Antimicrobial resistance (amr) and iron
Download as pptx, pdf0 likes227 views
Antimicrobial resistance and iron are critical factors in the struggle between bacteria and their host. Bacteria need iron for survival, but the host restricts iron availability as a defense. This competition for iron influences bacteria's ability to mutate, survive, and evolve resistance against the host.
1 of 6
Download to read offline
Ad
Recommended
Curing AIDS, with programming
Curing AIDS, with programmingAndrew Grimm
油
The document discusses the connection between HIV and AIDS, explaining how HIV damages the immune system and leads to death if untreated. It outlines the study of genetic mutations in the virus, including point mutations and recombination, which help HIV evade the immune system and develop drug resistance. The author details the progression of their research methodology, evolving from analyzing hundreds to millions of viral sequences, leading to new insights and ongoing questions about the virus.CAS IB Biology 6.3 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Part 1)
CAS IB Biology 6.3 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Part 1)Ryan Dougherty
油
This document outlines the key concepts relating to defense against infectious disease. It begins by defining different pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. It then describes the three main lines of defense against pathogens: physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, the non-specific immune system including phagocytic leukocytes, and the antigen-specific immune system involving lymphocytes. The roles of phagocytic leukocytes in ingesting pathogens via chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and digestion within lysosomes is also summarized.Copper treat
Copper treatJA Larson
油
This document discusses the history and properties of copper as an antimicrobial agent. It summarizes that copper has been used for thousands of years by ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and American pioneers to purify water and prevent diseases. While copper has been used for a long time, no microorganism has evolved resistance to it. Studies show that copper has potent biocidal effects against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes through damaging cellular components. Copper is also essential for human health. The document reviews several clinical studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of copper-infused fabrics, filters, and socks in reducing microbial growth and treating skin infections.6.3 defense against infectious diseases
6.3 defense against infectious diseaseslucascw
油
The document summarizes the body's primary defenses against infectious disease. The skin and mucous membranes form the first line of defense through physical and chemical barriers. Cuts in the skin are sealed by blood clotting initiated by platelets. Phagocytic white blood cells provide non-specific immunity by ingesting pathogens. Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies in response to antigens that provide long-term immunity. Antibiotics target bacterial rather than viral or eukaryotic cells. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistant bacterial strains.Persister cells sigma
Persister cells sigmamoliPCrest
油
Bacterial persister cells are dormant cells that are tolerant to antibiotics and can lead to chronic or recurrent infections. They are found in biofilms and are thought to be responsible for many chronic infections like those in cystic fibrosis patients. Persister cells are genetically identical to normal bacterial cells but can enter a dormant state that makes them tolerant to antibiotics. This tolerance occurs because antibiotics generally target actively growing cells, while persisters are dormant. Researchers are working to understand persister cells and find new treatments that can eradicate them to combat chronic and recurrent bacterial infections.Copper As A Med Treatment
Copper As A Med TreatmentJA Larson
油
This document summarizes a study on the effects of copper-infused socks. 56 patients with various foot conditions like erythema, burning, itching, and scaling were observed while wearing the copper socks. For erythema, 51 patients improved and 22 resolved completely within an average of 9 days. A follow up study of 22 patients found that 19 maintained improvement or resolution after 36 days on average, while 3 reverted or did not improve. The copper socks showed promising results in reducing common foot conditions.Bacterial persistence
Bacterial persistenceYung-Tsai Chu
油
This document discusses bacterial persistence, where a subpopulation of dormant bacterial cells called persisters can tolerate antibiotic treatment without being killed. Persisters enter a dormant, non-dividing state that makes them tolerant to antibiotics. They were first discovered in 1944 when it was found that penicillin could kill 99% of bacteria but 1% persisted. Current hypotheses suggest persisters form due to toxin-antitoxin modules that inhibit cellular functions. Persistence differs from antibiotic resistance as persisters are still susceptible to antibiotics when returning to an active state. Persisters are important for multi-drug tolerance, biofilm formation, and chronic infections like tuberculosis.Interferons group assignment BY RIZWAN ULLAH
Interferons group assignment BY RIZWAN ULLAHrizwanullah82
油
Interferons are glycoproteins and proteins produced by host cells in response to viral infections and other stimuli that help defend cells against viruses and tumors. There are three main types of interferon - alpha, beta, and gamma - which are produced by different cell types. Interferons work by entering neighboring healthy cells and inducing the production of inhibitory proteins that prevent viral replication within the cell. While antibodies are produced by B cells and act outside cells to directly bind antigens, interferons are released locally by infected cells and act inside cells to induce general antiviral defenses, providing a quicker but more temporary response than antibodies.Haemochromatosis
HaemochromatosisArash Kahrom
油
1) Haemochromatosis is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, most commonly the C282Y mutation, and results in increased absorption of iron from the diet.
