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Analysis of men 100m final #london2017

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Alberto Stretti
Alberto Stretti

The document analyzes data from high-speed cameras that recorded the men's 100m final at the 2017 IAAF World Championships. It provides split times and biomechanical details for the medalists. Reaction time and performance in the early stages were key in determining the race outcome, though maintaining speed was also important. While the medalists achieved high speeds in the middle and late phases, Bolt's reaction time was slower than Gatlin's in the final. A comparison to Bolt's 2009 world record race shows he was consistently slower throughout in 2017.

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Preliminary Analysis of the Men’s 100 m Final IAAF World Championships 2017 Saturday 5th August
Brief Data Capture Details • Eighteen high-speed digital video cameras were placed at multiple positions overlooking the home straight to record 10m splits and 3D motion analysis data. The cameras recorded at between 100 and 250 frames per second with all finalists filmed from a range of different angles. • For the purposes of this flash report, selected variables have been included while a more detailed report is being prepared. • Split times are presented for all athletes with a selection of biomechanical variables presented for the three medallists.
Results – 10m Splits (seconds) Posn. Athlete Reaction Time 0-10m 10-20m 20-30m 30-40m 40-50m 50-60m 60-70m 70-80m 80-90m 90-100m 0-100m 1 Gatlin 0.138 1.74 1.02 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.87 9.92 2 Coleman 0.123 1.75 1.00 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.92 9.94 3 Bolt 0.183 1.78 1.02 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.89 9.95 4 Blake 0.137 1.74 1.02 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.88 0.87 0.89 9.99 5 Simbine 0.141 1.78 1.03 0.92 0.92 0.87 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.9 10.01 6 Vicaut 0.152 1.80 1.03 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.9 10.08 7 Prescod 0.145 1.89 1.05 0.92 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.88 10.17 8 Su 0.224 1.81 1.03 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.92 10.27 Fastest Split
Position 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m 90 m 100 m 1 Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Gatlin 2 Blake Blake Blake Blake Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Coleman 3 Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Blake Blake Bolt Bolt Bolt Bolt 4 Simbine Simbine Simbine Bolt Vicaut Bolt Blake Blake Blake Blake 5 Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Bolt Simbine Simbine Simbine Simbine Simbine 6 Bolt Bolt Bolt Simbine Simbine Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut 7 Su Su Su Su Su Su Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod 8 Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod Su Su Su Su Results – Ranking Progression
Results – Early Phase (Medallists) Athlete Reaction Time (s) Time - 1st Step (s) Time - 2nd Step (s) Time - 3rd Step (s) Time – 4th Step (s) Time - 10m (s) Time – 100m (s) Gatlin 0.138 0.59 0.83 1.06 1.29 1.88 9.92 Coleman 0.123 0.59 0.82 1.07 1.29 1.87 9.94 Bolt 0.183 0.69 0.94 1.20 1.45 1.96 9.95
Step Length (m) Step Frequency (Hz) Contact Time (s) Flight Time (s) Gatlin 2.47 4.61 0.104 0.113 Coleman 2.35 5.00 0.090 0.110 Bolt 2.69 4.27 0.097 0.137 Analysis of Mid-section of Race (47-55.5m) – Sample Values (left-right average) Results – Middle Phase (Medallists) Max 10m Split Speed (m/s) 10m Zone of Max Speed (m) Total Number of Steps Gatlin 11.63 60-70 44 Coleman 11.63 50-60 47 Bolt 11.76 60-70 41
Middle Phase – Temporal Characteristics All three medallists demonstrate a slight asymmetry as characterised by differences in contact times, however Bolt displays a notable asymmetrical pattern in flight time. 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 Gatlin Coleman Bolt ContactTime(s) Left Leg Right leg 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 Gatlin Coleman Bolt FlightTime(s) Left-to-Right Right-to-Left
Late Phase Characteristics Step Length (m) Contact Time (s) Flight Time (s) Gatlin 2.70 0.108 0.134 Coleman 2.67 0.106 0.144 Bolt 2.94 0.116 0.144 Analysis of Last Two Steps – Sample Values (left-right average)
Variation in Medallists’ Block Clearance 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 Round 1 Semi Final Time(s) Gatlin Coleman Bolt In contrast to the other medallists, Bolt’s reaction times increased through the rounds. His reaction time in the final was 0.045 seconds slower than Gatlin’s, which was more than the final time difference between them (0.03 seconds).
Bolt – Berlin 2009 (WR) vs London 2017 Cumulative Times (s) Berlin 2009 London 2017 20 m 2.89 2.98 40 m 4.64 4.76 60 m 6.31 6.49 80 m 7.92 8.20 100 m 9.58 9.95 A comparison of Bolt’s 2017 performance with his World Record in 2009 (analysed over 20m splits) shows that his speed is consistently lower throughout all stages of the race including the later stages in which he usually outperforms his rivals. 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Speed(m/s) Distance (m) London 2017 Berlin 2009
Summary • It appears that reaction time and performance in the very early stages of the race remain key determinants of race outcome. • In addition, to achieve high running speeds athletes should place an emphasis on speed maintenance as slight reductions in speed towards the end of the race may equally determine the outcome of the race. • Reviewing Bolt’s profile from the time he set his world record suggests that elite sprinters exhibit consistent step length patterns and therefore variations in step frequency explain fluctuations in performance. • Achieving high running speeds in the middle and late phases of the race does not always compensate for slower starts.

