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science, any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails unbiased observations and systematic experimentation. In general, a science involves a pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental laws.
Science can be divided into different branches based on the subject of study. The physical sciences study the inorganic world and comprise the fields of astronomy, physics, chemistry, and the Earth sciences. The biological sciences such as biology and medicine study the organic world of life and its processes. Social sciences like anthropology and economics study the social and cultural aspects of human behaviour.
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Britannica Quiz
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This article was most recently revised and updated by Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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Introduction & Top Questions
The scope of physics
The methodology of physics
Relations between physics and other disciplines and society
References & Edit History
Related Topics
Images & Videos
Bernoulli model of gas pressureillustration of Robert Hooke's law of elasticity of materialsLaser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)curved space-timetemperature scalesBrownian particleElectromagnetic radiationDiffraction gratingMillikan oil-drop experiment
Robert Millikan's method for measuring the charge of an electron
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Quizzes
Michael Faraday (L) English physicist and chemist (electromagnetism) and John Frederic Daniell (R) British chemist and meteorologist who invented the Daniell cell.
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Italian-born physicist Dr. Enrico Fermi draws a diagram at a blackboard with mathematical equations. circa 1950.
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Why does physics work in SI units?
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Paper here:
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3701717.3730540
Since blockchains are increasingly adopted in real-world applications, it is of paramount importance to evaluate their performance across diverse scenarios. Although the network infrastructure plays a fundamental role, its impact on performance remains largely unexplored. Some studies evaluate blockchain in cloud environments, but this approach is costly and difficult to reproduce. We propose a cost-effective and reproducible environment that supports both cluster-based setups and emulation capabilities and allows the underlying network topology to be easily modified. We evaluate five industry-grade blockchains Algorand, Diem, Ethereum, Quorum, and Solana across five network topologies fat-tree, full mesh, hypercube, scale-free, and torus and different realistic workloads smart contract requests and transfer transactions. Our benchmark framework, Lilith, shows that full mesh, hypercube, and torus topologies improve blockchain performance under heavy workloads. Algorand and Diem perform consistently across the considered topologies, while Ethereum remains robust but slower.Relazione di laboratorio Idrolisi dell'amido (in inglese)
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This presentation, "Stem Cells & Immune Modulation: The Future of Regenerative Medicine?" by Dr. Ahmed Atwa, explores the groundbreaking potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine and immune regulation. It covers stem cell types (Embryonic, Adult, iPSCs), their unique properties (self-renewal, differentiation), and therapeutic applications in tissue repair, disease modeling, and immunomodulation. Special focus is given to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their role in modulating immune responses through cytokines, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and preconditioning strategies. The slides also address clinical challenges, cancer stem cell evasion, and future directions in stem cell therapy.
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