2) Clinical manifestations typically occur after age 40 and include fatigue, joint pain, skin hyperpigmentation, and damage to the liver, heart, pancreas and other organs from iron accumulation.
3) Screening is recommended for people with a family history of haemochromatosis using tests of iron levels, and treatment involves regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels in the body and prevent organ damage.Journal of Hereditary Genetics
Journal of Hereditary GeneticsOMICS International
油
The Journal of Hereditary Genetics focuses on the study of hereditary processes and genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations. It aims to publish innovative research and quality articles related to life sciences, including treatment, diagnosis, and genetic engineering. The journal is indexed in several platforms and has a diverse editorial team consisting of experts from leading institutions.Iron overload intro
Iron overload introIllia Izotov
油
Iron plays an important biological role and is necessary for life. It is obtained through natural sources like food but can also come from artificial sources added to food. The main storage for iron in the body is the liver, where it is stored as Fe3+. Females lose iron each month through menstruation so maintaining sufficient iron levels is especially important.Bio brochure
Bio brochureasteinman
油
Hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease caused by a mutation in the HFE gene that results in the body absorbing and storing too much iron. Symptoms include joint pain, fatigue, liver disease, diabetes, and heart abnormalities. Treatment involves removing excess iron through regular blood donations to reduce iron levels to normal. While symptoms can impact daily life, early detection and treatment does not affect lifespan. Research continues on understanding how the HFE gene regulates iron, how iron damages cells, differences in iron storage, and improving testing methods.Hemochromatosis1
Hemochromatosis1MedicineAndHealthUSA
油
The document discusses hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder caused by a mutation in the HFE gene. It describes the case of a 45-year-old man presenting with fatigue and joint pains whose labs show elevated liver enzymes. Testing for the HFE gene mutation could diagnose hereditary hemochromatosis. The document then covers the genetics, presentation, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of hemochromatosis with regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels and prevent complications. Screening recommendations for hemochromatosis in the general population are mixed.Iron overload in BMT
Iron overload in BMTFiras Rabi
油
The document discusses iron overload in hematopoietic cell transplantation, outlining its causes, effects, and management strategies. It emphasizes the dual nature of ironbeing essential in moderation but toxic in excessand highlights the importance of monitoring iron levels in patients receiving red blood cell transfusions. Various treatment options for iron overload, including phlebotomy and chelation therapy, are reviewed, along with their efficacy and side effects.Hemochromatosis case study
Hemochromatosis case studyEmily Rada
油
A male patient presented with abdominal pain and lack of energy. Tests showed an enlarged liver and spleen, and bronze skin coloring. An iron panel test found elevated iron levels. The patient was diagnosed with hemochromatosis, a condition where the body absorbs too much iron due to a genetic mutation. Treatment involves maintaining a low-iron diet and regular blood donations to reduce the excess stored iron.Iron Overload
Iron OverloadRusting67
油
Haemochromatosis is an iron overload disorder caused by a genetic fault inherited from both parents. It causes too much iron to be absorbed from food, overloading vital organs over time and potentially causing organ damage or death if left untreated. However, early diagnosis through simple blood tests and regular treatment by removing blood can prevent complications and allow people to live a normal, healthy life expectancy.Hemochromatosis liver
Hemochromatosis liverShankar Zanwar
油
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption and storage. It was first described in 1865 and the gene (HFE) was identified in 1996. Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and stored in the liver, heart and pancreas. Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and storage by binding to ferroportin. The HFE protein assists with iron sensing and regulation of hepcidin. Untreated iron overload can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, diabetes and heart disease. Evaluation involves iron studies and genetic testing. Treatment is regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels. Prognosis is good if identified early and treated with phlebotomy. Family screening is important to identify otherHemocromatosiswiye
油
La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad hereditaria en la que se acumula demasiado hierro en el cuerpo. Se almacena en el h鱈gado, coraz坦n y p叩ncreas, lo que puede da単ar estos 坦rganos. El tratamiento principal es eliminar sangre peri坦dicamente para reducir los niveles de hierro.Hemochromatosis
HemochromatosisZaneKaminski
油