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Analysis of men 100m final #london2017

  • 1. Preliminary Analysis of the Men’s 100 m Final IAAF World Championships 2017 Saturday 5th August
  • 2. Brief Data Capture Details • Eighteen high-speed digital video cameras were placed at multiple positions overlooking the home straight to record 10m splits and 3D motion analysis data. The cameras recorded at between 100 and 250 frames per second with all finalists filmed from a range of different angles. • For the purposes of this flash report, selected variables have been included while a more detailed report is being prepared. • Split times are presented for all athletes with a selection of biomechanical variables presented for the three medallists.
  • 3. Results – 10m Splits (seconds) Posn. Athlete Reaction Time 0-10m 10-20m 20-30m 30-40m 40-50m 50-60m 60-70m 70-80m 80-90m 90-100m 0-100m 1 Gatlin 0.138 1.74 1.02 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.87 9.92 2 Coleman 0.123 1.75 1.00 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.92 9.94 3 Bolt 0.183 1.78 1.02 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.89 9.95 4 Blake 0.137 1.74 1.02 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.88 0.87 0.89 9.99 5 Simbine 0.141 1.78 1.03 0.92 0.92 0.87 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.9 10.01 6 Vicaut 0.152 1.80 1.03 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.9 10.08 7 Prescod 0.145 1.89 1.05 0.92 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.88 10.17 8 Su 0.224 1.81 1.03 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.92 10.27 Fastest Split
  • 4. Position 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m 60 m 70 m 80 m 90 m 100 m 1 Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Gatlin 2 Blake Blake Blake Blake Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Coleman 3 Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Gatlin Blake Blake Bolt Bolt Bolt Bolt 4 Simbine Simbine Simbine Bolt Vicaut Bolt Blake Blake Blake Blake 5 Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Bolt Simbine Simbine Simbine Simbine Simbine 6 Bolt Bolt Bolt Simbine Simbine Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut Vicaut 7 Su Su Su Su Su Su Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod 8 Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod Prescod Su Su Su Su Results – Ranking Progression
  • 5. Results – Early Phase (Medallists) Athlete Reaction Time (s) Time - 1st Step (s) Time - 2nd Step (s) Time - 3rd Step (s) Time – 4th Step (s) Time - 10m (s) Time – 100m (s) Gatlin 0.138 0.59 0.83 1.06 1.29 1.88 9.92 Coleman 0.123 0.59 0.82 1.07 1.29 1.87 9.94 Bolt 0.183 0.69 0.94 1.20 1.45 1.96 9.95
  • 6. Step Length (m) Step Frequency (Hz) Contact Time (s) Flight Time (s) Gatlin 2.47 4.61 0.104 0.113 Coleman 2.35 5.00 0.090 0.110 Bolt 2.69 4.27 0.097 0.137 Analysis of Mid-section of Race (47-55.5m) – Sample Values (left-right average) Results – Middle Phase (Medallists) Max 10m Split Speed (m/s) 10m Zone of Max Speed (m) Total Number of Steps Gatlin 11.63 60-70 44 Coleman 11.63 50-60 47 Bolt 11.76 60-70 41
  • 7. Middle Phase – Temporal Characteristics All three medallists demonstrate a slight asymmetry as characterised by differences in contact times, however Bolt displays a notable asymmetrical pattern in flight time. 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 Gatlin Coleman Bolt ContactTime(s) Left Leg Right leg 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 Gatlin Coleman Bolt FlightTime(s) Left-to-Right Right-to-Left
  • 8. Late Phase Characteristics Step Length (m) Contact Time (s) Flight Time (s) Gatlin 2.70 0.108 0.134 Coleman 2.67 0.106 0.144 Bolt 2.94 0.116 0.144 Analysis of Last Two Steps – Sample Values (left-right average)
  • 9. Variation in Medallists’ Block Clearance 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 Round 1 Semi Final Time(s) Gatlin Coleman Bolt In contrast to the other medallists, Bolt’s reaction times increased through the rounds. His reaction time in the final was 0.045 seconds slower than Gatlin’s, which was more than the final time difference between them (0.03 seconds).
  • 10. Bolt – Berlin 2009 (WR) vs London 2017 Cumulative Times (s) Berlin 2009 London 2017 20 m 2.89 2.98 40 m 4.64 4.76 60 m 6.31 6.49 80 m 7.92 8.20 100 m 9.58 9.95 A comparison of Bolt’s 2017 performance with his World Record in 2009 (analysed over 20m splits) shows that his speed is consistently lower throughout all stages of the race including the later stages in which he usually outperforms his rivals. 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Speed(m/s) Distance (m) London 2017 Berlin 2009
  • 11. Summary • It appears that reaction time and performance in the very early stages of the race remain key determinants of race outcome. • In addition, to achieve high running speeds athletes should place an emphasis on speed maintenance as slight reductions in speed towards the end of the race may equally determine the outcome of the race. • Reviewing Bolt’s profile from the time he set his world record suggests that elite sprinters exhibit consistent step length patterns and therefore variations in step frequency explain fluctuations in performance. • Achieving high running speeds in the middle and late phases of the race does not always compensate for slower starts.