Chemistry Form 4: Chapter 9 Alloys
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Alloys are mixtures of two or more elements where the major component is a metal. They are made to increase hardness and strength, prevent corrosion, and improve appearance. Common alloys include bronze, brass, steel, stainless steel, duralumin, and pewter. The addition of other elements to a metal disturbs the orderly arrangement of its atoms, reducing their ability to slide past one another. This makes alloys stronger and harder than pure metals. Alloys find uses where these properties are beneficial, such as in construction, transportation, tools, and cookware.
Chemistry Form 4: Chapter 9 Alloys
- 1. ALLOYS Nor Adilah binti Muhd Soffian Wong Siti Sarah binti Mohd Fadlee Lee Nursyazwani Binti Roslan Suhaila binti Mohamed 4 MUTIARA
- 2. WHAT IS ALLOY ???
- 3. What is alloy ? Alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition in which the major component is a metal
- 4. THE AIM IN MAKING ALLOYS To increase the hardness and strength of metal To prevent corrosion or rusting To improve the appearance of the metal surface
- 6. Example of alloys Bronze Brass Steel Stainless steel Duralumin Pewter
- 8. ALLOY COMPOSITION PROPERTIES USES Bronze ~ 90% copper ~ 10% tin ~ Hard and strong ~ Does not corrode easily Has shiny surfaces ~ to build statues and monuments ~ in the making of swords, medals and artistic materials Brass ~ 70% copper ~ 30% zinc ~ Harder than copper ~ in the making of musical instruments and kitchenware Steel ~ 99% iron ~ 1% carbon ~ Hard and strong ~ in the construction of building and bridges ~ in the building of cars and railway tracks Stainless steel ~ 74% iron ~ 8% carbon ~ 18% chromium ~ shiny ~ strong ~ does not rust ~ to make surgical instruments Duralumin ~ 93% aluminium ~ 3% copper ~ 3% magnesium ~ 1% maganese ~ light ~ strong ~ to make the body of aeroplanes and bullet trains Pewter ~ 96% tin ~ 3% copper ~ 1% antimony ~ luster ~ shiny ~ strong ~ in the making of souvenirs
- 9. THE ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN PURE METALS
- 10. When force is applied, layers of atoms in pure metal slide. So, metals are ductile. There are empty space between the atoms. When it is knocked, the shape of the metal changes. So, metals are malleable.
- 11. ARRANGEMENT OF ATOM IN ALLOYS
- 12. The presence of atoms of other metals that are of different sizes disturb the orderly arrangement of atoms in the metal. This reduces the layer of atoms from sliding. Thus, an alloy is stronger and harder than its pure metal