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a condition caused by a genetic mutation that leads to high iron levels in the body. If untreated, it can damage organs and even cause death. However, treatment through regular blood removal can completely manage the condition and allow patients to live normal lives. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and affects approximately 1 in 200-300 individuals of Northern European descent.HemocromatosisCentro de salud Torre Ramona
油
Este documento describe la hemochromatosis, una enfermedad gen辿tica que causa una acumulaci坦n excesiva de hierro en el organismo. Se detallan dos tipos principales de hemochromatosis: la hereditaria y la adquirida. La hereditaria es m叩s com炭n y se debe a mutaciones gen辿ticas, mientras que la adquirida puede deberse a transfusiones repetidas de sangre. Los s鱈ntomas incluyen fatiga, problemas hep叩ticos y card鱈acos, y se trata mediante flebotom鱈as y quelantes de hierro.HemocromatosisJose Luis Charles
油
Este documento resume la hemocromatosis, un trastorno hereditario causado por la acumulaci坦n excesiva de hierro en el organismo. Se caracteriza por una deficiencia en la producci坦n de la prote鱈na hepcidina, lo que permite un flujo sin control de hierro al torrente sangu鱈neo desde los enterocitos y macr坦fagos, causando da単o multiorg叩nico. Sus principales manifestaciones incluyen fatiga, hepatomegalia, diabetes y cirrosis hep叩tica. El diagn坦stico se basa en niveles elevados de ferritina y saturaci坦n dehereditary hemochromatosis
hereditary hemochromatosisssn zhd
油
This document discusses hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), an inherited disorder characterized by excessive absorption of dietary iron, which can lead to iron overload. The key points are:
- HH is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, most commonly the C282Y mutation, and results in excessive iron absorption from the diet.
- Left untreated, iron accumulates in organs like the liver, heart and pancreas over many years and can cause organ damage and increased risk of conditions like cirrhosis, diabetes and liver cancer.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated ferritin and transferrin saturation; genetic testing can confirm mutations and help screen at-risk family members; liver biopsy may alsoHereditary Hemochromatosis
Hereditary Hemochromatosislalaj ruchiranga
油
Hereditary hemochromatosis, also known as Celtic Curse or Bronze Diabetes, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in organs. It is most commonly caused by mutations in the HFE gene and results in increased intestinal iron absorption. Symptoms include liver disease, arthritis, diabetes, skin pigmentation changes and heart/endocrine issues. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated iron levels. Treatment is regular phlebotomy to reduce iron stores to normal levels and prevent organ damage. Screening of at-risk family members allows early detection before complications arise.Iron overload
Iron overloadNiveen Daoud
油
1. Iron overload, also known as hemochromatosis, occurs when the body absorbs more iron than it loses, causing excess iron to accumulate and damage organs. It is commonly caused by a genetic disorder or frequent blood transfusions.
2. Hepcidin regulates iron levels in the body. Iron overload results from low hepcidin leading to increased iron absorption in the gut and spleen.
3. Treatment involves regular phlebotomy to remove excess iron from the body. Phlebotomy can prevent organ damage if started early and allows patients to live normally once iron levels are normalized.pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorsShankar Zanwar
油
The document discusses neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), including their epidemiology, histology, classification, molecular pathogenesis, syndromes associated with NETs, and details specific neuroendocrine tumours like insulinomas, gastrinomas, their diagnosis and treatment. NETs originate from neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs and can secrete hormones. Diagnosis and treatment of functional NETs depends on identifying the syndrome caused by hormone secretion and controlling the clinical effects.HemocromatosisMartin Soto Zepeda
油
La hemocromatosis es un trastorno hereditario frecuente causado por la absorci坦n excesiva de hierro. Los s鱈ntomas incluyen fatiga, dolor articular y da単o en 坦rganos como el h鱈gado, p叩ncreas y coraz坦n. El diagn坦stico se basa en niveles altos de hierro y ferritina en sangre y confirmado por una biopsia hep叩tica. El tratamiento consiste en eliminar el exceso de hierro mediante flebotom鱈a repetida.Hemocromatosiskarihemato
油
Este documento describe la historia, genes, mecanismos fisiopatol坦gicos y manifestaciones cl鱈nicas de la hemocromatosis hereditaria. La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad hereditaria causada principalmente por mutaciones en el gen HFE que conducen a una sobrecarga de hierro en los tejidos. Las prote鱈nas como la hepcidina y HFE regulan la absorci坦n de hierro. La sobrecarga de hierro puede causar da単o hep叩tico, diabetes y otras complicaciones si no se trata mediante fotoleucocitosis.ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdf
ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdfKanyakumari Medical Mission Research Center, Muttom
油
Anatomy of the Larynx
Larynx is a cartilaginous structure located in the **anterior neck** at the level of **C3C6 vertebrae**.
* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
* Largest cartilage; forms the **Adams apple (laryngeal prominence)**.
* Composed of two laminae that fuse anteriorly.
2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
* Ring-shaped; **only complete ring** around the airway.
* Located below thyroid cartilage; articulates with thyroid & arytenoid cartilages.
3. **Epiglottis**:
* Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage.
* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
**Paired Cartilages:**
1. **Arytenoid**:
* Pyramid-shaped; sit on top of cricoid.
* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
2. **Corniculate**:
* Small cartilages sitting atop the arytenoids.
3. **Cuneiform**:
* Embedded in the aryepiglottic folds; provide structural support.
**Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx**
> Responsible for controlling **vocal cord movement**.
| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Posterior cricoarytenoid** | Abducts vocal cords (opens glottis) | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Transverse & oblique arytenoids** | Closes the posterior glottis | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Vocalis** | Fine-tunes pitch | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | **Nerve Supply*
* **Motor**:
* All intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid): **Recurrent laryngeal nerve** (branch of vagus nerve).
* Cricothyroid: **External branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* **Sensory**:
* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* Below vocal cords: **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**.
**Blood Supply**
* **Superior laryngeal artery** (branch of superior thyroid artery).
* **Inferior laryngeal artery** (branch of inferior thyroid artery).
**Laryngeal Cavity & Folds**
Divided into 3 regions:
1. **Vestibule** from inlet to vestibular folds (false cords).
2. **Ventricle** between vestibular and vocal folds.
3. **Infraglottic cavity** below vocal cords to trachea.
**Vocal folds (true cords)** involved in sound production.Tuberculosis burden , case finding tools and management .pptx
Tuberculosis burden , case finding tools and management .pptxDr. Anu Marhatta
油
This presentation is for educational purposes only. nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdf
nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdfsiddhikalbande
油
Nanoparticles and liposomes are advanced carriers used for targeted drug delivery.
Nanoparticles enhance drug effectiveness by directing treatment to specific sites.
Liposomes are biocompatible vesicles that enable controlled and sustained drug release.More Related Content
Viewers also liked (19)
Haemochromatosis
HaemochromatosisArash Kahrom
油
1) Haemochromatosis is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, most commonly the C282Y mutation, and results in increased absorption of iron from the diet.
2) Clinical manifestations typically occur after age 40 and include fatigue, joint pain, skin hyperpigmentation, and damage to the liver, heart, pancreas and other organs from iron accumulation.
3) Screening is recommended for people with a family history of haemochromatosis using tests of iron levels, and treatment involves regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels in the body and prevent organ damage.Journal of Hereditary Genetics
Journal of Hereditary GeneticsOMICS International
油
The Journal of Hereditary Genetics focuses on the study of hereditary processes and genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations. It aims to publish innovative research and quality articles related to life sciences, including treatment, diagnosis, and genetic engineering. The journal is indexed in several platforms and has a diverse editorial team consisting of experts from leading institutions.Iron overload intro
Iron overload introIllia Izotov
油
Iron plays an important biological role and is necessary for life. It is obtained through natural sources like food but can also come from artificial sources added to food. The main storage for iron in the body is the liver, where it is stored as Fe3+. Females lose iron each month through menstruation so maintaining sufficient iron levels is especially important.Bio brochure
Bio brochureasteinman
油
Hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease caused by a mutation in the HFE gene that results in the body absorbing and storing too much iron. Symptoms include joint pain, fatigue, liver disease, diabetes, and heart abnormalities. Treatment involves removing excess iron through regular blood donations to reduce iron levels to normal. While symptoms can impact daily life, early detection and treatment does not affect lifespan. Research continues on understanding how the HFE gene regulates iron, how iron damages cells, differences in iron storage, and improving testing methods.Hemochromatosis1
Hemochromatosis1MedicineAndHealthUSA
油
The document discusses hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder caused by a mutation in the HFE gene. It describes the case of a 45-year-old man presenting with fatigue and joint pains whose labs show elevated liver enzymes. Testing for the HFE gene mutation could diagnose hereditary hemochromatosis. The document then covers the genetics, presentation, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of hemochromatosis with regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels and prevent complications. Screening recommendations for hemochromatosis in the general population are mixed.Iron overload in BMT
Iron overload in BMTFiras Rabi
油
