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Climate changes and its impact in the environment

Ditza Graca
Ditza Graca

The document discusses how climate change is impacting the Algarve region of Portugal. It finds that while average annual temperatures have not significantly increased from 1990 to 2009, some individual months in 2000 and 2009 were warmer than 1990. This could impact tourism patterns in the region. Higher water temperatures are also causing fish species normally found further south to appear in the Algarve. Some marine plant life is disappearing as temperatures rise. The document also notes concerns around increased risk of diseases, heat waves, wildfires, and changes to rainfall patterns with climate change.

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COMENIUS Project Living by the sea IS THE CLIMATE CHANGING IN THE ALGARVE?
30 Average Air Temperature in Faro (尊C) 25 20 1990 15 2000 2009 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec From 1990 to 2009 there were no significant changes in average air temperature in the city of Faro. In these three years the average annual temperature is 18. 尊 C. June and December 2000 and 2009 were warmer months, when compared with the year 1990. October and November 2009 were also warmer months compared to 1990 and 2000. Instead, February 2009 was quite cold compared with the other two years under study .
TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGES What are the implications that climate change will have on tourism? The climate changes can have implications on the Portuguese tourism, it might lower the number of visitants in summer, due to July and August being hot months, mainly in the Algarve, but it could create new opportunities for tourism in winter.
TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGES In the District of Faro, climate change might further decrease the number of months with any degree of "heat stress" by cold, being the largest reduction felt in January, the month with more "stress" extreme cold days. It may therefore be reinforced the growing trend of winter tourism in the Algarve, particularly among the elderly population.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE INCREASED AIR TEMPERATURE Formation of Tropospheric Ozone In Portugal the deaths related to the "heat waves "and the increase in respiratory illnesses due to increases in tropospheric ozone levels will be worse in the end of the century.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE INCREASED AIR TEMPERATURE Risk of disease The potential risks of development of infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes or rodents are also increased due to changes in ecological systems. Among these diseases, currently with a very low risk of transmission, are malaria and West Nile fever.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE RAISING TEMPERATURES ON THE OCEAN Fisherman and scientists have found in the Algarve, namely in the Formosa estuary, fish species that usually have their habitat in waters with temperatures of 20尊C, which may indicate that water temperatures in the Algarve have been increasing.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE RAISING TEMPERATURES ON THE OCEAN The raising temperature in the oceans is making the fishes look for colder and deeper waters migrating to the north, while tropical fishes are starting to come to Portugal. But these changes will probably bring better value to fishing than harm it, though it will surely make species more vulnerable. In the meanwhile if we keep eating too much fish it could endanger them to extinction like the tuna fish, the bass fish, the sardines, the mackerel, etc.
Marine Fauna The scabbard fish is generally caught in the summer due to the water temperature. With its increase, it will be possible to fish it for a longer period thus leading to a growth of The fish Veja, that is usually only this species in the Algarve, seen in the Azores, Madeira and becoming a good business the Mediterranean, is the opportunity. example of a species that usually has its habitat in waters with temperatures of 20 尊 C. With the increase in water temperature it begins to be normal the appearance of this and other species in the Algarve.
Marine Fauna The snapper, which is a tropical fish, has been seen more often in the Formosa estuary and close to River Tejo also because the temperature of water is indreasing,
Marine Flora The Marine Flora is increasingly disappearing beneath the River Tejo and more specifically in the Algarve. The seascape algae are very important to the marine ecosystems, because they contribute to raise its biodiversity. They are photosynthetic algae (they consume carbon dioxide and they produce oxygen). Most of the seascape algae can be found fixed to the rocks and they can grow associated to other plants. They often get associated together, protecting the coast, acting as wave-breakers.
Marine Flora Each time more, the luminaries are disappearing from the south of Portugal, being only found in the northern part of the River Tejo. Some students from the Algarve University indicate that some flora that normally appears in the Algarve's waters as the luminaries (brown algae), are disappearing. The luminaries are species that are localized on colder waters.
THE DECREASE OF THE RAIN DURING THE SUMMER After a study coordinated by Filipe Duarte Santos, it has been concluded that there has been a deterioration in water quality in the Algarve. This degradation is due to increased temperatures and reduced runoff in the summer months.
The consequences It doesnt rain much, so there is a decrease on the levels of the aquifers, turning them more vulnerable to agricultural pollution and the increase of the saline pollution. This happens because a coastal aquifer that has sweet water doesnt let the salt water pass, but because it doesnt rain much and the earth filters less Coastal aquifer water there is less sweet water, so the salt water starts turning sweet water into brackish water which is impropriate for consumption.
RAINFALL & FLOODING Rain in the winter In the future the rain will become irregular and violent, with some features of the tropical rainfall. The risk of floods will also increase by the end of the 21st century.
RAINFALL & FLOODING Sea It is expected that the average sea level will rise in a near future. That fact will contribute to increase the floods because the flow capacity of the mouths of the major rivers will decrease.
EBI/JI Jos辿 Carlos da Maia We hope that you have enjoyed this presentation as much as we enjoyed doing it, and that you understand what is happening in the Algarve NOW.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Temperature data provided by Instituto de Meteorologia, I.P. http://www.hibridosclube.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1 39:algarve-e-as-alteracoes-climaticas&catid=34:ambiente&Itemid=56 http://www.arhalgarve.pt/site/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=31 http://www.novaenergia.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=10267 This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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Climate changes and its impact in the environment

