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Anemia presentation

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Praneeth Madusanka
Praneeth Madusanka

This document discusses anemia, including its definition, mechanisms, diagnosis, and symptoms. It provides normal hemoglobin and red blood cell count ranges. Diagnosing anemia involves taking a thorough history including diet, medications, surgery, menstruation, smoking, drinking, and family history. A physical exam evaluates the conjunctiva, cardiovascular system, liver, and spleen for signs of paleness or bleeding. Common symptoms of anemia include fatigue, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, difficulty concentrating, brittle nails and hair, and pale skin.

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Definition: Reduced Hemoglobin concentration in blood lower than the normal level, relative to the age, sex, race, and physiological status.
The importance of history taking and clinical examination in diagnosing anemia
Normal range for Hb and RBC Hb (g/L) Males : RBC (10^12/L) 120 160g/L 4.0-5.5 Females: 110 150 3.5 5.5 Neonates: 170 200 6.0 - 7.0
General Mechanisms 1.RBC loss without RBC destruction 2.Deficient RBC production: Bone Marrow Failure 3.Increased RBC over destruction : Hemolysis
History taking: It is the process of gathering information from the patient. Ask the patients address? Age? What type of work the patient does? Previous illnesses? The presenting complaint?
Diagnosis of Anemia Diet : Tea/ coffee intake? Chelating agents. Vegetarian or lack of leafy greens? Intake of folic acid effect growth rate Iron intake effects hemoglobin levels. Pregnant? Dividing nutrients between two people.
Surgical history : What surgeries have been performed? Surgeries cause lots of blood loss. Surgery cutting the ileum. Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency occurs after surgeries. Essential in RBC metabolism.
Blood : Menstruation, chronic bleeding, blood donation, concealed bleeding hemorrhage can cause more iron deficiency
Drug History: NSAIDS ex: Aspirin, Corticosteroids, Warfarin Family History : Hemolytic anemia, Pernicious anemia, Sickle cell disease. Social History : Alcohol intake? Smoker? Both increase the stomach acidity which can irritate a peptic ulcers which cause internal bleeding.
Physical Examination Evaluate conjunctiva and mucous membranes for paleness Cardiovascular system for murmur Liver Spleen Look for jaundice or purpura
Anemia presentation
Anemia presentation
Symptoms Easy fatigue and loss of energy Rapid heart beat, Shortness of breath and headache Difficulty concentrating
Brittle nails Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) Angular stomatitis Brittle hair Glossitis, Atrophy of paillae of the tongue
Dizziness Pale skin Leg cramps
Special thanks to Dr. K. D. Mahinda

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Anemia presentation

  • 1. Definition: Reduced Hemoglobin concentration in blood lower than the normal level, relative to the age, sex, race, and physiological status.
  • 2. The importance of history taking and clinical examination in diagnosing anemia
  • 3. Normal range for Hb and RBC Hb (g/L) Males : RBC (10^12/L) 120 160g/L 4.0-5.5 Females: 110 150 3.5 5.5 Neonates: 170 200 6.0 - 7.0
  • 4. General Mechanisms 1.RBC loss without RBC destruction 2.Deficient RBC production: Bone Marrow Failure 3.Increased RBC over destruction : Hemolysis
  • 5. History taking: It is the process of gathering information from the patient. Ask the patients address? Age? What type of work the patient does? Previous illnesses? The presenting complaint?
  • 6. Diagnosis of Anemia Diet : Tea/ coffee intake? Chelating agents. Vegetarian or lack of leafy greens? Intake of folic acid effect growth rate Iron intake effects hemoglobin levels. Pregnant? Dividing nutrients between two people.
  • 7. Surgical history : What surgeries have been performed? Surgeries cause lots of blood loss. Surgery cutting the ileum. Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency occurs after surgeries. Essential in RBC metabolism.
  • 8. Blood : Menstruation, chronic bleeding, blood donation, concealed bleeding hemorrhage can cause more iron deficiency
  • 9. Drug History: NSAIDS ex: Aspirin, Corticosteroids, Warfarin Family History : Hemolytic anemia, Pernicious anemia, Sickle cell disease. Social History : Alcohol intake? Smoker? Both increase the stomach acidity which can irritate a peptic ulcers which cause internal bleeding.
  • 10. Physical Examination Evaluate conjunctiva and mucous membranes for paleness Cardiovascular system for murmur Liver Spleen Look for jaundice or purpura
  • 13. Symptoms Easy fatigue and loss of energy Rapid heart beat, Shortness of breath and headache Difficulty concentrating
  • 14. Brittle nails Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) Angular stomatitis Brittle hair Glossitis, Atrophy of paillae of the tongue
  • 16. Special thanks to Dr. K. D. Mahinda