Animation 14: Computer Science and Music
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The document discusses the intersection of computer science and music, emphasizing how both fields utilize feature extraction for sound analysis. It provides insight into digital audio encoding, including concepts like lossy encoding and the importance of data compression. Additionally, it highlights the personal interests of the author, Sean Bechhofer, a computer scientist at the University of Manchester.
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Overview
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? Overall Reaction
Pyruvate
+
CoA-SH
+
NAD
+
¡ú
Acetyl-CoA
+
CO
2
+
NADH
+
H
+
Pyruvate+CoA-SH+NAD
+
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2
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+NADH+H
+
? Structure of PDC
PDC consists of three core enzymes (E1, E2, E3) and requires five cofactors.
? Enzymes
E1: Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Removes CO? from pyruvate (decarboxylation)
Requires TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate)
E2: Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
Transfers acetyl group to CoA
Requires lipoic acid and Coenzyme A
E3: Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
Regenerates lipoic acid
Requires FAD and NAD?
? Cofactors Needed
TPP (Vitamin B1)
Lipoic acid
Coenzyme A (Vitamin B5 derivative)
FAD (Vitamin B2)
NAD? (Vitamin B3)
?? Regulation of PDC
? Allosteric/Feedback Regulation
Inhibited by: Acetyl-CoA, NADH, ATP
Activated by: Pyruvate, CoA, NAD?, ADP
? Covalent Modification
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase: phosphorylates ¡ú inactivates E1
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase: dephosphorylates ¡ú activates E1
Calcium ions (Ca??) activate phosphatase ¡ú important in muscle contraction
? Clinical Significance
? Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Leads to lactic acidosis and neurological defects
Pyruvate accumulates and gets converted to lactate
Most common congenital lactic acidosis cause
? Arsenic Poisoning
Arsenite binds to lipoic acid, inhibiting PDC and ¦Á-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, garlic breath, CNS effects
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Animation 14: Computer Science and Music
- 1. Computer Science & Music Sean Bechhofer University of Manchester ! @seanbechhofer ! Animation 14 Awards Day,July 2014
- 2. Computer Science isn't just about Computers
- 9. Track 1
- 11. Track 2
- 16. Cool! How does it work?
- 18. Tall 48
- 19. 48 Scottish Tall
- 26. These features allow us to identify people. We can do the same with sound or music
- 27. Feature Extraction We can analyse a piece of music to ?nd out what sounds are happening at different times ! Low frequencies: e.g.Bass Mid frequencies: e.g.Vocals High frequencies: e.g.Cymbals This gives us a Spectrogram
- 31. Signature
- 34. mp3?
- 35. ¡°Motion Picture Experts Group Phase 1 Audio Layer III¡± Let's stick with mp3...
- 36. Sound = Waves
- 37. Turning waves into numbers -4,0,4,7,6,3,0,-1,1,3,4,3,-1,-5,-8,-7,-5,-1,0,-2,-4,-5,-4
- 38. Numbers! 0000000 49 44 33 03 00 00 00 04 1b 55 54 4c 45 4e 00 00! 0000010 00 0f 40 00 01 ff fe 33 00 30 00 35 00 30 00 31! 0000020 00 33 00 41 50 49 43 00 01 02 9e 00 00 00 69 6d! 0000030 61 67 65 2f 6a 70 65 67 00 03 00 ff d8 ff e0 00! 0000040 10 4a 46 49 46 00 01 01 00 00 01 00 01 00 00 ff! 0000050 db 00 43 00 05 03 04 04 04 03 05 04 04 04 05 05! 0000060 05 06 07 0c 08 07 07 07 07 0f 0b 0b 09 0c 11 0f! 0000070 12 12 11 0f 11 11 13 16 1c 17 13 14 1a 15 11 11! 0000080 18 21 18 1a 1d 1d 1f 1f 1f 13 17 22 24 22 1e 24! 0000090 1c 1e 1f 1e ff db 00 43 01 05 05 05 07 06 07 0e! 00000a0 08 08 0e 1e 14 11 14 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e!
- 39. Lots of Numbers! Over 44,000 samples per second for high quality audio That's 31.5 MB for a 3-minute song Only 250 songs on an 8Gb music player.
- 41. Lots of Numbers! Over 44,000 samples per second for high quality audio That's 31.5 MB for a 3-minute song Only 250 songs on an 8Gb music player.
