Pain in and around the anus occurs in different diseases. Most are discussed here in simple way.
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Anal pain. মলদারে ব্যাথা।
1. Anal Pain
মলদ্বারেে ব্যাথা
Dr. Tariq Akhtar Khan
FCPS (Surgery), MS (Colorectal Surgery)
Assitant Professor (Colorectal Surgery),
ShSMC, Dhaka.
Member, American Society of Colon and Rectal
Surgeons (ASCRS)
Fellow and Life member, International
Coloproctology Society (ISCP)
Life Member, Association of Colon and Rectal
Surgeons of India, (ACRSI)
11. Proctalgia fugax
• Epidemiology
• Age 30-60.
• Affecting 8-10% of the population
• Equally common in men & women
• Etiology: spasm of the anal sphincter
মলদ্বারেে নিয়ন্ত্রিকােী মাাংশরেশীে সঙ্কচরিে রল এটি হয়।
12. Proctalgia fugax
• Charecteristics of Pain ব্যাথা ধ র্
• Anal in distribution
• Cramping pain/stabbing pain in the rectum নিচে ধ া ব্যাথা
• Sudden হঠাত
• Short (Second to minutes) ক্ষণস্হায়ী
• Intense তীব্র
• Self limiting নকছুক্ষণ েরে এনিরতই করম যায়
• Tends to occur at night োরত ব্যাথা
• Less than five times per year in most patients ব্ছরে োচব্ারেে কম
• The patient is entirely pain-free between the episodes মধযব্র্তী সমচয় সম্পূর্ণ
ব্যাথামুক্ত
• Attacks may come in clusters (occurring daily) then abate for long periods. কচয়কটি
অযাটাক প প হচর্ত পাচ ।
13. Proctalgia fugax
• No tenderness during DRE. Unlike levator ani syndrome চােরল ব্যাথা লারগ িা
• No characteristic clinical findings can be found to support the diagnosis
• PF & LAS (Levator Ani Syndrome) may co-exist, or be different manifestations of
the same underlying dysfunction.[4]
• Diagnosis: On the basis of the symptoms.
• D/D: more serious diagnoses
• Anxiety or depression is often associated. দুনিন্তা এব্ং হর্তাশা থাকচর্ত পাচ ।
• Other pathologies which may have aetiological significance for example,
pudendal nerve neuralgia.[6]
14. Management
• Reassurance is usually sufficient.
• The symptoms are so transient that drug therapy is rarely needed.
• In patients who experience frequent, severe, prolonged attacks,
inhaled salbutamol has been shown to reduce their duration.
• Oral diltiazem, topical glyceryl nitrate and nerve blocks act by relaxing
the anal sphincter spasm but are not supported by randomised
controlled trials.
• Co-existent psychological issues should be addressed with
behavioural and/or pharmacological therapies.
15. Chronic idiopathic anal pain/
levator ani syndrome
• Synonyms: functional anorectal pain, chronic proctalgia, pyriformis
syndrome, pelvic tension myalgia, levator ani syndrome
• Etiology: spasm of pelvic floor muscles.
• Dull ache ফভাতা ব্যাথা
• Within rectum
• Exacerbated by sitting ব্সরল ব্যাথা
• Lasts for hours to days করয়ক ঘন্টা ফথরক করয়ক নিি থারক
• Epidemiology: -6-7% prevalence
• Age 30-60 yr ৩০-৬০ ব্ছে ব্য়স
• Female predilection মনহলারিে ফব্শী হয়
16. • Association with সারথ থাকরত োরেেঃ
• previous pelvic surgery or injury আঘারতে ইনতহাস
• Psychological stress or anxiety মািনসক চাে
• Tenderness on palpation of the levator ani muscles
মাাংরস ব্যাথা
17. • Biofeedback
• Electrogalvanic stimulation may be considered where high
biofeedback expertise is not available.
