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Altaf raja pdf

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Vikas Suman

This document provides an overview of biodiesel production, advancement, and future scope. It discusses the history of biodiesel from its first use in engines in 1853 to its replacement by petroleum diesel in the 1920s. The document then covers biodiesel definitions, production via transesterification, feedstock types from various generations, emissions reductions from biodiesel blends, national biofuels policy in India, and considerations for biodiesel as a future fuel alternative but not primary fuel. In summary, the document outlines the history, production process, policies and future of biodiesel as a renewable fuel.

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SEMINAR &TECHNICAL WRITING ON BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, ADVANCEMENT & FUTURE SCOPE SUBMITTED BY: MD ALTAF RAZA ROLL NO.: 18MT18 REGISTRATION NO. 18122107018 M.TECH(THERMAL ENGG.)
Transesterification of vegetable oil before first engine, in 1853 by E. Duffy and J. Patrick ,Rudolf Diesel In 1900 Worlds Exhibition in Paris , Engine ran on peanut oil, the worlds first biodiesel Used until the 1920s when petroleum diesel more common due to superior pricing. HISTORY
BIODIESEL An Overview Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from fats and oils such as soybeans and animal fats. Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with petroleum-based diesel fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no modification. Biodiesel is not raw vegetable oil! Biodiesel must be produced by a chemical process that removes glycerin from the oil. 0 50 100 B2 B5 B10 B20 B100 Biodiesel Petroleumdiesel Biodiesel blend, n. -- a blend of biodiesel fuel meeting ASTM D 6751 with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.
Emissions Reductions with Biodiesel Blends Emission Type B100 B20 B2 Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -2.2% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -1.3% Particulate Matter -47% -12% -1.3% Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) +10% + 2% +0.2% When considering the combined benefit of all these reductions, the small increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) should not overshadow the net environmental gain with biodiesel use . Biodiesel is a viable part of the overall effort to improve our air quality.
What is Biodiesel? Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer High Cetane (avg. over 50) Sulfur free , good lubricant property Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic. Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from triglyceride, when mixed with alcohol and suitable catalyst. Fatty AcidAlcoh olGlycer in Vegetable Oil Biodiesel FA FAFA FA
Types of Feedstocks First generation feedstocks Second generation feedstocks Third generation feedstocks 6
Biofuels Generations 1. First Generation Biofuel Biofuel made from sugar, starchy crops, vegetable oil or animal fat using conventional technology. These feedstocks could instead enter the animal or human food chain. They dont seem to be more environment friendly than the fossil fuels.
Second Generation Biofuels come from Woody crops and grasses species (lignocellulosic) Advantages vs 1st generation: Increase quantitative potential for biofuel generation per hectare Grow on poor, degradated soils where food crop production is not optimal (Jatropha). Less effects on commodity markets Biofuels Generations 2. Second Generation Biofuel
Disadvantages: More of these species can be invasive and have negative impacts on water resources, biodiversity and agriculture At the moment they are still more expensive than fossil fuels Still under research and development for a significant commercial scale
Keypoints of 3rd generation biofuel feedstock 30 - 100 times more energy productive and effective The Biomass leftover from oil pressing can be used for animal feeding and ethanol production Processing Biofuel from algae can capture large amount of CO2 They are relatively easy to grow, but the algal oil is hard and expensive to extract
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS[5] 11
Transesterification[5] In organic chemistry, transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R of an ester with the organic group R of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. The reaction can also be accomplished with the help of enzymes (biocatalysts) particularly lipases.
Transesterification[5] CH2OOR1 catalyst CH2OH | | CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH 3CH3OORx + CHOH | | CH2OOR3 CH2OH Triglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel Glycerin **R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)
Biofuels Policy[4] The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy has proposed a national biofuels policy with a target of 20% blending of transportation fuels with bio-diesel and bio-ethanol by 2017. While a blending target for bio- ethanol has been in effect since 2008, a fresh recommendation has been issued for bio-diesel. 14
BIODIESEL:- The Future Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel Short and long term environmental benefits will be worthwhile with 3rd generation production Lack of understanding of environmental impact - NOx emissions Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well established coal and natural gas markets
Refrences [1]https://cleantechnica.com/2015/08/26/india- proposes-national-policy-biofuels/ [2]http://mnre.gov.in/file- manager/UserFiles/biofuel_policy.pdf [3]Financial and Economic Assessment of Biodiesel Production and Use in India Herath Gunatilake No. 8 | November 2011 South Asia Working Paper Series [4]National policy of biofuels. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India (2015). [5]Recent advancement in production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources: A review by BZ DHOLAKIYA and B. DHORAJIYA

