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24-05-2024 Motivation for life Academy by Dr Khalid B.M 1

ANUMANA

PAKSHA
Sapaksha
vipaksah
Subject or Place
Place where Sadhya is definitely existed
Place were Non Existence absence

SADHYA
Existence or presence of the object which is to be proved on paksa
Ex: Fire on the mountain
Fire is sadhya

HETU
The mean for obtaining the knowledge is hetu
Ex: Dhuma

VYAPTI
Mutual relation between the smoke & fire
Wherever the smoke exists there exists the fire
Relation between hetu & sadhya

DRUSTANTA
The examples which establish the sahacharya
niyama of sadhana & sadhya
Ex: Kitchen

PAKSA DHARMATA
Existence of Hetu on Paksha is called Paksa Dharmata
Ex: existence of smoke on mountain

PARAMARSHA
Knowledge of hetu existing on the paksha by invariable concomitance
Ex: In above statement existence of smoke on the mountain Pakshadharmata.
the Knowledge of Paksha Dharmata associated with Vyapti
The knowledge of kitchen where the existence of fire is already proved by
vyapti

ANUMANA LAKSHANA

ANUMANA TYPES
Based on Prayojana:
1. Swaarthanumana
2. Paraarthaanumana
Based on Karanakarya
1. Purvavat
2. Seshavat
3. Saamanyato drusta
Based on Bhavabhava
1. Kevalaanvayi
2. Kevala vyatireki
3. Anvaya vyatireki

1. Swaarthaanumana

1st Stage: Personal experience about the co-existing nature of dhuma & vani
[vyapti graha]
2nd Stage: Getting doubt of vani on parvata [paksha]
3rd Stage: Seeing dhuma at parvata [pakshadharmatha]
4th Stage: Recollection of co existing nature of vypati gyana dhuma & vanhi
5th Stage: By vypati gyana & paksha dharmata gyana getting inference about the
existence of fire at parvata
6th Stage: Confirmation of anumiti gyana

2. Paraarthaanumana
1. Pratijna:
2. Hetu:
3. Drustanta:
4. Upanayam:
5. Nigamana:

S.NO Name of
components
Example no 1 Example no 2
1 Pratigna
proposition
Fire on mountain Purusha is eternal
2 Hetu
Reasoning
Dhumavat
Presence of smoke on
mountain
Akrutakatwaat-iti
For not producing from
anything
3 Drustanta
Example
Yathaa mahanasam
kitchen
Yathaa aakasha
Akasha is not produced
from anything
4 Upanayana
Convincing
In mahanasa vyapti of
dhuma vahni parvata
also contains dhuma
hence vahni also present
Akaasha is not produced
eternal purusha also not
produced hence it is nitya
5 Nigamana
Conclusion
Concluded that parvata
contain vahni
Purusha is nitya

Based on Karana Karya
1. Purvavat anumana- Inference of the future things
Ex: By seeing clouds future rain can be assed
2. Seshavat anumana: - Inference based on the past things
Ex: By seeing pregnancy the previous indulged in sexual act can be
understood
3. Saamanyato drusta: Inference of the present things
Ex: By seeing Dhuma knowing the Vahni

Based on BhavaAbhava
1.Kevalaanvayi: Vypati of Hetu Sadhya is seen only in Bhava rupa
dravyas
2. Kevala vyatiriki: Vyapti of Hetu Sadhya is Abhava
3. Anvaya vyatireka vyapti: Hetu & Sadhya is both Bhava &
Abhava

HETU

1. PAKSHE SATTWA
Hetu should reside in Paksha, if dhuma is hetu the
paksha is parvata, saadya in vahni

2. SA PAKSHE SATTWA
Hetu should present in sapaksha with drustanta
Ex: presence of dhuma in mahanasa

3. VIPAKSHE ASATTWA:
Absent of hetu in vipaksha
Ex: absence of Jalaashaya[vipaksha]

4. ASAT PRATI PAKSHA
If one hetu proves the existence of the sadhya on paksha, at
the same time another hetu should contradict it.
One hetu proves existence and other hetu at the same time
proves absence of sadhya.

5. ABADHITA VISHAYATWA
Hetu should be in support or favaroble to pramana
Ex: Fire is cold
This is Drusta vruddha, Tarka vruddha
Hetu should not become sadhya vruddha

1.Savyabhichara
2.Viruddha
3.Satpratipaksha
4.Asiddha
5.Baadhita

1.SAVYABHICHARA
If the same exists in more than one place such types of hetwabhsa is
called as savyabhicara

SAVYABHICHARA
1.Sadharana savyabhichara
2.Asadharana savyabhichara
3.Anupasamhari savyabhichara

Hetu should exist in paksha & sapaksha only, but in this hetu
exists in vipaksa also where the sadhya is absent.
Ex: paksha: ayam
Sadhya : pittaja jwara
Hetu: ushna
But ushna is present in all jwara not only in pittaja jwara
1.Sadharana savyabhichara

Hetu is absent both in sapaksa & vipaksa and available only in paksa
Ex: sound is eternal because of soundness
2. Asadharana savyabhichara

Hetu without positive examples or negative example is called
anupasamhari savyabhichari hetwabhsa
Paksha & sapaksha examples will wont found because paksha is nitya
Ex: every thing is non eternal because of knowbility
Sarvam: paksa
Anitya: sadhya
Prameyatwa: hetu
3. Anupasamhari savyabhichara

2. VIRUDDHA
The reason which is contradictory to the thing to be proved is
virudha hetwabhsa
Ex: Horse because of Horns
ayam: paksha
Ashwa: sadya
Visanitwa: hetu
Hetu visanitwa never available in horse

3. SATPRATIPAKSHA
One hetu proves the existence of sadhya at the same time
another hetu opposes it & it proves the non existence of sadhya

4. ASIDDHA
Paksha is non available for hetu it is called asiddha hetwabhasa
1. Asraya asiddha
2. Swarupasiddha
3. vyapyatwasiddha

In this context asraya means paksa, when paksa itself non exisent, in
futile hetu the paksha is absent.
Ex: sky lotus is fragrant, because it is a lotus like a lotus in a lake.
In above statement sky lotus is paksa which is non existant
1.Asraya asiddha

Hetu never exists on paksa
Ex: sound is an attribute because it is visible like colour,
Here hetu visibility never exist on the paksha i.e. sound
2. Swarupasiddha

3. Vyapyatwa asiddha
Vypati is not possible for hetu with upadhi and called as
vyapatwa asiddha
ex: the vyapti of dhuma is negative
��Taptha ayogolam��
The hot iron piece, there is agni but no dhuma

5. BAADHITA
The sadhya is not proved by hetu & its negation is approved by
pramana

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