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Ancient Indus

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Ethan

The ancient Indus civilization flourished along the Indus River valley from 2500 BCE to 1500 BCE. At its height, over 500 cities and settlements extended over 1,000 miles. The Indus cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were well-planned with gridded streets and advanced water and drainage systems. The Indus civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a literate population, though its writing remains undeciphered. The civilization declined rapidly around 1500 BCE, possibly due to flooding, drought, or invasion.

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Ancient Indus
Chronological Context 2500 BCE: Harappans settle in the Indus. 2300 BCE: Cultural exchange between Indus and Mesopotamia. 1500 BCE: Marked decline in civilization. 1200 BCE: Aryans take over the Indus Valley.
Geography 1,000 miles from Himalayas to the Indian Ocean (2x the size of Mesopotamia). Indus and monsoons unstable.
Economic Organization Agriculture: Barley, wheat, peas, melon, dates. Fishing and domesticaetd animals. Cotton: Dyes. Cloth. Building: Kilns, mud, bricks, and mounds. Granary/Trade.
Political Organization Planned Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro – twin capitals? Grids, right angles, and blocks. Structures: 2 stories. Courtyard. No windows! Plumbing. Citadel.
Social/Cultural Organization Religion: Great Bath? Unable to decipher writing. Polytheistic and female gods? Royalty? Lapus lazuli. Weapons – stone, bronze, and copper. Soapstone seals: Necklazes and bracelets with names, titles, trades?
Collapse? Natural resources? No trees? Flooding and wind. Invasions? Unburied skeletons with injuries.

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Ancient Indus

  • 2. Chronological Context 2500 BCE: Harappans settle in the Indus. 2300 BCE: Cultural exchange between Indus and Mesopotamia. 1500 BCE: Marked decline in civilization. 1200 BCE: Aryans take over the Indus Valley.
  • 3. Geography 1,000 miles from Himalayas to the Indian Ocean (2x the size of Mesopotamia). Indus and monsoons unstable.
  • 4. Economic Organization Agriculture: Barley, wheat, peas, melon, dates. Fishing and domesticaetd animals. Cotton: Dyes. Cloth. Building: Kilns, mud, bricks, and mounds. Granary/Trade.
  • 5. Political Organization Planned Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro – twin capitals? Grids, right angles, and blocks. Structures: 2 stories. Courtyard. No windows! Plumbing. Citadel.
  • 6. Social/Cultural Organization Religion: Great Bath? Unable to decipher writing. Polytheistic and female gods? Royalty? Lapus lazuli. Weapons – stone, bronze, and copper. Soapstone seals: Necklazes and bracelets with names, titles, trades?
  • 7. Collapse? Natural resources? No trees? Flooding and wind. Invasions? Unburied skeletons with injuries.