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Anatomy of mammary gland presentation by Dr Ela kinra

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Anatomy of Mammary Gland

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BREAST/ MAMMARY GLAND Dr. Ela kinra Department of anatomy
Modified sweat gland present in the superficial fascia of pectoral region. ? Found in both sexes, but is rudimentary in the male. ? Well developed in the female after puberty. ? An important accessory organ of the female reproductive system ? Provides nutrition to the newborn in the form of milk.
EXTENT 1. Vertically it extends from 2nd rib -6th ribs. 2. Horizontally it extends from lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line. RELATIONS Pectoral fascia- deep fascia covering the anterior aspect of pectoralis major muscle. Three muscles- deeper to this parts of three muscles pectoralis major, serratus anterior and external oblique muscle of abdomen.
Anatomy of mammary gland presentation by Dr Ela kinra
LOCATION Breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region. Divided into four quadrants i.e. upper medial, upper lateral,lower medial ,lower lateral. A small extension of upper lateral quadrant is called the axillary tail of spence, passes through an opening in deep fascia and lies in the axilla. The opening is called FORAMEN OF LANGER.
STRUCTURE The mammary gland consists of following components- 1. Skin 2. Stroma 3. Parenchyma/ glandular tissue/ mammary gland proper. ? Skin covers gland & presents a conical projection - nipple, which is pierced by 15-20 lactiferous ducts. Skin surrounding base of nipple is pigmented & presents a circular area - areola. ? Parenchyma is made of glandular tissue which secretes milk. ? Gland consists of 15-20 lobes. Each lobe is a cluster of alveoli, & is drained by a lactiferous duct. Lactiferous ducts converge towards nipple & open on it. Near its termination each duct has a dilatation called lactiferous sinus
Stroma consist of connective tissue and fat. ? Forms supportive framework of breast. ? Connective tissue condenses to form fibrous strands/septa called suspensory ligaments of cooper. RETROMAMMARY SPACE Space filled with loose connective tissue between breast and pectoral fascia.
ARTERIAL SUPPLY ? Internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian artery) through its perforating branches which pierce the 2nd 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces. ? Axillary artery, through its lateral thoracic, superior thoracic and acromiothoracic branches. ? Posterior intercostal arteries through their lateral branches.
VENOUS DRAINAGE ? Axillary vein ? Internal thoracic vein ? Posterior inercostal vein Veins converge at the base of the nipple, forming a venous circle. Superficial veins drain into the internal thoracic vein and lower neck veins. Deep veins drain into the axillary and posterior intercostal veins.
NERVE SUPPLY ?Supplied by the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th to 6th intercostal nerves. ? These nerves provide sensory fibers to the skin and autonomic fibers to smooth muscle and blood vessels. ? Nerve fibers do not control milk secretion; prolactin, a hormone from the anterior pituitary, regulates milk secretion.
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE ? - Lymphatic drainage is critical in breast cancer as it spreads via lymphatics to regional lymph nodes.Lymph nodes involved include: ? Axillary lymph nodes, primarily the anterior (pectoral) group, but also the posterior, lateral, central, and apical groups. ? Anterior thoracic (parasternal) nodes near internal mammary vessels. ? Some lymph also drains into the supraclavicular, cephalic (deltopectoral), posterior intercostal, subdiaphragmatic, and subperitoneal lymph plexuses.
Lymphatic drainage of breast
LYMPHATIC VESSELS 1. Superficial Lymphatics ? Drain the skin over the breast, excluding the nipple and areola. ? Lymph travels radially to surrounding lymph nodes: Axillary Anterior thoracic Supraclavicular Cephalic ? 2. Deep Lymphatics ? Drain the breast parenchyma, nipple, and areola.
CLINICAL ANATOMY ? Breast cancer (carcinoma of breast)- it is one of the most common cancers in the females, arises from the epithelial cells of the lactiferous ducts. ? 60% cases in upper lateral quadrant ? Commonly affects females b/w 40-60 years of age. ? Obstruction of superficial lymph vessels by cancer cells may produce oedema of the skin giving rise to an appearance like that of the skin of an orange (peau d orange appearance)
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Anatomy of mammary gland presentation by Dr Ela kinra

  • 1. BREAST/ MAMMARY GLAND Dr. Ela kinra Department of anatomy
  • 2. Modified sweat gland present in the superficial fascia of pectoral region. ? Found in both sexes, but is rudimentary in the male. ? Well developed in the female after puberty. ? An important accessory organ of the female reproductive system ? Provides nutrition to the newborn in the form of milk.
  • 3. EXTENT 1. Vertically it extends from 2nd rib -6th ribs. 2. Horizontally it extends from lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line. RELATIONS Pectoral fascia- deep fascia covering the anterior aspect of pectoralis major muscle. Three muscles- deeper to this parts of three muscles pectoralis major, serratus anterior and external oblique muscle of abdomen.
  • 5. LOCATION Breast lies in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region. Divided into four quadrants i.e. upper medial, upper lateral,lower medial ,lower lateral. A small extension of upper lateral quadrant is called the axillary tail of spence, passes through an opening in deep fascia and lies in the axilla. The opening is called FORAMEN OF LANGER.
  • 6. STRUCTURE The mammary gland consists of following components- 1. Skin 2. Stroma 3. Parenchyma/ glandular tissue/ mammary gland proper. ? Skin covers gland & presents a conical projection - nipple, which is pierced by 15-20 lactiferous ducts. Skin surrounding base of nipple is pigmented & presents a circular area - areola. ? Parenchyma is made of glandular tissue which secretes milk. ? Gland consists of 15-20 lobes. Each lobe is a cluster of alveoli, & is drained by a lactiferous duct. Lactiferous ducts converge towards nipple & open on it. Near its termination each duct has a dilatation called lactiferous sinus
  • 7. Stroma consist of connective tissue and fat. ? Forms supportive framework of breast. ? Connective tissue condenses to form fibrous strands/septa called suspensory ligaments of cooper. RETROMAMMARY SPACE Space filled with loose connective tissue between breast and pectoral fascia.
  • 8. ARTERIAL SUPPLY ? Internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian artery) through its perforating branches which pierce the 2nd 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces. ? Axillary artery, through its lateral thoracic, superior thoracic and acromiothoracic branches. ? Posterior intercostal arteries through their lateral branches.
  • 9. VENOUS DRAINAGE ? Axillary vein ? Internal thoracic vein ? Posterior inercostal vein Veins converge at the base of the nipple, forming a venous circle. Superficial veins drain into the internal thoracic vein and lower neck veins. Deep veins drain into the axillary and posterior intercostal veins.
  • 10. NERVE SUPPLY ?Supplied by the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th to 6th intercostal nerves. ? These nerves provide sensory fibers to the skin and autonomic fibers to smooth muscle and blood vessels. ? Nerve fibers do not control milk secretion; prolactin, a hormone from the anterior pituitary, regulates milk secretion.
  • 11. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE ? - Lymphatic drainage is critical in breast cancer as it spreads via lymphatics to regional lymph nodes.Lymph nodes involved include: ? Axillary lymph nodes, primarily the anterior (pectoral) group, but also the posterior, lateral, central, and apical groups. ? Anterior thoracic (parasternal) nodes near internal mammary vessels. ? Some lymph also drains into the supraclavicular, cephalic (deltopectoral), posterior intercostal, subdiaphragmatic, and subperitoneal lymph plexuses.
  • 13. LYMPHATIC VESSELS 1. Superficial Lymphatics ? Drain the skin over the breast, excluding the nipple and areola. ? Lymph travels radially to surrounding lymph nodes: Axillary Anterior thoracic Supraclavicular Cephalic ? 2. Deep Lymphatics ? Drain the breast parenchyma, nipple, and areola.
  • 14. CLINICAL ANATOMY ? Breast cancer (carcinoma of breast)- it is one of the most common cancers in the females, arises from the epithelial cells of the lactiferous ducts. ? 60% cases in upper lateral quadrant ? Commonly affects females b/w 40-60 years of age. ? Obstruction of superficial lymph vessels by cancer cells may produce oedema of the skin giving rise to an appearance like that of the skin of an orange (peau d orange appearance)