• Botulinum toxin A
• Percutaneous tibial nerve stimuation
• Sacral neurostimulation
• Inhaled salbutamol
• Antidepressants
• consider referral to a specialist pain management unit.
18. Coccygodynia
• Severe pain তীব্র ব্যাথা
• Rectal, perineal and sacrococcygeal
• More common in women মনহলারিে ফব্শী হয়
• Manipulation of the coccyx will trigger the pain:
Key to diagnosis and differentiate it from levator
ani syndrome জন্মহারড় চাে নিরল ব্যাথা
20. Surgical intervention
• Powers technique
• Prone position
• Midline incision
• Subperiosteal plane developed along anterior
surface of coccyx
• Amputation just proximal to sacrococcygeal joint.
21. • Gardner technique
• 7.5 cm incision, from just proximal to sacrococcygeal joint
upto buttock crease
• Down to fascia and insertion of gluteus maximus over bone
• Coccygeal vessels ligated
• Tip of the coccyx elevated and separated from the external
sphincter
22. Pudendal neuralgia
• Synonym: pudendal neuropathy, pudendal nerve entrapment, cyclist's
syndrome, pudendal canal syndrome, or Alcock's syndrome.
• Perceived in the perineum from anus to clitoris মলদ্বা সংলগ্ন এলাকায়
(ব্সা স্থাচন্) ব্যাথা. In men this includes the penis and scrotum.
But often pain is referred to nearby areas in the pelvis.
• Burning pain, shooting, numbness জ্বালা-ফোড়া ব্যাথা, অব্সভাব্
• Worse with sitting ব্সরল ব্ারড়
• Pain may be elicited by pressure over the course of the pudendal
nerve either by rectal or vaginal examination স্নায়ুে উেে চাে েড়রল ব্যাথা
23. • Etiology
• Internal rectal prolapse particularly when symptoms of obstructed
defecation are present আভ্যন্তন ন্ হানলশ ও মলর্তযাচগ ব্াধাগ্রস্তর্তা।
• Many patient have history of injury or previous surgery. Neuropraxia .
সাজ
জ ােী/ক্ষত
• Chronic constipation and straining. Stretch of the nerves. ফকাষ্ঠকাঠিিয
• Prolonged sitting and cycling. িীঘজ সময় ব্রস থাকা
25. Treatment
• Pudendal nerve block
Cortisone injections:
• Botox for overly tight muscles
• Pudendal nerve release surgery
• Antiprolapse surgery
• Biofeedback
• TENS
• Lifestyle
• Avoid excess straining, constipation
• Avoiding pressure on the perineum
• Avoid stimulant luxative
• Adapting your sex life
• topical creams
• oral medications: paracetamol, antypsychotic, antiepileptic
• Neuromodulation with implantable electrodes
26. Cherecteri
stics
Proctalgia fugax Levator ani
syndrome
Coccygodynia Pudendal
neuralgia
Site Anal Rectum Rectal,
perineal &
sacrococcygeal
Perineum from
anus to clitoris
Nature Sudden, short,
intense, less than
5/year in most
patients, at night,
self limiting
Dull ache,
hours to days
Severe Burning pain
Agravating
factor
Sitting Manipulation
of the coccyx
Sitting,
pressure over
pudendal nerve
Comparison
27. Comparison
Cherecteristics Proctalgia
fugax
Levator ani
syndrome
Coccygo
dynia
Pudendal neuralgia
Etio
pathogenesis
spasm of the
anal sphincter
spasm of the
pelvic floor
muscles.
Pelvic surgery/
injury, anxiety
Neuropraxia.
Prolapse, chronic
constipation &
straining, prolonged
sitting and cycling
Demography 30-60 yrs. M:F
1, 8-10% of
population
30-60 yrs,
female
Women
Examination No tenderness,
no findings
Tender levator
ani
Manipul
ation of
coccyx
trigger
pain
28. Diagnosis/ফোগ নিণজয়
• Careful history ফোরগে ইনতহাস
• an experienced colorectal surgeon can often surmise the patients diagnosis
prior to any examination just by listening to key descriptions by the patient.
