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Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral
Republik Indonesia
Disampaikan pada Konferensi Nasional APHMET – Fakultas Hukum - Universitas Airlangga
Peran dan Tanggung jawab Komunitas Global
untuk Transisi Energi yang berkeadilan
28 Juni 2022
Sampe L. Purba
Staf Ahli Menteri ESDM Bidang Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam

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Energy Transition as Global Concern
Kyoto Protocol 1997
Climate War – Climate
Action – Decarbonization
[ heavy on nr 13]
Paris Agreement 2015
Jun-22
Sustainable Development Goals

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SDG : In theory and practice
How can the developing countries alleviate
poverty, when there is no level playing field,
and lack of affirmation policy

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Green Economy – Green Energy – Energy Transition
 Green Economy :
UNEP  Low carbon, Resource efficient and socially inclusive
 Sustainable Development Goals (17 goals)
Detailed into targets, events, publication and actions
 No one left behind :
Pro poor – Pro Job – Pro Growth
Green Energy :
- Renewable, Sustainable at no or less carbon dioxide, not harm
to the environment
 Issues of Technology, Price affordability, Competitive Advantage
Jun-22
4

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World wide Implementation
• Kyoto Protocol (adopted 1997 – effective 2005) – UNFCC
Industrialized Countries --> responsible more on GHG emission on
atmosphere
Introducing Market Based Mechanism ( International Emission Trading,
Clean Development Mechanism, Joint Implementation)
- Ruin the genuine intention of ultimate GHG emission reduction
- (one can keep producing CO2, so long as it can afford to offset emission)
 as the objective is to keep world atmosphere cleaner
- The paradox dilemma is :
Developing Countries to limit exploiting its backbone on natural resources,
accumulating its carbon credit, only to be traded to industrialized country
who keep producing high CO2 product at higher price
 How can we lift the poverty and no one left behind ?
Jun-22 5

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Behaviour of the Giants
• Kyoto Protocol 1997
 Under UNFCCC : Industrialized Countries and economies in transition
to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG)
Market Based Mechanism [International Emission Trading, Clean
Development Mechanism, Joint Implementation]
US refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol
• Paris Agreement 2015
Legally binding international treaty on climate change
Limit the global warming to below 2 – 1.5 degree C
Nationally determined Contributions
US under Trump check out from Paris Agreement (the world keep silent)
Joe Biden to rehail the Climate Change ISSUES (THE World Glorifies)
-> mentioning the role of NGO i.e NRGI, EITI
Jun-22 6

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Check the
anomaly :
Some Developed
Countries, has
low commitment
and effort to SDG
while the
developing
countries follows
and obeys the
pathways
Jun-22
• Source : SDG Report 2022

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NEGARA NEGARA INDUSTRI MAJU JUGA TIDAK SERTA MERTA
BERALIH KE RENEWABLE ENERGI
Jun-22 8
Trend, persentasi dan angka menunjukkan penggunaan energi fosil yang tetap masif
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020

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Carbon Credit Mechanism : Solution or Prolonging the imbalances ?
• Issues :
 Fairness allocation of initial GHG emission unit
[type of industry and magnitude of initial
modalities]
 Industrialized countries (under clean development
mechanism) to buy certified emission reduction
from developing countries (non-annex1) under
Kyoto Protocol
 You can keep polluting the nature, so long as you
can buy the credit
 Introducing Carbon tax
 Limitation and restriction of access to market,
green certificate
 Financing limitation and restriction to carbon
emitted activities (such as coal fire power plant)
https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/changementscli
matiques/marche-carbone_en.asp

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Let the data talk : Your Footprint was and is there
 Industrialization and
CO2 Emission
positively correlated
 The Current Global
Heating was gradually
and built up
exponentially
 Who will pay this
greedy imbalances
https://ourworldindata.org/contributed-most-global-co2

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Climate Change Campaign Consciousnesses
History of Climate Change Human Influence on Climate Change
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/52/13288.full.pdf https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/climateqa

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Green House Gas Emission : Source and Consumers
https://www.c2es.org/content/international-emissions/

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Peran Strategis Logam Menuju Net Zero Emission
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Porsi Energi Fosil masih dominan

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How the World Attitudes towards imbalances

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The world needs a just, fair and equitable treatment
Keadilan dan keseimbangan
itu harus diperjuangkan

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Challenge Ahead
• Have We Responded Properly and
appropriate in line with :
 Limited available Resources
 Weaken Purchasing Power
 Short term and long term objective
@Kementerian Keuangan, 2022

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 The multi strike
unprecedented global
challenges :
 Pandemic Covid 19
 Energy and Food
disruption due to war
in Ukraine
A threat of stagflation
To anticipate social
unrest

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The World Order :
The objective remains no change, style does
Old Style Up to WW II
Approach
Cold war style New Order Jargon approach
Slavery Bretton woods system :
Monetary, Commerce, Legal,
standardization  WTO
Climate Change :
War Globalization  Energy Transition  Carbon
neutral
 Green Certificate  Access to
global market
 Green Fund  Say no to fossil
based power generation
 Carbon Trade
 Technology dependence
 Sustainable Development Goals
Colonialism Human rights
Annexation Democratization
Liberation  Arm Race
 New Geopolitical approach
: Supply Chain Security

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Concluding Remarks
Collaboration, Cooperation and alignment to new world value
in the banner of Climate Change is a must
While Sustainable Development Goals put a premium and
noble objective to alleviate poverty, yet not much room
available to change the pattern and portrait of inequality
The justice, should be “who polluted more, should take more
responsibility”, as we share the same world
The young generation is our backbone, so be smart and
excellence

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Sampe Purba – Short Bio
Jun-22
Sampe L. Purba is Senior Advisor to Minister of EMR Indonesia on Economy of Natural
Resources. His main role is to provide strategic advisory on the policy formulation and
management of natural resources, discuss and help solve issues across the concerned
stakeholders and functions. He is also Chair of Committee Audit in Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Resources.
He has been experiencing 30 years assignment with private, semi and government institution in
several technical and managerial positions mainly related to commercial, finance, legal and
audit of oil and gas business management.
He holds bachelor and master degrees in Economics, Accounting, Finance and Law, from some
domestic universities and The University of New South Wales, Australia. He holds a
Management Defense Science Doctoral degree from Indonesia Defense University,
concentrating in Energy Policy and Geostrategy.
Mr. Purba is a member of professional organization, such as IAI, IPA, AIPN, PERADI. In
international organization, he serves as Board member of EITI representing Indonesia as
implementing country and South East Asia region. Recently he is also appointed by the Office
of Australia Prime Minister as one of Panel Experts in Indo-Pacific Clean Energy Supply Chain
Forum.

22
Jun-22
Sampe L. Purba
Doktor Ilmu Pertahanan
Kementerian ESDM
sampepurba123@gmail.com

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