Anwr
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This document summarizes the debate around drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). It notes that Section 1002 of ANWR is an important habitat for wildlife like caribou and polar bears, and is also important for indigenous peoples. While oil drilling could create jobs and tax revenue, it risks long-term environmental damage by disturbing wildlife habitats and potentially contaminating the area. The document compares this debate to the controversy around damming Hetch Hetchy Valley, noting similarities around development versus preservation but also differences in scale of impacts and resources involved.
Anwr
- 1. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Risk vs. Reward of Oil Drilling
- 3. Section 1002 ? Home to the calving grounds for the declining Porcupine caribou herd ? This herd has migrated here for over 27,000 years ? Over 130 species of birds from seven continents breed and nest in ANWR ? The entire Beaufort Sea population of polar bears den onshore within Section 1002 ? Key birthing and rearing area for a host of other mammals
- 4. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ? The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge ANWR is 19,000,000 acres ? There is 1,500,000 acres located at the northern edge of the ANWR known as area 1002. ? This area is filled with wildlife and native people.
- 5. Cons to drilling ? The ANWR is home to one of the largest caribou herds. ? The Porcupine caribou herd calves in area 1002.
- 7. Who it effects ? Area 1002 is home to several Alaska native groups ? Many of the small villages are located on the shoreline. ? The natives rely on a subsistence life stile.
- 8. Long-term damage ? Oil drilling platforms are in use for many years. ? There will be constant noise and disturbance to the wildlife. ? Soil contamination
- 9. Pros ? Nearly 10.5 billion barrels of oil are thought to lay under area 1002. ? The US imports 10 million barrels of oil per day and produces only 5 million
- 10. Who it improves ? Oil wells create new jobs and opportunity ? Expansion of culture ? Modernization
- 11. Relation to the Hetch Hetchy
- 12. Relation to the Hetch Hetchy Dam Similarities ? Dispute over altering a wilderness/wildlife area or preservation ? Anthropocentrism vs. ecocentrism Hetch Hetchy ANWR
- 13. Relation to the Hetch Hetchy Dam Differences ? Using limited resources vs. preservation as opposed to conservation vs. preservation ? Larger impact on the people and animals in the area ? Extent of Damage
- 14. Conclusions ? Risk vs. Reward ? Past and Future ? ＾Centrisms￣ ? Extent of Damage ? Long-term Benefits vs. Long-term Cost
Editor's Notes
- #5: The area was established in 1960 and is 19,000,000 acres. The prospected oil drilling fields have been classified as area 1002. It is 1,500,000 acres located at the northern edge of the ANWR. This area is filled with wildlife and native people. Area 1002 is covered in controversy to drill or not to drill even today.
- #6: The Porcupine Caribou herd is the second largest herd in Alaska. The calve in the northern region of the ANWR and prefer area 1002 to the surround calving grounds.
- #7: The gray area is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The dotted line marks the boarder of area 1002 and the green dots represent the calving caribou.
- #8: The ANWR is also home to six native Alaskan groups, including Eskimos, Tlingits, and Aleut. These natives survive through traditional hunting and fishing grounds. Drilling in area 1002 can damage the calving grounds and reduce the number of game the native Alaskans can hunt. Also, test drilling off the shoreline creates oil spills and leaks. This is very harmful to marine mammals and fish the local people depend on.
- #9: Oil wells are used in stationary locations for many years until the oil supply runs out. This means there could be few oil wells that will be on sight for as many as 30 years, or many oil wells continuously constructed and town down as the oil is removed. The constant noise and disturbance of these oil wells can disrupt the migratory patterns of the caribou as well and alter their traditional calving grounds. Also, Chevron spent three years and millions of dollars To try and erase their foot print from oil drilling platforms, but were unsuccessful. They tried to reseed the soil to return it back to the way it was, but there was too much degradation to the land to grow anything. It is not as simple as removing equipment and every thing returns to normal.
- #10: Scientist using seismic graphing and ground penetrating radar believe there is any where from 6 to 16 billion barrels located under area 1002. With the US only producing 5 million barrels a day and relying on the importation of 10 million barrels creates a higher cost. If the US could fully produce its own oil supply the cost for domestic fuels could go down, but It would not have much of an effect on global fuel prices.
- #11: The oil wells will create much needed job opportunities for the native Alaskans. The creation of work areas and homes needed to house workers will allow native communities constricted by there natural resources to expand their home range. Also, the increased revenue and technology in the area will help the isolated communities industrialize. This creates a better future for the communities in a modern world.