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Antiseptics and disinfectants

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The document discusses various antiseptics and disinfectants, their characteristics and uses. Antiseptics inhibit or kill microorganisms on living surfaces like skin, while disinfectants work on inanimate objects. Ideal antiseptics/disinfectants are chemically stable, inexpensive, non-staining, active against all pathogens including spores, and have brief exposure times. Common antiseptics/disinfectants mentioned include phenol, cresol, chloroxylenol, iodine, iodophores, chlorine, chlorhexidine, cetrimide, ethanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, boric acid, silver compounds, gentian v

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DR KAMAL OJAH PGT, DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
These are chemical substances which inhibit the growth or kill microorganism on living surfaces such as skin & mucous membrane. ANTISEPTICS
These are chemical substances which inhibit the growth or kill microorganism on inanimate objects such as instruments. DISINFECTANTS
Characteristics of an ideal antiseptics/disinfectants Chemically stable Cheap Nonstaining Cidal, destroying spores as well. Active against all pathogens Require brief time of of exposure Active even in presence of blood, pus, exudates and excreta.
An antiseptics in addition Rapid in action & exert sustained protection. Nonirritating to tissues. Nonabsorbale , produce min. toxicity if absorbed. Nonsensitizing
Earliest used , reference standard Protoplasmic poison Injures tissues & cells at high conc. Denauration of bacterial proteins To disinfect urine , faeces , pus. PHENOL
Methyl derivative of phenol Less damaging to tissues than phenol. 3-10 times more active Use for disinfection of utensils , excreta & for washing hands. CRESOL(Lysol)
Phenol derivative Doesnot coagulate proteins Noncorrosive, nonirritating to skin Commercial 4.8% solution used for surgical antiseptics Skin cream and soap 0.8% Mouth wash 1% CHLOROXYLENOL(Dettol)
Pot. permanganate Purple crystals ,highly water soluble , liberates oxygen Action is slow, high conc. cause burns Used for gargling ,irrigating cavities & wounds Also used to disinfect water in ponds OXIDIZING AGENTS
Liberates nascent oxygen which oxidizes necrotic matter & bacteria. Helps in loosening & removing slough, ear wax HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Iodine Iodophores Chlorine chlorophores HALOGENS
Rapidly acting , broad-spectrum agent. Acts by iodinating and oxidizing microbial protoplasm Use for cuts, degerming skin before surgery. High conc. cause burns. IODINE
Soluble complexes of iodine. Known as povidone iodine. Nonirritating, nontoxic,nonstaining & exerts prolonged grmicidal action. Used on boils, furunculosis, burns ,ulcers , tinea,nonspecific vaginitis, disinfection of endoscope. IODOPHORES
Rapidly acting potent germicide. 0.1-0.25 ppm kills most pathogen in 30 secs. CHLORINE
Chlorinated lime(bleaching powder) Obtained by action of chlorine on lime Use to disinfect drinking water, swimming pools CHLOROPHORES
Sod. Hypochlorite : Powerful disinfectant used in dairies for milk cans. Too irritant to be used as anticeptics except in root canal therapy.
CHLORHEXIDINE Acts by disrupting bacterial cell membrane & denaturation of bacterial proteins. Nonirritant , more active against gram+ve bacteria Used in surgical scrub, neonatal bath, mouth wash & general skin anticeptics. BIGUANIDES
CETRIMIDE: Detergent action Cidal to bacteria Act by altering permeability of cell membrane. Widely use as anticeptics & disinfectant for surgical instruments. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM ANTICEPTICS
ETHANOL: Antiseptic ,cleansing agent at 40-90% conc. Acts by precipitating bacterial proteins. Irritant, should not be applied on mucous membrane, ulcers, open wounds. ALCOHOL
Use for fumigation 37% aqueous solution is called formalin. Protoplasmic poison , denatures protein. Use for preserving dead tissues Use as antiseptics is restricted due to bad odour FORMALDEHYDE
Less pungent, less irritant Broad spectrum activity 2% solution (cidex) use to disinfect surgical instruments & endoscopes. GLUTARALDEHYDE
BORIC ACIDS : Weak antiseptics , bacteriostatic Use for mouth wash , irrigation of eyes , glossitis Vomiting , abdominal pain , diarrhoea on systemic absorption. ACIDS
SILVER COMPOUNDS : Silver sulfadiazine is active against pseudomonas infection. Silver nitrate is highly active against gonococci METTALIC SALTS
Gentian violet : Active against gram +ve bacteria , fungi Use on chronic ulcers , bedsores , furunculosis, ring worm. DYES
ACRIFLAVINE : Active against gram +ve bacteria, gonococci Store in amber colored bottle. Nonirritant Use chronic ulcers and wounds
Antiseptics and disinfectants

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Antiseptics and disinfectants

  • 1. DR KAMAL OJAH PGT, DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
  • 2. These are chemical substances which inhibit the growth or kill microorganism on living surfaces such as skin & mucous membrane. ANTISEPTICS
  • 3. These are chemical substances which inhibit the growth or kill microorganism on inanimate objects such as instruments. DISINFECTANTS
  • 4. Characteristics of an ideal antiseptics/disinfectants Chemically stable Cheap Nonstaining Cidal, destroying spores as well. Active against all pathogens Require brief time of of exposure Active even in presence of blood, pus, exudates and excreta.
  • 5. An antiseptics in addition Rapid in action & exert sustained protection. Nonirritating to tissues. Nonabsorbale , produce min. toxicity if absorbed. Nonsensitizing
  • 6. Earliest used , reference standard Protoplasmic poison Injures tissues & cells at high conc. Denauration of bacterial proteins To disinfect urine , faeces , pus. PHENOL
  • 7. Methyl derivative of phenol Less damaging to tissues than phenol. 3-10 times more active Use for disinfection of utensils , excreta & for washing hands. CRESOL(Lysol)
  • 8. Phenol derivative Doesnot coagulate proteins Noncorrosive, nonirritating to skin Commercial 4.8% solution used for surgical antiseptics Skin cream and soap 0.8% Mouth wash 1% CHLOROXYLENOL(Dettol)
  • 9. Pot. permanganate Purple crystals ,highly water soluble , liberates oxygen Action is slow, high conc. cause burns Used for gargling ,irrigating cavities & wounds Also used to disinfect water in ponds OXIDIZING AGENTS
  • 10. Liberates nascent oxygen which oxidizes necrotic matter & bacteria. Helps in loosening & removing slough, ear wax HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
  • 11. Iodine Iodophores Chlorine chlorophores HALOGENS
  • 12. Rapidly acting , broad-spectrum agent. Acts by iodinating and oxidizing microbial protoplasm Use for cuts, degerming skin before surgery. High conc. cause burns. IODINE
  • 13. Soluble complexes of iodine. Known as povidone iodine. Nonirritating, nontoxic,nonstaining & exerts prolonged grmicidal action. Used on boils, furunculosis, burns ,ulcers , tinea,nonspecific vaginitis, disinfection of endoscope. IODOPHORES
  • 14. Rapidly acting potent germicide. 0.1-0.25 ppm kills most pathogen in 30 secs. CHLORINE
  • 15. Chlorinated lime(bleaching powder) Obtained by action of chlorine on lime Use to disinfect drinking water, swimming pools CHLOROPHORES
  • 16. Sod. Hypochlorite : Powerful disinfectant used in dairies for milk cans. Too irritant to be used as anticeptics except in root canal therapy.
  • 17. CHLORHEXIDINE Acts by disrupting bacterial cell membrane & denaturation of bacterial proteins. Nonirritant , more active against gram+ve bacteria Used in surgical scrub, neonatal bath, mouth wash & general skin anticeptics. BIGUANIDES
  • 18. CETRIMIDE: Detergent action Cidal to bacteria Act by altering permeability of cell membrane. Widely use as anticeptics & disinfectant for surgical instruments. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM ANTICEPTICS
  • 19. ETHANOL: Antiseptic ,cleansing agent at 40-90% conc. Acts by precipitating bacterial proteins. Irritant, should not be applied on mucous membrane, ulcers, open wounds. ALCOHOL
  • 20. Use for fumigation 37% aqueous solution is called formalin. Protoplasmic poison , denatures protein. Use for preserving dead tissues Use as antiseptics is restricted due to bad odour FORMALDEHYDE
  • 21. Less pungent, less irritant Broad spectrum activity 2% solution (cidex) use to disinfect surgical instruments & endoscopes. GLUTARALDEHYDE
  • 22. BORIC ACIDS : Weak antiseptics , bacteriostatic Use for mouth wash , irrigation of eyes , glossitis Vomiting , abdominal pain , diarrhoea on systemic absorption. ACIDS
  • 23. SILVER COMPOUNDS : Silver sulfadiazine is active against pseudomonas infection. Silver nitrate is highly active against gonococci METTALIC SALTS
  • 24. Gentian violet : Active against gram +ve bacteria , fungi Use on chronic ulcers , bedsores , furunculosis, ring worm. DYES
  • 25. ACRIFLAVINE : Active against gram +ve bacteria, gonococci Store in amber colored bottle. Nonirritant Use chronic ulcers and wounds