Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Mongolia
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1) The study detected Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys in ticks collected from Mongolia through PCR and sequencing of the groEL gene. 2) A. phagocytophilum was found in 6.14% of Ixodes persulcatus ticks and 20% of Dermacentor nuttalli ticks. A. platys was found in 1.75% of I. persulcatus and 10% of D. nuttalli. 3) Sequence analysis showed the A. phagocytophilum strain from Mongolia is most similar to strains found in Russia. This research provides new information on tick-borne pathogens in Mongolia.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Mongolia
- 1. For International Conference Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Tick-Borne Infections Dedicated to the 75th Anniversary of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Discovery MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ZOONOTIC ANAPLASMA IN VECTOR TICK IN MONGOLIA Javkhlan G.1, Enkhtaivan B1., Baigalmaa B.2 , Enkhtogtoh B. 1, Bolorchimeg B.3, Battur B. 1, Tuvshintulga B. 1, Undraa B2., Battsetseg B. 1 Irkutsk, Russia-2012 1 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, IVM, 2 National Center for Infectious Diseases with Natural Foci , 3 National Center for Infectious Diseases with Natural Foci, Selenge province油
- 2. Introduction Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, which have long been recognized as worldwide tick-borne agents for several species of wild and domesticated mammals, and human. The disease usually presents as an acute febrile illness characterized by headache, chill, myalgias, arthralgia, malaise, and hematological abnormalities, such as thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated hepatic aminotransferase levels.
- 3. Basis of the study In Mongolia: Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma marginale detected in reindeer by microscopic examination (Purevsuren, 1981) and PCR (Nansalmaa, 2012). Anaplasma phagocytophilum antibody found in human by IFAT (Walder et al., 2006). The tick vectors unknown. Therefore, we completed this study for detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick vectors.
- 4. Aim of the study - Identification of collected tick species from study area - Detection Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in tick vector using specific gene fragments by molecular biological assay -Sequencing and analyzing A.phagocytophilum groEL gene fragment partially
- 5. Methods and Results Methods and results
- 6. Sample for study Totally about 1300 ticks were collected from forest area of Selenge province. Ticks were identified as I.persulcatus and D.nuttalli by using identification key. Ixodes persulcatus Dermacentor nuttalli A B Female Male Male Female
- 7. Distribution of Ixodes genus Ixodes crenulatus Koch 1935 Ixodes laguri ol 1928 Ixodes lividus Koch 1844 Ixodes arboricola Schulze et Schlottke 1929 Ixodes passericola Schulze 1933 Ixodes persulcatus P.Sch 1930 Ixodes prokopheri Jem Jesse I. Goodman et al, 2005 Ixodes persulcatus is main species for transmit infectious diseases to human and animals Dash Mo., 1986
- 8. Distribution of Dermacentor genus Dermacentor nuttalli ol 1929 Dermacentor silvarum ol 1929 Dermacentor daghestanicus ol 1929 Dermacentor asiaticum Jemelyanova et kozlovskaya 1967 Dermacentor nuttalli is widely distributed tick and the most important in veterinary .
- 9. Samples for detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum Tick油species Sum,油province Tick油gender Number油of油 sample 1 Dermacentor nuttalli Altanbulag,油Selenge F 6 M油 4 2 Khuder,油Selenge F 6 M 4 total油 F 12 M 8 油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油Net油 20 3 Ixodes persulcatus Altanbulag,油Selenge F 23 M 26 4 Khuder,油Selenge F 88 M 77 total F 111 M 103 5 Biotop-3 F 3 M 2 6 Biotop-1 M 1 7 unknown unknown 8 油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油油Net 228
- 10. Extract tick genomic DNA G-spin genomic DNA extraction kit Extract DNA from ticks after ticks were freezed and mashed by liquid nitrogen are performed through G-spin genomic DNA extraction kit protocol.
- 11. Polymerase chain reaction Maxime PCR PreMix in one tube 95油0油弌 15 kit 94油0油弌 30 Sterilized distilled 16 袖l 55油0油弌 30 35 cycle water 72油0油弌 45 Primer - forward 1 袖l 72油0油弌 7 4油0油弌 - Primer - reverse 1 袖l Sample 2 袖l Total 20 袖l
- 12. Primers Primers: - EphplgroEL(569)F (5-ATGGTATGCAGTTTGATCGC-3) - EphplgroEL(1193)R (5-TCTACTCTGTCTTTGCGTTC-3) The primers anneal to nucleotide strings conserved in A. phagocytophilum and A. platys and were designed to selectively amplify, 624 bp of the groEL gene of both species from samples.
- 13. Results of polymerase chain reaction M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 M : 100bp marker DNA 1-8: samples 2 : positive for 500bp A.phagocytophilum 200bp 100bp 1, 7, 8: positive for A.platys A.phagocytophilum positive control was chosen after verified PCR results by sequencing.
