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Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein

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Hussein Al-Hchaimi

Lymph nodes are oval shaped structures scattered throughout the body along lymph vessels. They range in size from 1-25mm. Lymph nodes contain immune cells like B cells, T cells, and macrophages. They have an outer capsule and inner medulla and cortex regions. Lymph flows into nodes through afferent vessels and is filtered by macrophages and lymphocytes before exiting through efferent vessels. This allows immune cells time to identify foreign substances and mount a response. Major lymph node groups are found in the neck, armpits, groin, and abdomen. Lymph nodes help protect the body by removing pathogens and producing immune cells.

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ANATOMY OF LYMPH NODE PRESENTED BY HUSSEIN ALI HUSSEIN AL-HCHAIMI MSC. STUDENT ANESTHESIA DEPARTMENT TUMS
-- Oval, bean shaped structures scattered throughout body along lymph vessels. --Usually 1-25 mm in length, but they can be larger. CMay be deep or superficial. --Greatest concentration near groin, axilla, neck, thorax, and along gut tube in abdomen. In generally...
? Distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach and linked by lymphatic vessels . ? Lymph nodes are major sites of B, T, and other immune cells . ? Large clusters in inguinal , axilliary , cervical regions.
ANATOMICAL PICTURES
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
STRUCTURE OF A LYMPH NODE ?Outermost is the covering called capsule composed of fibrous connective tissue ? Capsule contains the parenchyma or stroma ? Stroma is differentiated into cortex & medulla ?Trabeculae extend from cortex to medulla
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
Cortex Medulla ? inner germinal center is the site of B- cell proliferation ?inner medulla medullary cords of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells. ¢outer cortex ¢ - filled with lymph follicles -outer edge of follicle contains more T cells
CYTOLOGY OF THE LYMPH NODE The normal or reactive lymph node is composed of ? Transient B and T lymphocytes ? Antigen processing and presenting cells ? Replicating B and T lymphocytes (in response to antigen) ? Persistent and transient final effector cells ? Macrophages
? B lymphocytes are located primarily in the follicles and perifollicular areas ? T lymphocytes are found primarily in the interfollicular or paracortical areas of the lymph node.
?Macrophages and lymphocytes reside in the outer ("cortex") region of a node. ¢Afferent (entering) vessels bring lymph in. ¢Lymph first enters into a large subcapsular sinus & then into many small sinuses. ¢Throughout the node are lymph sinuses crisscrossed by reticular fibers
?The node acts as a ＾settling tank,￣ because there are fewer efferent vessels, lymph stagnates somewhat in the node. ?Macrophages reside on these fibers where they phagocytise foreign matter.
?This allows lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out their protective functions ?Reticular fibers filter and trap damaged cells, microorganisms, foreign substances, tumor cells. ? Macrophages phagocytize some, lymphocytes destroy some by immune defenses. "Medulla" is the inner collecting area. Efferent (exiting) vessel leaves at the "hilus.
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
DISTRIBU TION
Lymph nodes of clinical importance have been put under 5 main groups : ? Cervical groups ? Axillary groups ? Inguinal groups : >Iliac ? Trachiobronchial ? Aortic
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
CERVICAL GROUPS ?Right & left groups each divided into: horizontal (circular) and vertical ? The horizontal group include: ? sub-mental ? sub-mandibular ? parotid ? pre-auricular ? post-auricular ? occipital
CONT´ ? The vertical group include: ? superficial (along external jugular vein) ? deep (along internal jugular vein) ? Pre-laryngeal ? Pre-tracheal ? Para-tracheal
AXILLARY GROUPS ? Right & left groups ? each divided into 5 groups: ? Anterior (pectoral) ? posterior (sub-scapular) ? medial (along chest wall) ? lateral ? central
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
? Horizontal group lies along the inguinal ligament (both above and over) ? Vertical group is beside the great saphenous vein in the proximal thigh. ? Iliac nodes : above and deep to inguinal ligament Inguinal groups
Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein
? The human body has two small groups which are : ? Epitrochlear lymph nodes . ? Popliteal lymph nodes : these nodes are located posterior to the knee joint .
3 cm proximal to the medial humeral epicondyle, in the groove between the biceps and triceps brachii. Epitrochlear nodes
LYMPH NODES FUNCTION ? Help protect the body by removing foreign material (bacteria and tumor cells). ? Protect the body by producing lymphocytes. ? Filter lymph fluid to trap foreign
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Anatomy of lymph node by hussein ali hussein

