anatomy of spleen
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The spleen is a hematopoietic organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It filters blood and fights infections. The spleen develops from mesenchymal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium and has dimensions of approximately 12x7x3 cm and a weight of 150 grams in adults. It receives a blood supply from the splenic artery and drains into the portal vein system. The spleen can be surgically removed (splenectomy) in cases of trauma or certain blood disorders.
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anatomy of spleen
- 2. INTRODUCTION It is a haemo-lymph organ and belongs to reticulo-endothelial system. 2nd lymphoid organ Pleural cavity separates spleen and diaphragm from the rib.
- 3. FUNCTIONS Spleen forms parts of the reticuloendotelial system. Main function is hematopoiesis in fetal life and in adults with reutilization of iron from hemoglobin of destroyed red blood cells. Its has red and the white pulp, which are separated by the marginal sinus.
- 4. Red pulp composed sinuses, splenic cord and marginal zone and main function to filter red blood cells and reserve monocytes. White pulp is composed of malpighian corpuscles and help in active immune response.
- 5. Development Develops from mesenchymal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium during the fifth week of gestation.
- 6. Number of nodules develop which soon fuse to form a lobulated spleen. Notching of superior border of adult spleen is evidence of its multiple origin. These nodules which fail to fuse,form accessory spleens.
- 7. ACCESSORY SPLEENS/ SPLENUNCULI These may be found:- In derivatives of dorsal mesogastrium. In broad ligament of uterus. In the spermatic cord.
- 8. POSITION OF SPLEEN Lies between fundus of stomach and diaphragm. Lies in lt hypochondrium and epigastrium. Extends in between 9th to 11th ribs.
- 9. Axis of spleen is directed downwards, forwards and laterally. Axis lies along the 10th rib.
- 10. MEASURMENTS OF SPLEEN Length-12 cm(5 inch) Breadth-7cm(3 inch) Thickness-3cm (1inch) Weight-150gm(7 oz) HARRIRS DICTUM OF ODD NUMBERS ON SPLEEN:1,3,5,7,9,11 1inches in thikness,3 inches in breadth,5 inches in length,7oz in weight,9-11 ribs of left side against which spleen rest.
- 11. 7cm 12 cm 3 4 cm 150 gr. (80 -300 gr).
- 12. The peritoneum covering the spleen, except in the hilum.
- 13. EXTERNAL FEATURES The spleen has :- Two ends Three borders Two surfaces Two angles Hilum
- 14. TWO ENDS The anterior or lateral end:-it is expanded or more like a border.it is directed downwards ,forwards and reaches mid axillary line. The posterior or medial end:- it is rounded and directed upwards backwards, medially,and rest on upper pole of left kidney.
- 15. TWO BORDERS Superior border :- presents one or two notches near anterior end. Notches indicate spleen is lobulated in development. Inferior border:- it is rounded
- 16. SURFACES:-TWO
- 17. SURFACES DIAPHRAGMATIC :- This surface is convex and smooth. IT IS RELATED TO:- A) Diaphragm B) Lt lung & lts pleura C) Costodiaphragmatic recess d) 9th, 10th & 11th ribs of left side.
- 18. VISCERAL SURFACE:- It is concave and irregular. IT IS RELATED TO:- FUNDUS OF STOMACH ANTERIOR SURFACE OF LEFT KIDNEY THE SPLENIC FLEXURE OF COLON TAIL OF PANCREAS
- 19. IMPRESSIONS ON VISCERAL SURFACE Gastric impression Renal impression Colic impression Pancreatic impression (Tail)
- 21. CLINICAL ANGLE OF SPLEEN Anterior basal angle: Junction of superior border with lateral end. Lies in 9th intercostal space behind left mid-axillary line. First palpable in splenomegaly.
- 22. POSTEROBASAL ANGLE:-Lies at junction of inferior border with lateral or anterior end of spleen.
- 23. Ligaments Lieno-phrenic Phrenico-colic Gastro-splenic Lieno-renal
- 25. LIGAMENTS A) Gastro-splenic: Connects fundus of stomach to anterior lip of hilum of spleen Contains short gastric & lt gastro-epiploic vessels. B) Lienorenal: Connects ant surface of lt kidney with posterior lip of hilum of spleen Contains tail of pancrease, splenic vessels & nerve.
- 26. LIGAMENTS Lieno-phrenic: Suspensory ligament of spleen Phrenico-colic: Sustentaculum lienis(supports the spleen from below). Peritoneal fold extending from lt colic flexure to diaphragm
- 27. Blood Supply The tortuous splenic artery arises from the coeliac trunk and runs along the upper border of the body and tail of the pancreas, to which it gives small branches. The short gastric and left gastroepiploic branches pass between the layers of the gastrosplenic ligament. The main splenic artery generally divides into superior and inferior branches, which, in turn, subdivide into several segmental branches.
- 29. VENOUS DRAINAGE Splenic Vein: Drains into portal vein.
- 31. NERVE SUPPLY It is predominentaly supplied by the sympathetics from coeliac plexus.The fibers supply the blood vessels and smooth muscle of trabeculae
- 32. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Spleen is undercover of thoracic cage and is not palpable Splenomegaly : enlarged spleen due to cancer, specifically blood-based leukemia. Asplenia : where the spleen is not present. Hyposplenia: reduce splenic functions..
- 34. SPLENECTOMY Spleen is particularly liable to rupture in falls and automobile accidents and bleeding from it is difficult to control and Splenectomy should be done. A splenectomy is a surgical procedure that partially or completely removes the spleen.
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