- 14. Results Tick species Sum, province Tick Number of Positive for Positive for gender sample A.phagocytophilum (%) A.platys (%) 1 Altanbulag, F 6 1 (16,66%) 0 Selenge M 4 1 (25%) 0 2 D.nutalli Khuder, Selenge F 6 1 (16,66%) 2 (33,33%) M 4 1 (25%) 0 total F 12 2 (16,66) 2 (16,66%) M 8 2 (25%) 0 Net 20 4 (20%) 2 (10%) 3 Altanbulag, F 23 3 (13,04%) 1 (4,35%) Selenge M 26 2 (7,69%) 1 (3,84%) 4 Khuder, Selenge F 88 5 (5,68%) 2 (2,27%) M 77 4 (5,19%) 0 I.persulcatus total F 111 8 (7,2%) 3 (2,7%) M 103 6 (5,82%) 1 (0,97%) 5 Biotop-3 F 3 0 0 M 2 0 0 6 Biotop-1 M 1 0 0 7 unknown unknown 8 0 0 Net 228 14 (6,14%) 4 (1,75%)
- 15. Sequencing Direct DNA sequencing method was basically performed using the same PCR primers in the present study. The amplicon was cloned into a plasmid vector using a TOPO TA cloning kit (Invitrogen), and then sequenced using the primers provided with the kit.
- 16. Sequence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum groEL gene, partial CGAGCGTCTT GCATGCTCCG GCCGCCATGG CCGCGGGATT ATGGTATGCA GTTTGATCGC GGATATCTTT CGCCTTACTT TGTTACAAAT GCTGAAAAAA TGCTGGTGGA ATTTGAAAAT CCATACATAT TCCTTACTGA AAAGAAGATT AATCTTGTAC AAAGCATTTT ACCAATATTA GAAAACGTTG CGAGAGCTGG CAGACCATTG CTCATCATAG CTGAAGATGT TGAAGGTGAA GCTCTGAGCA CGCTTGTACT CAATAAGCTC CGTGGTGGGC TCCAAGTTGC TGCTGTAAAG GCGCCTGGTT TCGGTGACAG AAGAAAAGAC ATGCTAGGCG ATATTGCCGT AATAGTAGGC GCTAAGTATG TAGTAAATGA CGAGCTTGCT GTTAAGATGG AAGATATCGC TCTAAGCGAT CTGGGTACTG CTAAGAGCGT GCGCATCACA AAAGACGCAA CTACTATCAT AGGTAGCGTT GATAGCAGTT CTGAAAGCAT AGCTAGCAGG ACTAATCAAA TCAAAGCTCA GATAGAAAAC TCTAGTTCTG ATTATGACAA GGAAAAGCTT AGAGAACGTT TAGCGAAGCT TTCCGGTGGC GTTGCTGTAC TCAAGGTTGG TGGATCCAGC GAAGTTGAGG TGAAGGAACG CAAAGACAGA GTAGAAATCA CTAGTGCGGC CGCCTGCAGG TCGACCATAT GGGAGAGCTC CCAACGCGTT GGATGCATAG CTTGAGTATT CTATAGTGTC ACCTAAATAG CTTGGCGTAA TCATGGTCAT AGCTGTTTCC TGTGTGAAAT TGTTATCCGC TCACAATTCC ACACAACATA CGAGCCGGAA GCATAAAGTG TAAAGCCTGG GGTGCCTAAT GAGTGAGCTA ACTCACATTA ATTGCGTTGC GCTCACTGCC CGCTTTCCAG TCGGGAAACC TGTCGTGCCA GCTGCATTAA TGAATCGGCC AACGCGCGGG GAGAGGCGGG TTTGCGTATT GGGCGCTCTT Insert (red): 625 bp
- 17. Phylogenetic analyses Nucleotide sequences were initially checked using a BLAST search hosted by the NCBI for the comparison with other known nucleotide sequences. The multiple alignment analysis was performed using the ClustalW online server. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by UPGMA method using ClustalW online server.
- 18. Europe I Russia Europe II USA
- 19. Conclusion l All samples were studied by using tick identification key, and identified as Dermacentor nuttalli and Ixodes persulcatus. Ixodes persulcatus (91.9%) is dominant tick species in this local area. l groEL gene fragments amplified in 26.14% of all tick DNA samples for Anaplasma phagocytophilium and in 11.75% for naplasma platys. l In this study, 6.14% of I.persulcatus was positive for A. phagocytophilium and 1.75% was positive for A.platys. 20% of D.nuttalli was positive for A. phagocytophilium and 10% was positive for A.platys. These ticks play role to transmit the agents in nature.
- 20. Conclusion 4. .platys groEL gene fragment is detected in this study, and this become new information in Mongolia for further study. 5. Detected Anaplasma phagocytophilium and naplasma platys groEL gene fragments were sequenced and analyzed for verification. 6. A. phagocytophilum 625bp of groEL gene partially sequenced and performed phylogenetic analysis. Mongolian A. phagocytophilum groEL gene is in Russian group. 7. Further studies for understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms of transmission mechanism, particularly the process of stored in tick organs, is required for the development of preventive measure against anaplasmosis.
- 21. Aknowledgements Organizers of International Conference Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Tick-Borne Infections Dedicated to the 75th Anniversary of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Discovery WHO Representative Office in Mongolia Workers of local stations for infectious diseases with Natural Foci Researchers of Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolia Other researchers and organizations
- 22. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION e_mail: bata07@gmail.com Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Zaisan-210153, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia