Photostats can be used for making photocopies on special paper. They have a history dating back to woodblock printing in 200 AD, with important developments including the photostat and rectigraph in 1907, screen printing in 1911, and inkjet printing in 1951. Modern applications of photostats include microprinting for anti-counterfeiting, lithium-ion batteries which are still being researched to reduce size and increase conductivity and power, and MEMS technologies which help reduce the risk of batteries catching fire and are used in inkjet printers, car sensors, and digital displays.
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3. history
Woodblock printing 200 AD
Photostat and rectigraph 1907
Screen printing 1911
Spirit duplicator 1923
Dot matrix printing 1925
Xerography 1938
Phototypesetting 1949
Inkjet printing 1951
Dye-sublimation 1957
Laser printing 1969
Thermal printing c. 1972
3D printing 1981
Solid Ink printing 1986
Digital printing 1991
4. Applications
• Micro printing – anti-counterfeiting technique in digital methods.
• In 1934 Albert Boni worked to develop microprint – micro opaque in
which pages were photographed using 35mm microfilm & printed
on cards using offset lithography.
• Li ion batteries ,anode-graphite, still research cathode,electrolye .
• Reducing size in nano battery, higher conductivity.
• Power in both charge and discharge.
5. (contd.)
• MEMS –Microelectrode mechanical systems –reducing the
possibility of batteries catching fire- less flammable.
• MEMS – 1 to 100 micrometers to millimeter
• Electro discharge machining
• Inkjet printers – piezoelectrics
• Accelerometers in modern cars
• MEMS –gyroscopes –news
• Si pressure sensors
• Displays e.g., DMD digital micrometer device