Antebellum America

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The document discusses slavery, sectionalism, and secession in antebellum America. It provides context around political cartoons and speeches that addressed slavery. Key events that increased sectional tensions included the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 which prompted seven southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. Further secessions followed Lincoln's call for troops after the attack on Fort Sumter.

Antebellum America Slavery, Sectionalism, & Secession

Slavery Slavery in the West Northern Abolitionists Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Fugitive Slave Act

Slavery Documents Political Cartoon: “Am I Not A Man And Brother?” Sojourner Truth: “A’n’t I a Woman”, 1851 Political Cartoon: “Couldn’t I Walk Just as Well Without This Load Massa?” Political Cartoon: “The Fruits of Amalgamation”

Slavery Assignment Write a half page discussing the common message of the “Man and Brother” political cartoon and Sojourner Truth’s “A’n’t I a Woman” speech.

Slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 North: Transcontinental Railroad South: Slavery Left to Popular Sovereignty “ Bleeding Kansas” “ Border Ruffians” & Lawrence John Brown Preston Brooks vs. Charles Sumner Dred Scott, 1857

Sectionalism Northerners argued for industrialization and the power of the Federal Government Southerners argued for agriculture (slavery included) and State’s Rights

Sectionalism Presidential Election of 1860 Candidates: Lincoln Wins Republican - Abraham Lincoln Democrat (North)- Stephen Douglas Democrat (South)- John Breckenridge Constitutional Union- John Bell

Sectionalism Assignment Complete the “Sectional Conflicts” worksheet.

Secession 7 States Secede Following the Election “ too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum” Confederate States of America 4 More Secede Following the Attack on Fort Sumter December 1860 January 1861 February 1861 April 1861 May 1861 South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee

Secession Assignment Read the “Secession—Yes or No” documents and complete the chart. Read the “Pair of Presidents” document and write a paragraph contrasting the responses of James Buchanan and Abraham Lincoln to secession.

Resources Hollinshead, Byron. Documents that Shaped the American Nation in A History of US, vol. 11. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Sammis, Kathy. Focus on U.S. History: The Era of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Maine: J Weston Walch, 1997. Waldstreicher, David. A History in Documents: The Struggle Against Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Antebellum America

1. Antebellum America Slavery, Sectionalism, & Secession

2. Slavery Slavery in the West Northern Abolitionists Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Fugitive Slave Act

3. Slavery Documents Political Cartoon: “Am I Not A Man And Brother?” Sojourner Truth: “A’n’t I a Woman”, 1851 Political Cartoon: “Couldn’t I Walk Just as Well Without This Load Massa?” Political Cartoon: “The Fruits of Amalgamation”

4. Slavery Assignment Write a half page discussing the common message of the “Man and Brother” political cartoon and Sojourner Truth’s “A’n’t I a Woman” speech.

5. Slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 North: Transcontinental Railroad South: Slavery Left to Popular Sovereignty “ Bleeding Kansas” “ Border Ruffians” & Lawrence John Brown Preston Brooks vs. Charles Sumner Dred Scott, 1857

6. Sectionalism Northerners argued for industrialization and the power of the Federal Government Southerners argued for agriculture (slavery included) and State’s Rights

7. Sectionalism Presidential Election of 1860 Candidates: Lincoln Wins Republican - Abraham Lincoln Democrat (North)- Stephen Douglas Democrat (South)- John Breckenridge Constitutional Union- John Bell

8. Sectionalism Assignment Complete the “Sectional Conflicts” worksheet.

9. Secession 7 States Secede Following the Election “ too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum” Confederate States of America 4 More Secede Following the Attack on Fort Sumter December 1860 January 1861 February 1861 April 1861 May 1861 South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee

10. Secession Assignment Read the “Secession—Yes or No” documents and complete the chart. Read the “Pair of Presidents” document and write a paragraph contrasting the responses of James Buchanan and Abraham Lincoln to secession.

11. Resources Hollinshead, Byron. Documents that Shaped the American Nation in A History of US, vol. 11. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Sammis, Kathy. Focus on U.S. History: The Era of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Maine: J Weston Walch, 1997. Waldstreicher, David. A History in Documents: The Struggle Against Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Editor's Notes

#3: *Southerners wanted to expand slavery to the western territories. *Northern Abolitionists used propaganda to fight slavery. -Uncle Tom’s Cabin published in 1852 was one form of propaganda used. Its author, Harriett Beecher Stowe hoped it would bring a peaceful end to slavery. Instead, it inflamed Northerners against Southern plantation owners and angered Southerners who claimed that Stowe had given a biased and skewed representation of the slavery system. * Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act, which was used to force escaped slaves back to the South and Slavery was also highly controversial.
#4: See handout
#6: *When the Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was an unconstitutional method for resolving the slavery question in new states, conflict broke out between pro-slavery Southerners and abolitionist Northerners. The conflict was resolved with the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. -The Act promised funds to build a transcontinental railroad through the Northern portion of the country. This attempt to pacify the Northerners angry over the possibility of slavery in new territories played to Northern economic interests. -Southerners were satisfied with the Act’s declaration that members of new states would vote over the slavery question. This decision avoided attacking the South’s economic interests in sustaining slavery and also supported their push for State’s Rights. *Kansas broke out into violence as the two sides attempted to gain a majority in the territory. -“Border ruffians” came poured into Kansas from Missouri voting illegally in favor of slavery in the new state. They used violent methods to achieve their ends like attacking the “free” town of Lawrence. -John Brown retaliated for the attack on Lawrence by leading a group in killing pro-slavery settlers. -When Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave an anti-slavery speech, “The Crime Against Kansas,” on the floor of the US Senate, Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina responded by beating him unconscious with a cane. *The Supreme Court ruled that a slave who had lived with his master in a free-state was not entitled to freedom based on where his master took him
#8: The split in the Democratic Party and the presence of a third-party candidate allowed Lincoln to win by taking advantage of the divide in the votes of his opponents.
#9: See handouts.
#10: *Southern states felt that the election of President Lincoln was an attack on their way of life so they seceded from the Union. - A Northern man said this about South Carolina when they seceded from the Union. - The states that seceded formed their own country: the Confederate States of America.
#11: See handouts.

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Antebellum America

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Editor's Notes