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ANATOMY
         OF
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
FUNDAMENTALS FIRST




WHAT ARE CORE OBJECTIVES OF A
  COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE ?
ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES
TYPES OF ORGANISATION    SECTOR            OBJECTIVES



                        PUBLIC           PROFIT
 BUSINESS
                        PRIVATE         LONG TERM PROFIT

                                        GROWTH


                        EDUCATIONAL    Imparting Knowledge

 OTHERS                 GOVERNMENT    Effective Admninistration


                        CHARITABLE      Take care of poor
                        ETC.             etc.etc.
WHAT IS PROFIT     ?



   PROFIT    =     SALES    -       COSTS


PROFIT - =       REVENUE - EXPENDITURE


            HOW TO IMPROVE
      FOR A GIVEN CAPACITY LEVEL ?
HOW TO INMPROVE PROFITS ?

                            RAISE PRICES
1. INCREASE REVENUES
                          INCREASE VOLUME




                       REDUCE COST OF EMPLOYEES
                              (DOWNWISE)

2. DECREASE COSTS
                       REDUCE COST OF PROCESS AND
                                 WASTE


                       REDUCE COST OF MATERIALS
HOW TO INCREASE PROFITS ?
      METHOD                FUNCTIONAL AREA

INCREASE SALES REVENUE      MARKETING
(GET HIGHER PRICE)

REDUCE DIRECT COSTS
                             PRODUCTION
  - INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY
 - VALUE ENGINEERING         DESIGN, R&D
 - REDUCE MATERIAL COSTS     MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

REDUCE INDIRECT COSTS
                             ALL
 - REDUCE INVENTORY
 - REDUCE REDUNDENCY         MATERIAL PLANNING, STORES

 - REDUCE ORDERING COSTS     PURCHASE
 - REDUCE OTHER OVERHEADS    ALL
 - REDUCE CYCLE TIME         ALL
CASH TO CASH CYCLE.


            LONG TERM           SHORT
              FUNDS.            TERM
                             BORROWINGS


                        CASH
RECEIVABLES

                                       MATERIALS
 FINISHED
                        LABOUR
  GOODS


                     WORK IN
                    PROGRESS
                      (W.I.P.)
TYPICAL COMPONENTS OF INVENTORY


                      APP.%AGE          FUNCTION
  ITEM                OF INVENTORY      RESPONSIBLE
                      VALUE

GOODS IN TRANSIT        10           INTEGRATED
(G.I.T.)                             MATERIALS
                                     MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS IN STORES     40

WORK IN PROCESS         40           PROD. ENGG.
(W.I.P.)

STOCK IN TRADE          10           CUSTOMER
(S.I.T.)
COST CATEGORIES



Material Costs


Capital costs    Interest on Inventory


                 Personal costs
Overheads        EDP
                 Warehouse etc.
EFFECTIVE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT




           Overheads                Profit Overheads
                                       10      15
Profit        15                                     Labour
   10              Labour          6                   15
                     15
                                         Materials
                                            54
         Materials
                                             10%
            60
                                            saving
                                    = a 60% increase
                                        in profit


                                      easier than increasing
                                           sales by 60% !
INVENTOR
         Y
Are those items which are available
  in plenty but not required and
whatever are required immediately
        are not available.

          A crazy definition or
         is it a practical view ?
PURCHASING
Traditionally, Purchasing has been
viewed by many as an
   ORDER PLACEMENT SERVICE,
     with low levels of performance,
and high levels of frustration
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT


  VENDOR          MANUFACTURER            CUSTOMER




                    INFORMATION

                      FINANCE

                      MATERIAL



MANAGING ABOVE 3 ACROSS 3 GROUPS OF ENTITIES TO ACHIEVE
     OBJECTIVES OF ALL THE 3 GROUPS IS THE TASK OF
             SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Ad

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Anatomy of Business Operatrion

  • 1. ANATOMY OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS
  • 2. FUNDAMENTALS FIRST WHAT ARE CORE OBJECTIVES OF A COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE ?
  • 3. ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES TYPES OF ORGANISATION SECTOR OBJECTIVES PUBLIC PROFIT BUSINESS PRIVATE LONG TERM PROFIT GROWTH EDUCATIONAL Imparting Knowledge OTHERS GOVERNMENT Effective Admninistration CHARITABLE Take care of poor ETC. etc.etc.
  • 4. WHAT IS PROFIT ? PROFIT = SALES - COSTS PROFIT - = REVENUE - EXPENDITURE HOW TO IMPROVE FOR A GIVEN CAPACITY LEVEL ?
  • 5. HOW TO INMPROVE PROFITS ? RAISE PRICES 1. INCREASE REVENUES INCREASE VOLUME REDUCE COST OF EMPLOYEES (DOWNWISE) 2. DECREASE COSTS REDUCE COST OF PROCESS AND WASTE REDUCE COST OF MATERIALS
  • 6. HOW TO INCREASE PROFITS ? METHOD FUNCTIONAL AREA INCREASE SALES REVENUE MARKETING (GET HIGHER PRICE) REDUCE DIRECT COSTS PRODUCTION - INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY - VALUE ENGINEERING DESIGN, R&D - REDUCE MATERIAL COSTS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT REDUCE INDIRECT COSTS ALL - REDUCE INVENTORY - REDUCE REDUNDENCY MATERIAL PLANNING, STORES - REDUCE ORDERING COSTS PURCHASE - REDUCE OTHER OVERHEADS ALL - REDUCE CYCLE TIME ALL
  • 7. CASH TO CASH CYCLE. LONG TERM SHORT FUNDS. TERM BORROWINGS CASH RECEIVABLES MATERIALS FINISHED LABOUR GOODS WORK IN PROGRESS (W.I.P.)
  • 8. TYPICAL COMPONENTS OF INVENTORY APP.%AGE FUNCTION ITEM OF INVENTORY RESPONSIBLE VALUE GOODS IN TRANSIT 10 INTEGRATED (G.I.T.) MATERIALS MANAGEMENT MATERIALS IN STORES 40 WORK IN PROCESS 40 PROD. ENGG. (W.I.P.) STOCK IN TRADE 10 CUSTOMER (S.I.T.)
  • 9. COST CATEGORIES Material Costs Capital costs Interest on Inventory Personal costs Overheads EDP Warehouse etc.
  • 10. EFFECTIVE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Overheads Profit Overheads 10 15 Profit 15 Labour 10 Labour 6 15 15 Materials 54 Materials 10% 60 saving = a 60% increase in profit easier than increasing sales by 60% !
  • 11. INVENTOR Y Are those items which are available in plenty but not required and whatever are required immediately are not available. A crazy definition or is it a practical view ?
  • 12. PURCHASING Traditionally, Purchasing has been viewed by many as an ORDER PLACEMENT SERVICE, with low levels of performance, and high levels of frustration
  • 13. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT VENDOR MANUFACTURER CUSTOMER INFORMATION FINANCE MATERIAL MANAGING ABOVE 3 ACROSS 3 GROUPS OF ENTITIES TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES OF ALL THE 3 GROUPS IS THE TASK OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT