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MODULE II
CRAFTING THE CURRICULUM

LESSON 3

Approaches to Curriculum Desig
Tomasa C. Iringan, Ph.D

Prepared by:
Cindy Leah A. Sorizo

The Six (6) Features of a Curriculum
 Who teaches? –The Teacher
 Who do the teachers teach? – The Learners
 What do the teachers teach? –
Knowledge, Skills, Values
 How do teachers teach? –Strategies & Methods
 How much of the teaching was learned? –
Performance
 With whom do we teach? –Community Partners

Who teaches? –The Teacher
Quality Education requires quality teachers.
Good teachers bring a shining light into the
learning environment. They are ideal companions
of the learners. With the advances in
communication technology, good teachers are
needed to sort out the information from the data that
surround the learners. Good teachers are needed to sort
out the knowledge from the info. but even more important,
excellent teachers are needed to sort the wisdom from the
knowledge. Institutions are as good as its teachers.

Who do the teachers teach? –The Learners

The learners are at the center stage in the
educative process. They are the most important
factors in the learning environment. There is no
teaching without them. Hence, teachers should
understand and accept the learner’s diverse
background. Each one of them is unique
individual.
Considering the domain of diversity of learners
will allow the individual learner to develop his
multiple intelligences at his own pace.

What do the teachers teach? –Knowledge,
Skills, Values

“To help the learners cope with rapid changes to
understand and to succeed in the new work in the
workplace, we must design a curriculum oriented to
tomorrow.” It should be remembered that what students
learn will be obsolete in ten years, and half of what they
need to know to succeed in work and in life has not yet
been fully developed and will have to be learned as they
go along in the future.
The learning episode influences the teaching-learning
process. The teacher is expected to prepare his/syllabus
or a course of study as his vehicle for instruction. There
must be a balance of theory and practice.

How do teachers teach? –Strategies & Methods

Researches show that there is no best strategy
that could work in a million of different student
background and characteristics. However, for
teachers to teach effectively, they must use
appropriate methodologies, approaches and
strategies “capped with compassionate and
winsome nature”. Teachers should select
teaching methods, learning activities and
instructional materials or resources appropriate
to learners and aligned to objectives of the
lesson.

How much of the teaching was learned? –
Performance

When teachers teach, they formulate objectives to be
accomplished by the learners. A curriculum should be
clear at the beginning with what knowledge, skills and
values should be developed by the learners
At the end of the teaching act, it is necessary to find out
if the objectives set were accomplished.
Performance is a feature of a curriculum that should be
given emphasis.
However, if the performance of the learners is low then it
follows that the curriculum has failed. A good curriculum
is one that results in high or excellent performance

With whom do we teach? –Community Partners

Teaching is a collaborative undertaking. While teachers
are the focal point in the learning process, they must
draw upon the resources of their environment and of
their partners to be effective. Teachers must established
relationship with parents, NGO’s and their takeholders.

An absence of partnership often means a poor definition
of education ends. However, as society changes,
teachers will have a new beginning, an opportunity to
recast their role in their communities, to change their
attitude to their communities, to change the attitude of
their communities and societies about them.

Approaches to Curriculum
Design

The common approaches to curriculum
design includes:

 Child or Learner-Centered
Approach
 Subject-Centered Approach
 Problem-centered and human
relation-centered approach

Child or Learner-Centered
Approach
 this approach to curriculum design
isbased on the underlying philosophy that
the child is the center of the educational
proces. It means that the curriculum is
constructed based on the needs, interest,
purposes and abilities of the learners. The
curriculum is also built upon the learner’s
knowledge, skills, learnings and potentials

From its design how should a child-centered be approached?
Let us consider these:
 1) a new respect for the child is
fundamental.
 2) a new freedom of action is provided.
 3) the whole activity is divided into units of
work.
 4) the recognition of the need for using
and exploring many media for self-
discovery and self-direction is embraced.

Subject-Centered
Approach
Anchored on the curriculum design
which prescribes different and separate
subjects into one broad field, this
approach considers the ff. :

 1) the primary focus is the subject matter.
 2) the emphasis is on bits and pieces of
information which are detached from life.
 3) the continuing pursuit of learning
outside the school is not emphasized.
Learning should only take place inside the
classroom.
 4) the subject matter serves as means of
identifying problems in living.

Problem-centered and human
relation-centered approach
 this approach is based on a curriculum
design which assumes that in the process
of living, children experience problems.
Thus, problem solving enables the
learners to become increasingly able to
achieve complete or total development as
individuals.

This approach is characterized by the ff. views and
beliefs:
 1) the learners are capable of directing and
guiding themselves in resolving problems, thus
they become independent learners.
 2) the learners are prepared to assume their
civic responsibilities through direct participation
and different activities.
 3) the curriculum leads the learners in the
recognition of concerns and problems and in
seeking solutions. The learners are consideres
problem solvers.

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Approaches to curriculum design

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