Anticoagulants
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This document discusses the history and uses of anticoagulants. It notes that ancient Greeks and Romans recognized blood loss was associated with weakness and disease. In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that adding sodium citrate to blood prevented clotting, allowing blood to be stored. Later, adding glucose to sodium citrate allowed blood to be stored for transfusions. Anticoagulants are used to prevent unwanted blood clotting in arteries and veins. Common anticoagulants discussed include heparin, citrate, and warfarin. The document outlines the various uses of different anticoagulants both in vitro and in vivo.
Anticoagulants
- 1. ANTICOAGULANTS Dr. MD. SAIDUZZAMAN Lecturer Department of Pathology Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur.
- 2. From ancient times, blood was called living force of the body. Greeks and romans committed suicide by letting out blood Early times, man recognised that loss of blood is associated with weakness and disease Give me Give meblood.. blood..Ha ha ha Ha ha ha
- 3. Albert Hustin and Luis Agote discover that adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent it from Clotting ANTI COAGULATION!!!
- 4. Francis Peyton Rous and J R Turner added glucose to sodium citrate; allowed blood to be STORED for sometime before transfusing BLOOD PRESERVATION!!!
- 5. Why anticoagulants ? Anticoalants are the drugs which are used to prevent unwanted coagulation Blood clots Thrombus Arterial Thrombosis: Adherence of platelets to arterial walls White in color - Often associated with MI, stroke and ischemia
- 6. Why anticoagulants ? Venous Thrombosis: Develops in areas of stagnated blood flow (deep vein thrombosis), Red in color- Associated with Congestive Heart Failure, Cancer, Surgery Thrombus dislodge from arteries and veins and become an embolus Venous emboli can block arterioles in the lung and pulmonary circulation Thromboembolism
- 8. Available Anticoagulants 1. Used in vitro (Outside the body): Citrate, oxalate, EDTA , Heparin, dextran sulphate etc. 2. Used in vivo (inside the body): Dicoumarol,Warfarin, Phenindione. 3. Both in Vitro & in Vivo: Heparin, dextran sulphate etc.
- 10. Paul-Heller double salt mixture Used in: Haematological investigations Biochemical investigations
- 11. 3.8% Na-citrate Used in: ESR (Westergren method) Coagulation test
- 12. EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) Used in: Platelet count
- 13. Heparin Used in: Blood biochemistry Gas analysis Emergency test Osmotic fragility Immunophenotyping
- 15. Potassium oxalate Used in: Biochemical investigations
- 16. Anticoagulants in blood transfusion ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose) CPD (citrate phosphate dextrose) Disodium citrate
- 17. Anticoagulants in Pregnancy Heparin due to it has no teratogenicity
- 18. Chronology of Anticoagulants YEAR PERSON ANTICOAGULANT REMARKS 1916 Rous and Turner Citrate dextrose RT soln 12 days 1943 Loutit and Mollison Acid citrate dextrose pH 5 1957 Gibson Citrate phosphate dextrose Prevents PO4 loss 1957 Gabrio Added nucleotides RBC metabolism 1968 Sheilds CPDA-1 1970 Beutler Additive solutions 1979 Hogman SAG 5 weeks storage 1980 Lovric CP2D (1 bag) + SAG (additive)