অনভজ্ঞ করলারেক্টাল সাজ
জ ি ফব্শীে ভাগ ফক্ষরে ফোগীে কথা শুরিই নক ফোগ হরয়রছ তা ব্ুঝরত োরেি।
• Physical examination শােীনেক েযজরব্ক্ষণ
• If not possible in the office then under anaesthesia ব্যাথাে কােরণ অব্শ করে ফিখা
লাগরত োরে।
32. • Agravating factor
• Constipation
• Sitting
• Manipulation of the coccyx
• Sitting, pressure over pudendal nerve
33. • Other important history অিয গুরুত্বেূণজ ইনতহাস
• Diabetes ডায়ারব্টিস
• Inflammatory bowel disease অরন্ত্র প্রিাহ
• Family history of colorectal cancer েনেব্ারে কযান্সাে
• Anoreceptive intercourse েুরূষ সমকানমতা
• Infliximab
34. Clinical feature/ফোরগে লক্ষণ
• Anal fissure নচড় ও ফগজ
will typically cause sharp anal pain during and after a hard stool
passage. শক্ত োয়খািা হব্াে সময় তীব্র ব্যাথা হয়।
Clearly evident on inspection ফিরখই নিণজয় কো যায়
Blood on hard stool/ toilet paper মলতযারগ েক্ত
Relief with a warm water bath কুসুম গেম োনিরত ব্সরল উেকাে হয়।
36. Thrombosed external hemorrhoid
• Pain is usually constant একিাগারড় োচ-ছয় নিি ব্যাথা
• Palpable swelling without systemic signs of infection হাত নিরয় ফ ালা অিুভব্
কো যায়। জ্বে থারক িা।
37. • Perianal abscess ফ াড়া
Constant throbbing pain with signs of inflammation একিাগারড় িেিরে ব্যাথা।গেম ও লাল হরয় ু রল যায়।
ব্সরল/ চাে লাগরল ব্যাথা ব্ারড়
• Fistula in ano ভগন্দে
Discharge through a perianal abnormal opening. History of abscess may or may not be
present. মলদ্বরেে োরশ নছদ্র নিরয় েূজ-কসািী েরড়। অরিক সময় ফ াড়াে ইনতহাস থারক।
• Cancer কযান্সাে
Should always be included in the differential diagnosis হরয়রছ নকিা অব্শযই ফিখা উনচত।
38. • Acutely thrombosed external hemorrhoid ব্নহেঃ োইলরস েক্ত জমাট
Sharp constant pain after straining with a defication or lifting something heavy একিাগারড় তীব্র
ব্যাথা, ফকাথ নিরল ব্ারড়
Feeling of bulge near the anal opening মলদ্বরেে োরশ ফ ারল
Pain will last all day সাোনিিই ব্যাথা থারক
Usually increasing gradually and then decrease over the week প্রথম ১-২ নিি ব্যাথা ব্ারড়; তােেে নিি
োরচরকে মত লারগ ব্যাথা কমরত।
It hurts to sit or touch the area ব্সরল/ চাে লাগরল ব্যাথা ব্ারড়
No fever জ্বে থারক িা
39. • Pruritus ani মলদ্বারে চ
ু ল্কািী
• Occasionally described as painful but not often কখিও কখিও ফোগী ব্যাথাে কথা ব্লরত
োরে
• Sexually transmitted disease (ফযৌি ব্ানহত ফোগ)
42. Treatment of chronic anal pain
• Multimodality assessment and treatment
• Combined surgical, pharmacological, rehabilitational & psychological
approach
• Pharma : TCA, antiepileptic drugs, opioids
• Pudendal nerve entrapment: inj of steroid and local anesthetic under
the guidance of a nerve stimulator.
• Treatment of prolapse.