Analyzing an argument
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This document outlines the key components of analyzing an argument, including identifying the claim, evidence, and assertion. It discusses different types of evidence such as data, expert opinions, anecdotes, and documents. It also examines questions to consider when evaluating evidence and the rhetorical appeals of logos (logic), ethos (credibility), and pathos (emotion). Logical reasoning can be deductive by applying a theory to observations or inductive by using observations to form a hypothesis or theory.
Analyzing an argument
- 2. Structure • Claim • Evidence • Assertion Sound familiar?
- 3. Types of Evidence • Measurable data • Expert opinion (research) • Specialized knowledge • Anecdote • Observable phenomena • Documentary
- 4. Questions to Ask • Sufficient? • Relevant? • Representative?
- 5. Rhetorical Appeals • Logos • Ethos • Pathos
- 6. Logos • Logic • Reason • Deductive • Inductive
- 7. Deductive • top down • Theory >Hypothesis>observation>confirmation
- 8. Inductive • Bottom up • Observation > pattern > hypothesis > thesis/theory
- 9. Ethos • Ethical • Credible • Respects reader • Acknowledges opposing opinion • Establishes common ground with reader (shared values)
- 10. Pathos • Emotional appeal • Use with caution