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Altaf raja pdf

  • 1. SEMINAR &TECHNICAL WRITING ON BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, ADVANCEMENT & FUTURE SCOPE SUBMITTED BY: MD ALTAF RAZA ROLL NO.: 18MT18 REGISTRATION NO. 18122107018 M.TECH(THERMAL ENGG.)
  • 2. Transesterification of vegetable oil before first engine, in 1853 by E. Duffy and J. Patrick ,Rudolf Diesel In 1900 Worlds Exhibition in Paris , Engine ran on peanut oil, the worlds first biodiesel Used until the 1920s when petroleum diesel more common due to superior pricing. HISTORY
  • 3. BIODIESEL An Overview Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from fats and oils such as soybeans and animal fats. Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with petroleum-based diesel fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no modification. Biodiesel is not raw vegetable oil! Biodiesel must be produced by a chemical process that removes glycerin from the oil. 0 50 100 B2 B5 B10 B20 B100 Biodiesel Petroleumdiesel Biodiesel blend, n. -- a blend of biodiesel fuel meeting ASTM D 6751 with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.
  • 4. Emissions Reductions with Biodiesel Blends Emission Type B100 B20 B2 Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -2.2% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -1.3% Particulate Matter -47% -12% -1.3% Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) +10% + 2% +0.2% When considering the combined benefit of all these reductions, the small increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) should not overshadow the net environmental gain with biodiesel use . Biodiesel is a viable part of the overall effort to improve our air quality.
  • 5. What is Biodiesel? Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer High Cetane (avg. over 50) Sulfur free , good lubricant property Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic. Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from triglyceride, when mixed with alcohol and suitable catalyst. Fatty AcidAlcoh olGlycer in Vegetable Oil Biodiesel FA FAFA FA
  • 6. Types of Feedstocks First generation feedstocks Second generation feedstocks Third generation feedstocks 6
  • 7. Biofuels Generations 1. First Generation Biofuel Biofuel made from sugar, starchy crops, vegetable oil or animal fat using conventional technology. These feedstocks could instead enter the animal or human food chain. They dont seem to be more environment friendly than the fossil fuels.
  • 8. Second Generation Biofuels come from Woody crops and grasses species (lignocellulosic) Advantages vs 1st generation: Increase quantitative potential for biofuel generation per hectare Grow on poor, degradated soils where food crop production is not optimal (Jatropha). Less effects on commodity markets Biofuels Generations 2. Second Generation Biofuel
  • 9. Disadvantages: More of these species can be invasive and have negative impacts on water resources, biodiversity and agriculture At the moment they are still more expensive than fossil fuels Still under research and development for a significant commercial scale
  • 10. Keypoints of 3rd generation biofuel feedstock 30 - 100 times more energy productive and effective The Biomass leftover from oil pressing can be used for animal feeding and ethanol production Processing Biofuel from algae can capture large amount of CO2 They are relatively easy to grow, but the algal oil is hard and expensive to extract
  • 12. Transesterification[5] In organic chemistry, transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R of an ester with the organic group R of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. The reaction can also be accomplished with the help of enzymes (biocatalysts) particularly lipases.
  • 13. Transesterification[5] CH2OOR1 catalyst CH2OH | | CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH 3CH3OORx + CHOH | | CH2OOR3 CH2OH Triglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel Glycerin **R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)
  • 14. Biofuels Policy[4] The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy has proposed a national biofuels policy with a target of 20% blending of transportation fuels with bio-diesel and bio-ethanol by 2017. While a blending target for bio- ethanol has been in effect since 2008, a fresh recommendation has been issued for bio-diesel. 14
  • 15. BIODIESEL:- The Future Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel Short and long term environmental benefits will be worthwhile with 3rd generation production Lack of understanding of environmental impact - NOx emissions Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well established coal and natural gas markets
  • 16. Refrences [1]https://cleantechnica.com/2015/08/26/india- proposes-national-policy-biofuels/ [2]http://mnre.gov.in/file- manager/UserFiles/biofuel_policy.pdf [3]Financial and Economic Assessment of Biodiesel Production and Use in India Herath Gunatilake No. 8 | November 2011 South Asia Working Paper Series [4]National policy of biofuels. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India (2015). [5]Recent advancement in production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources: A review by BZ DHOLAKIYA and B. DHORAJIYA