexual reproduction, urea cycles Vertical regulation: gas vacuoles and metabolism (stratification)
  • 20. Why We Care About Algae: Water Quality Indication of watershed health Community baseline ( and theyre really fun to look at...)
  • 21. Preventing Algal Blooms Causes: Nutrient loading (N,P) Eutrophication Temperature (growth rate) Effects: Shading/competition Oxygen depletion Presence of Cyanotoxins
  • 22. CWD Algae Monitoring Program Volunteer monitoring in Blacks Nook and Little Fresh Pond since 2003 Chl-a samples from reservoirs 12/18/2004, LFP Phytoplankton Zooplankton Asterionella Copepods Pediastrum Cladocerans Dinobryon Ostracods Staurastrum
  • 23. CWD Algae Program Goals Weekly reservoir monitoring Identify and quantify populations Continue reservation monitoring Analyze historical data for trends
  • 24. Algae of Little Fresh Pond Pediastrum, LFP, 1/12/15 Synura, LFP, 1/12/15 Staurastrum, 12/22/2014
  • 27. Blacks Nook 11/24/2014 Ceratium: golden algae, dinoflagellate, protozoan Closterium, green algae Centronella: Diatom Dinobryon: golden- algae, diatom
  • 29. Blacks Nook Pediastrum Species Note: Pediastrum are most often found in quiet waters
  • 30. Now on to the fun part
  • 31. Additional Resources Glossary of algal terms: http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu/glossary Algae pictures for ID: http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/ Detailed species descriptions: http://algaebase.org/search/genus/ Credits: Kelp-http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/events/department-news/983/paper-by-libe-washburn-selected-as-an-agu-research-spotlight/ Sloth-https://animalartsdesignstudio.wordpress.com/2013/09/19/biomimicry-and-the-sloth/ Diatomite-http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3044/fs-2006-3044.pdf, http://elkorose.schopine.com/vivian.html Black duck-http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/481/galleries/photos/RNB_American-Black-Duck-0007 Coyote-http://featheredphotography.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/coyote-8829-ron-dudley.jpg O2 production-https://scripps.ucsd.edu/biblio/algae-worlds-most-important-plants-introduction Tree of life http://www.encognitive.com/node/10795 Cycle-Microbial control of the dark end of the biological pump, Herndl, G; Reinthaler,T Herring: "Clupea harengus Gervais.flipped" by Gervais et Boulart, 1877 - flipped version of File:Clupea harengus Gervais.jpg - Les poissons Gervais, H.. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Clupea_harengus_Gervais.flipped.jpg Bloom-http://www.clf.org/blog/tag/nutrient-pollution/ Algae age-http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanofr.html Algal maps:http://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/plankton, world ocean atlas via wikipedia