The document discusses iron overload in hematopoietic cell transplantation, outlining its causes, effects, and management strategies. It emphasizes the dual nature of ironbeing essential in moderation but toxic in excessand highlights the importance of monitoring iron levels in patients receiving red blood cell transfusions. Various treatment options for iron overload, including phlebotomy and chelation therapy, are reviewed, along with their efficacy and side effects.Hemochromatosis case study
Hemochromatosis case studyEmily Rada
油
A male patient presented with abdominal pain and lack of energy. Tests showed an enlarged liver and spleen, and bronze skin coloring. An iron panel test found elevated iron levels. The patient was diagnosed with hemochromatosis, a condition where the body absorbs too much iron due to a genetic mutation. Treatment involves maintaining a low-iron diet and regular blood donations to reduce the excess stored iron.Iron Overload
Iron OverloadRusting67
油
Haemochromatosis is an iron overload disorder caused by a genetic fault inherited from both parents. It causes too much iron to be absorbed from food, overloading vital organs over time and potentially causing organ damage or death if left untreated. However, early diagnosis through simple blood tests and regular treatment by removing blood can prevent complications and allow people to live a normal, healthy life expectancy.Hemochromatosis liver
Hemochromatosis liverShankar Zanwar
油
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption and storage. It was first described in 1865 and the gene (HFE) was identified in 1996. Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and stored in the liver, heart and pancreas. Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and storage by binding to ferroportin. The HFE protein assists with iron sensing and regulation of hepcidin. Untreated iron overload can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, diabetes and heart disease. Evaluation involves iron studies and genetic testing. Treatment is regular phlebotomy to reduce iron levels. Prognosis is good if identified early and treated with phlebotomy. Family screening is important to identify otherHemocromatosiswiye
油
La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad hereditaria en la que se acumula demasiado hierro en el cuerpo. Se almacena en el h鱈gado, coraz坦n y p叩ncreas, lo que puede da単ar estos 坦rganos. El tratamiento principal es eliminar sangre peri坦dicamente para reducir los niveles de hierro.Hemochromatosis
HemochromatosisZaneKaminski
油
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a condition caused by a genetic mutation that leads to high iron levels in the body. If untreated, it can damage organs and even cause death. However, treatment through regular blood removal can completely manage the condition and allow patients to live normal lives. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and affects approximately 1 in 200-300 individuals of Northern European descent.HemocromatosisCentro de salud Torre Ramona
油
Este documento describe la hemochromatosis, una enfermedad gen辿tica que causa una acumulaci坦n excesiva de hierro en el organismo. Se detallan dos tipos principales de hemochromatosis: la hereditaria y la adquirida. La hereditaria es m叩s com炭n y se debe a mutaciones gen辿ticas, mientras que la adquirida puede deberse a transfusiones repetidas de sangre. Los s鱈ntomas incluyen fatiga, problemas hep叩ticos y card鱈acos, y se trata mediante flebotom鱈as y quelantes de hierro.HemocromatosisJose Luis Charles
油
Este documento resume la hemocromatosis, un trastorno hereditario causado por la acumulaci坦n excesiva de hierro en el organismo. Se caracteriza por una deficiencia en la producci坦n de la prote鱈na hepcidina, lo que permite un flujo sin control de hierro al torrente sangu鱈neo desde los enterocitos y macr坦fagos, causando da単o multiorg叩nico. Sus principales manifestaciones incluyen fatiga, hepatomegalia, diabetes y cirrosis hep叩tica. El diagn坦stico se basa en niveles elevados de ferritina y saturaci坦n dehereditary hemochromatosis
hereditary hemochromatosisssn zhd
油
This document discusses hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), an inherited disorder characterized by excessive absorption of dietary iron, which can lead to iron overload. The key points are:
- HH is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, most commonly the C282Y mutation, and results in excessive iron absorption from the diet.
- Left untreated, iron accumulates in organs like the liver, heart and pancreas over many years and can cause organ damage and increased risk of conditions like cirrhosis, diabetes and liver cancer.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated ferritin and transferrin saturation; genetic testing can confirm mutations and help screen at-risk family members; liver biopsy may alsoHereditary Hemochromatosis
Hereditary Hemochromatosislalaj ruchiranga
油
Hereditary hemochromatosis, also known as Celtic Curse or Bronze Diabetes, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in organs. It is most commonly caused by mutations in the HFE gene and results in increased intestinal iron absorption. Symptoms include liver disease, arthritis, diabetes, skin pigmentation changes and heart/endocrine issues. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated iron levels. Treatment is regular phlebotomy to reduce iron stores to normal levels and prevent organ damage. Screening of at-risk family members allows early detection before complications arise.Iron overload
Iron overloadNiveen Daoud
油
1. Iron overload, also known as hemochromatosis, occurs when the body absorbs more iron than it loses, causing excess iron to accumulate and damage organs. It is commonly caused by a genetic disorder or frequent blood transfusions.