- 43. High Quality
- 44. Low Quality
- 54. Lossy Encoding My nm s Sn nd m Cmptr Scntst t th nvrsty f Mnchstr. ! lk t ply th gtr.lk t g scb dvng nd shrks r my fvrt nmls. 111 letters
- 55. Lossy Encoding My name is Sean and I'm a Computer Scientist at the University of Manchester. ! I like to play the guitar.I like to go scuba diving and sharks are my favourite animals. 170 letters
- 56. Lossy Encoding Original = 170 letters,New = 111 letters ! 65% smaller! ! Imagine if we had to pay ?1 per letter! !So this is¡°cheaper¡±,but we might need some extra effort to read it
- 57. Lossy Encoding ae i ea a I a oue iei a e Uiei o aee. I ie o a e uia.I ie o o ua ii a a ae aouie aia. 53 letters
- 58. Lossy Encoding My name is Sean and I'm a Computer Scientist at the University of Manchester. ! I like to play the guitar.I like to go scuba diving and sharks are my favourite animals. 170 letters
- 59. Good FastCheap Trade Offs: Pick Any Two!
- 60. Everyday Encoding r u gng to the gig? I <3 daft punk! not if i c u ?rst :-) yeah shld be gr8 me 2! c u l8r lol ;-)
- 61. How high can you hear?
- 62. How high? 1.Everybody stand up! 2.You will hear a tone play. 3.When you can no longer hear the tone,sit down! Thisisanexperiment,notacompetition¡ªno cheating!
- 65. Fewer Numbers 0000000 49 44 33 03 00 00 00 04 1b 55 54 4c 45 4e 00 00! 0000010 00 0f 40 00 01 ff fe 33 00 30 00 35 00 30 00 31! 0000020 00 33 00 41 50 49 43 00 01 02 9e 00 00 00 69 6d! 0000030 61 67 65 2f 6a 70 65 67 00 03 00 ff d8 ff e0 00! 0000040 10 4a 46 49 46 00 01 01 00 00 01 00 01 00 00 ff! 0000050 db 00 43 00 05 03 04 04 04 03 05 04 04 04 05 05! 0000060 05 06 07 0c 08 07 07 07 07 0f 0b 0b 09 0c 11 0f! 0000070 12 12 11 0f 11 11 13 16 1c 17 13 14 1a 15 11 11! 0000080 18 21 18 1a 1d 1d 1f 1f 1f 13 17 22 24 22 1e 24! 0000090 1c 1e 1f 1e ff db 00 43 01 05 05 05 07 06 07 0e! 00000a0 08 08 0e 1e 14 11 14 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e 1e!
- 66. High Quality
- 67. mp3
- 70. ¡°It's hard to make predictions, particularly about the future.¡± Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
- 71. Mark Zuckerberg
- 72. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0 350 700 1050 1400 1230 1056 845 608 360 145 58 12 6 1 Million Monthly users
- 81. If you liked that,you'll like this!
- 82. Listens
- 88. Popularity One Direction Metallica Daft Punk 3.4 million listeners 2.5 million listeners 0.7 million listeners
- 89. Popularity One Direction Metallica Daft Punk 233 million listens 2.5 million listeners 173 million listens 3.4 million listeners 36 million listens 0.7 million listeners ?
- 90. This works for lots of stuff!
- 96. Inside & Outside
- 97. Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci 1503-1505 Louvre Museum
- 98. Who's like me?
- 99. Friends?
- 100. Patterns
- 101. Patterns
- 102. Patterns
- 103. Computer Science isn't just about Computers We can't predict what the impact of new technologies will be Sharks are great! Eat lots of broccoli! Things to Remember
- 105. Image Credits ? Daft Punk: https://www.flickr.com/photos/caesarsebastian/1031975612/ ? Red Army: https://www.flickr.com/photos/patsemchism/345981835 ? Constellation: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ursa_major_constellation_map.png ? Great Wave: Public domain,Katsushika Hokusai ( ï—±±”È) ? Etihad: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:City_Of_Manc_Stadium.jpg ? Hammerhead Shark: https://www.flickr.com/photos/barrypeters/4242623174/ ? Oceanic White Tip: https://www.flickr.com/photos/michaelaston/2062803551 ? Ear: https://www.flickr.com/photos/tbisaacs/3911558890/ ? Fraunhofer: http://www.mp3-history.com/ ? Niels Bohr: http://www.clipartsfree.net/clipart/89-niels-bohr-clipart.html ? Mark Zuckerberg: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-2326586665 ? Cassette Tapes: https://www.flickr.com/photos/cass_ette/4571540478 ? One Direction: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:One_Direction_at_the_Logies_Awards_2012.jpg ? Metallica: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metallica_London_2008-09-15_Kirk_and_James.jpg ? CD Rack: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CD_rack.JPG ? Books: https://www.flickr.com/photos/meeli/2854849909 ? Beans: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_name_sans_nom_beans_feves.jpg ? Video Games: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Videogameretaildisplay.jpg ? Broccoli: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basket_of_broccoli_in_Singapore_market.jpg ? Mona Lisa: Public Domain ? Other Images: Sean Bechhofer