  • 1. ANATOMY OF LYMPH NODE PRESENTED BY HUSSEIN ALI HUSSEIN AL-HCHAIMI MSC. STUDENT ANESTHESIA DEPARTMENT TUMS
  • 2. -- Oval, bean shaped structures scattered throughout body along lymph vessels. --Usually 1-25 mm in length, but they can be larger. CMay be deep or superficial. --Greatest concentration near groin, axilla, neck, thorax, and along gut tube in abdomen. In generally...
  • 3. ? Distributed widely throughout the body including the armpit and stomach and linked by lymphatic vessels . ? Lymph nodes are major sites of B, T, and other immune cells . ? Large clusters in inguinal , axilliary , cervical regions.
  • 8. STRUCTURE OF A LYMPH NODE ?Outermost is the covering called capsule composed of fibrous connective tissue ? Capsule contains the parenchyma or stroma ? Stroma is differentiated into cortex & medulla ?Trabeculae extend from cortex to medulla
  • 10. Cortex Medulla ? inner germinal center is the site of B- cell proliferation ?inner medulla medullary cords of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells. ¢outer cortex ¢ - filled with lymph follicles -outer edge of follicle contains more T cells
  • 11. CYTOLOGY OF THE LYMPH NODE The normal or reactive lymph node is composed of ? Transient B and T lymphocytes ? Antigen processing and presenting cells ? Replicating B and T lymphocytes (in response to antigen) ? Persistent and transient final effector cells ? Macrophages
  • 12. ? B lymphocytes are located primarily in the follicles and perifollicular areas ? T lymphocytes are found primarily in the interfollicular or paracortical areas of the lymph node.
  • 13. ?Macrophages and lymphocytes reside in the outer ("cortex") region of a node. ¢Afferent (entering) vessels bring lymph in. ¢Lymph first enters into a large subcapsular sinus & then into many small sinuses. ¢Throughout the node are lymph sinuses crisscrossed by reticular fibers
  • 14. ?The node acts as a ＾settling tank,￣ because there are fewer efferent vessels, lymph stagnates somewhat in the node. ?Macrophages reside on these fibers where they phagocytise foreign matter.
  • 15. ?This allows lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out their protective functions ?Reticular fibers filter and trap damaged cells, microorganisms, foreign substances, tumor cells. ? Macrophages phagocytize some, lymphocytes destroy some by immune defenses. "Medulla" is the inner collecting area. Efferent (exiting) vessel leaves at the "hilus.
  • 18. Lymph nodes of clinical importance have been put under 5 main groups : ? Cervical groups ? Axillary groups ? Inguinal groups : >Iliac ? Trachiobronchial ? Aortic
  • 20. CERVICAL GROUPS ?Right & left groups each divided into: horizontal (circular) and vertical ? The horizontal group include: ? sub-mental ? sub-mandibular ? parotid ? pre-auricular ? post-auricular ? occipital
  • 21. CONT´ ? The vertical group include: ? superficial (along external jugular vein) ? deep (along internal jugular vein) ? Pre-laryngeal ? Pre-tracheal ? Para-tracheal
  • 22. AXILLARY GROUPS ? Right & left groups ? each divided into 5 groups: ? Anterior (pectoral) ? posterior (sub-scapular) ? medial (along chest wall) ? lateral ? central
  • 24. ? Horizontal group lies along the inguinal ligament (both above and over) ? Vertical group is beside the great saphenous vein in the proximal thigh. ? Iliac nodes : above and deep to inguinal ligament Inguinal groups
  • 26. ? The human body has two small groups which are : ? Epitrochlear lymph nodes . ? Popliteal lymph nodes : these nodes are located posterior to the knee joint .
  • 27. 3 cm proximal to the medial humeral epicondyle, in the groove between the biceps and triceps brachii. Epitrochlear nodes
  • 28. LYMPH NODES FUNCTION ? Help protect the body by removing foreign material (bacteria and tumor cells). ? Protect the body by producing lymphocytes. ? Filter lymph fluid to trap foreign