2. Hepcidin regulates iron levels in the body. Iron overload results from low hepcidin leading to increased iron absorption in the gut and spleen.
3. Treatment involves regular phlebotomy to remove excess iron from the body. Phlebotomy can prevent organ damage if started early and allows patients to live normally once iron levels are normalized.pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorsShankar Zanwar
油
The document discusses neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), including their epidemiology, histology, classification, molecular pathogenesis, syndromes associated with NETs, and details specific neuroendocrine tumours like insulinomas, gastrinomas, their diagnosis and treatment. NETs originate from neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs and can secrete hormones. Diagnosis and treatment of functional NETs depends on identifying the syndrome caused by hormone secretion and controlling the clinical effects.HemocromatosisMartin Soto Zepeda
油
La hemocromatosis es un trastorno hereditario frecuente causado por la absorci坦n excesiva de hierro. Los s鱈ntomas incluyen fatiga, dolor articular y da単o en 坦rganos como el h鱈gado, p叩ncreas y coraz坦n. El diagn坦stico se basa en niveles altos de hierro y ferritina en sangre y confirmado por una biopsia hep叩tica. El tratamiento consiste en eliminar el exceso de hierro mediante flebotom鱈a repetida.Hemocromatosiskarihemato
油
Este documento describe la historia, genes, mecanismos fisiopatol坦gicos y manifestaciones cl鱈nicas de la hemocromatosis hereditaria. La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad hereditaria causada principalmente por mutaciones en el gen HFE que conducen a una sobrecarga de hierro en los tejidos. Las prote鱈nas como la hepcidina y HFE regulan la absorci坦n de hierro. La sobrecarga de hierro puede causar da単o hep叩tico, diabetes y otras complicaciones si no se trata mediante fotoleucocitosis.Recently uploaded (20)
ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdf
ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdfKanyakumari Medical Mission Research Center, Muttom
油
Anatomy of the Larynx
Larynx is a cartilaginous structure located in the **anterior neck** at the level of **C3C6 vertebrae**.
* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
* Largest cartilage; forms the **Adams apple (laryngeal prominence)**.
* Composed of two laminae that fuse anteriorly.
2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
* Ring-shaped; **only complete ring** around the airway.
* Located below thyroid cartilage; articulates with thyroid & arytenoid cartilages.
3. **Epiglottis**:
* Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage.
* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
**Paired Cartilages:**
1. **Arytenoid**:
* Pyramid-shaped; sit on top of cricoid.
* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
2. **Corniculate**:
* Small cartilages sitting atop the arytenoids.
3. **Cuneiform**:
* Embedded in the aryepiglottic folds; provide structural support.
**Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx**
> Responsible for controlling **vocal cord movement**.
| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Posterior cricoarytenoid** | Abducts vocal cords (opens glottis) | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Transverse & oblique arytenoids** | Closes the posterior glottis | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Vocalis** | Fine-tunes pitch | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | **Nerve Supply*
* **Motor**:
* All intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid): **Recurrent laryngeal nerve** (branch of vagus nerve).
* Cricothyroid: **External branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* **Sensory**:
* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
* Below vocal cords: **Recurrent laryngeal nerve**.
**Blood Supply**
* **Superior laryngeal artery** (branch of superior thyroid artery).
* **Inferior laryngeal artery** (branch of inferior thyroid artery).
**Laryngeal Cavity & Folds**
Divided into 3 regions:
1. **Vestibule** from inlet to vestibular folds (false cords).
2. **Ventricle** between vestibular and vocal folds.
3. **Infraglottic cavity** below vocal cords to trachea.
**Vocal folds (true cords)** involved in sound production.Tuberculosis burden , case finding tools and management .pptx
Tuberculosis burden , case finding tools and management .pptxDr. Anu Marhatta
油
This presentation is for educational purposes only. nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdf
nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdfsiddhikalbande
油
Nanoparticles and liposomes are advanced carriers used for targeted drug delivery.
Nanoparticles enhance drug effectiveness by directing treatment to specific sites.