  • 1. COMENIUS Project Living by the sea IS THE CLIMATE CHANGING IN THE ALGARVE?
  • 2. 30 Average Air Temperature in Faro (尊C) 25 20 1990 15 2000 2009 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec From 1990 to 2009 there were no significant changes in average air temperature in the city of Faro. In these three years the average annual temperature is 18. 尊 C. June and December 2000 and 2009 were warmer months, when compared with the year 1990. October and November 2009 were also warmer months compared to 1990 and 2000. Instead, February 2009 was quite cold compared with the other two years under study .
  • 3. TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGES What are the implications that climate change will have on tourism? The climate changes can have implications on the Portuguese tourism, it might lower the number of visitants in summer, due to July and August being hot months, mainly in the Algarve, but it could create new opportunities for tourism in winter.
  • 4. TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGES In the District of Faro, climate change might further decrease the number of months with any degree of "heat stress" by cold, being the largest reduction felt in January, the month with more "stress" extreme cold days. It may therefore be reinforced the growing trend of winter tourism in the Algarve, particularly among the elderly population.
  • 5. CONSEQUENCES OF THE INCREASED AIR TEMPERATURE Formation of Tropospheric Ozone In Portugal the deaths related to the "heat waves "and the increase in respiratory illnesses due to increases in tropospheric ozone levels will be worse in the end of the century.
  • 6. CONSEQUENCES OF THE INCREASED AIR TEMPERATURE Risk of disease The potential risks of development of infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes or rodents are also increased due to changes in ecological systems. Among these diseases, currently with a very low risk of transmission, are malaria and West Nile fever.
  • 7. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE RAISING TEMPERATURES ON THE OCEAN Fisherman and scientists have found in the Algarve, namely in the Formosa estuary, fish species that usually have their habitat in waters with temperatures of 20尊C, which may indicate that water temperatures in the Algarve have been increasing.
  • 8. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE RAISING TEMPERATURES ON THE OCEAN The raising temperature in the oceans is making the fishes look for colder and deeper waters migrating to the north, while tropical fishes are starting to come to Portugal. But these changes will probably bring better value to fishing than harm it, though it will surely make species more vulnerable. In the meanwhile if we keep eating too much fish it could endanger them to extinction like the tuna fish, the bass fish, the sardines, the mackerel, etc.
  • 9. Marine Fauna The scabbard fish is generally caught in the summer due to the water temperature. With its increase, it will be possible to fish it for a longer period thus leading to a growth of The fish Veja, that is usually only this species in the Algarve, seen in the Azores, Madeira and becoming a good business the Mediterranean, is the opportunity. example of a species that usually has its habitat in waters with temperatures of 20 尊 C. With the increase in water temperature it begins to be normal the appearance of this and other species in the Algarve.
  • 10. Marine Fauna The snapper, which is a tropical fish, has been seen more often in the Formosa estuary and close to River Tejo also because the temperature of water is indreasing,
  • 11. Marine Flora The Marine Flora is increasingly disappearing beneath the River Tejo and more specifically in the Algarve. The seascape algae are very important to the marine ecosystems, because they contribute to raise its biodiversity. They are photosynthetic algae (they consume carbon dioxide and they produce oxygen). Most of the seascape algae can be found fixed to the rocks and they can grow associated to other plants. They often get associated together, protecting the coast, acting as wave-breakers.
  • 12. Marine Flora Each time more, the luminaries are disappearing from the south of Portugal, being only found in the northern part of the River Tejo. Some students from the Algarve University indicate that some flora that normally appears in the Algarve's waters as the luminaries (brown algae), are disappearing. The luminaries are species that are localized on colder waters.
  • 13. THE DECREASE OF THE RAIN DURING THE SUMMER After a study coordinated by Filipe Duarte Santos, it has been concluded that there has been a deterioration in water quality in the Algarve. This degradation is due to increased temperatures and reduced runoff in the summer months.
  • 14. The consequences It doesnt rain much, so there is a decrease on the levels of the aquifers, turning them more vulnerable to agricultural pollution and the increase of the saline pollution. This happens because a coastal aquifer that has sweet water doesnt let the salt water pass, but because it doesnt rain much and the earth filters less Coastal aquifer water there is less sweet water, so the salt water starts turning sweet water into brackish water which is impropriate for consumption.
  • 15. RAINFALL & FLOODING Rain in the winter In the future the rain will become irregular and violent, with some features of the tropical rainfall. The risk of floods will also increase by the end of the 21st century.
  • 16. RAINFALL & FLOODING Sea It is expected that the average sea level will rise in a near future. That fact will contribute to increase the floods because the flow capacity of the mouths of the major rivers will decrease.
  • 17. EBI/JI Jos辿 Carlos da Maia We hope that you have enjoyed this presentation as much as we enjoyed doing it, and that you understand what is happening in the Algarve NOW.
  • 18. BIBLIOGRAPHY Temperature data provided by Instituto de Meteorologia, I.P. http://www.hibridosclube.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1 39:algarve-e-as-alteracoes-climaticas&catid=34:ambiente&Itemid=56 http://www.arhalgarve.pt/site/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=31 http://www.novaenergia.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=10267 This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.