Liposomes are biocompatible vesicles that enable controlled and sustained drug release.HEALTH CARE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CAREnawaabaquib
油
This PowerPoint presentation covers Unit II: Health Care Planning and Organization of Health Care at Various Levels in a simple and easy-to-understand format. It explains importance of health planning in India. The PPT also includes the structure of the health care system at central, state, and local levels. It is useful for GNM ,BSc And Msc Nursing students. This presentation is also helpful for exam preparation .Quality by Design Tools in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology
Quality by Design Tools in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology39KomalZaveri
油
In Qbd why risk assessment needed that explained
Design Space and DoE relationship with each other.
Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...
Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...Bhoj Raj Singh
油
An ancient System for holistic health (mental and physical) and wellbeing, is a scientific art of living with harmony (connecting) of mind and body. Although much more ancient than Patanjali, who documented yoga systematically about 2000 years ago, Patanjali is often referred to as the "father of modern yoga."
Yoga postures are commonly depicted in ancient paintings, carvings, and sculptures in almost all civilizations and religions, thus Yoga cant be described as an act of Hinduism. It originated long before any religion on Earth, with the emergence of life on the Planet. All yoga poses are natural, and what is not natural is not yoga; it is油Viyoga.
Besides Vedic Yoga, Hatha, Vinyasa, Ashtanga, Iyengar, Yin, Restorative, Kundalini, Bikram, Sahaj, and Power yoga are some popular types.
Vinyasa油Yoga is the closest form to Vedic Yoga; it is known for its flowing movements, not very rigorous, not too much straining, actions flow with the breath.
Though all yoga may lead to meditation (Dhyan) for your inner upliftment, it is not the same as described in Hinduism for self-liberation.
In Hinduism, different paths of life looking distinct but can be practiced all together, they are: Karma Yoga (selfless action and service), Bhakti Yoga (devotion and love for God or Godly power), Jnana (Gyan) Yoga (gaining knowledge for self-realization through wisdom), Dhyan Yoga (meditation) and Kriya Yoga (optimum utilization of your vital and muscular energy).油
Clinical Signs Overview: PICCKLE Mnemonic
Clinical Signs Overview: PICCKLE MnemonicDr Aman Suresh Tharayil
油
This presentation provides a concise yet comprehensive review of common clinical signs and their diagnostic significance, summarized under the acronym PICCKLE Pallor, Icterus, Clubbing, Cyanosis, Koilonychia, Lymphadenopathy, and Edema. Each condition is defined, followed by key causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, and clinical relevance. The content is tailored for undergraduate and postgraduate students in medicine and pharmacy, as well as early-career clinicians seeking to reinforce their clinical examination skillsELECTROMYOGRAPHY.pptX by GOKULAKRISHNAN.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY.pptX by GOKULAKRISHNAN.GOKULAKRISHNAN JANARTHANAN
油
Electromyography is basically the study of motor unit activity.
In electromyography, the study of the electrical activity of contracting muscle provides information concerning the structure and function of the motor units.
Drug use in Peptic Ulcer_A complete review.pptx
Drug use in Peptic Ulcer_A complete review.pptxBaasir Umair Khattak
油
Open PPT for detail description: Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Peptic ulcer disease refers to mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 5 mm in the stomach or proximal duodenum, caused primarily by an imbalance between gastric acid/pepsin secretion and mucosal defense mechanisms. The most common etiologies include Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic use of NSAIDs, and physiological stress.
Classification of Peptic Ulcers
Based on Location
Gastric Ulcers Occur in the stomach lining.
Duodenal Ulcers Occur in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Based on Etiology
H. pyloriAssociated Ulcers
NSAID-Induced Ulcers
Stress-Related Mucosal Disease (SRMD)
ZollingerEllison Syndrome (gastrinoma-related)
Cushings Ulcer (due to intracranial injury)
Curlings Ulcer (seen in burn patients)
Pharmacological Management
1. Acid Suppression Therapy
Class Examples Mechanism
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Omeprazole, Pantoprazole Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase pump
H2-Receptor Antagonists Ranitidine, Famotidine Block histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion
2. Mucosal Protective Agents
Class Examples Mechanism
Prostaglandin Analogues Misoprostol Increases mucus & bicarbonate; decreases acid; protects mucosa
Mucosal Coating Agents Sucralfate Forms protective barrier over ulcer site
Bismuth Compounds Bismuth subsalicylate Antimicrobial, mucosal protective, and anti-inflammatory
3. Eradication Therapy (for H. pylori)
Combination of:
PPI + Two Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin + clarithromycin OR metronidazole + tetracycline)
Duration: 714 days depending on local guidelines
See BNF regimens above for detailed protocols
4. Cytoprotective/Adjunctive Agents
Class Examples Role in PUD
Somatostatin Analogues Octreotide Used in bleeding ulcers; reduces splanchnic blood flow and gastric secretions
Antacids Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide Neutralize gastric acid; provide symptomatic relief
Non-Pharmacologic Measures
Avoid NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, and spicy foods
Small, frequent meals in symptomatic patients
Stress reduction
Endoscopic therapy in case of bleeding or perforation
Surgical Indications (rarely needed)
Perforated ulcer
Gastric outlet obstruction
Refractory ulcers not responding to medical therapy
Severe bleeding unresponsive to endoscopic management
Summary
Peptic ulcer disease is primarily driven by H. pylori infection and NSAID use, with duodenal ulcers more common than gastric. Treatment is tailored based on etiology and includes acid suppression, H. pylori eradication, and mucosal protection. Advanced cases may require somatostatin analogues for hemorrhage control or surgery for complications. Prostaglandin analogues like misoprostol are especially valuable in preventing NSAID-induced ulcers.Self-Awareness and Self-Care How Professionals Can Avoid Burnout
Self-Awareness and Self-Care How Professionals Can Avoid BurnoutOlaf Kraus de Camargo
油
Closing Keynote at the IV OGLNOPOLSKA KONFERENCJA & WARSZTATY
KomunikAACja, Samoswiadomosc, Seksualnosc
June 13th 14th, 2025
An overview of the definition and presentation of burnout in healthcare workers, strategies to prevent it and to build resilience. The presentation also explores the barriers and enablers to introducing wellness strategies in organizations.Mindfull Midwives: MENTAL WELLBEING OF MIDWIVES FOR BETTER FOR RESPECTFUL MAT...
Mindfull Midwives: MENTAL WELLBEING OF MIDWIVES FOR BETTER FOR RESPECTFUL MAT...LaxmiDeshpande6
油
Midwifery practioners should be mindful while caring of mother at all stages like antenatal, postnatal ,during delivery , care of baby.From Preservation To Regeneration--The Stem Cell Era of Hair Restoration_DrAl...
From Preservation To Regeneration--The Stem Cell Era of Hair Restoration_DrAl...Alan Bauman
油
How can the latest in Regenerative Medicine help those suffering from hair loss? Cell Surgical Conference 2025 featured Dr Alan Bauman as a faculty member once again to discuss all things related to hair loss, hair transplantation and the use of regenerative stem cell therapies for hair restoration. RCC Treatment Innovations in Practice: Preparing for Individualized Patient Care
RCC Treatment Innovations in Practice: Preparing for Individualized Patient CarePVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
Chair, Sumanta Kumar Pal, MD, FASCO, David F. McDermott, MD, and Tian Zhang, MD, MHS, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to renal cell carcinoma for this CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE activity titled RCC Treatment Innovations in Practice: Preparing for Individualized Patient Care. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4brGF4h. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until June 30, 2026.Aspirin powder or Acetyl salicylic acid powder.docx
Aspirin powder or Acetyl salicylic acid powder.docxkopalsharma85
油
pharmacy exercise on aspirin powderAlzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
Co-Chairs, Gloria Chiang, MD, and Ana M. Franceschi, MD, PhD, discuss Alzheimers disease in this CME/AAPA activity titled Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontier in Diagnosis and Treatment. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/43CE1XA. CME/AAPA credit will be available until July 3, 2026.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)Dr. Anu Marhatta
油
This slide is for educational purposes only. INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS.pptx
INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS.pptxEliLawluvi
油
THE DOCUMENT SUMMARIZES THE KEY COMPONENTS OF INTERPRETING FULL BLOOD CUNTProtein Biochemistry (1).pptx by Professor I.H MAINA
Protein Biochemistry (1).pptx by Professor I.H MAINAlegendnasir83
油
A brief insight on introductory biochemistry of proteinsANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdf
ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdfKanyakumari Medical Mission Research Center, Muttom
油
RCC Treatment Innovations in Practice: Preparing for Individualized Patient Care
RCC Treatment Innovations in Practice: Preparing for Individualized Patient CarePVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
Ad
Antimicrobial resistance (amr) and iron
- 1. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and iron Made by Izotov Illia
- 2. What is essential for bacteria's life? The competition for iron is critical in the struggle between bacteria and host The body has potent defense mechanisms to keep iron away from infecting organisms
- 4. Irons influence Shorter lifetime Shorter generation time Easy to fight Higher survival rate against host More variety because of mutations
- 5. What to do?