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Apps for Behaviour Change
Andrew	
 油Nash	
 油
GreenCityStreets.com	
 油
	
 油
TIDE	
 油and	
 油SUCCEED	
 油Conference	
 油
Leipzig	
 油
May	
 油28,	
 油2015	
 油
	
 油
Outline	
 油
≒ Gami鍖ca(on	
 油	
 油a	
 油technique	
 油
≒ Behaviour	
 油change	
 油
≒ Passive	
 油behaviour	
 油change:	
 油use	
 油
≒ Ac(ve	
 油behaviour	
 油change:	
 油supply	
 油
≒ Par(cipa(on:	
 油supplying	
 油sustainable	
 油transport	
 油
Gami鍖caKon	
 油
≒ Gami鍖ca(on	
 油applies	
 油the	
 油fun	
 油and	
 油addic)ng	
 油elements	
 油
in	
 油games	
 油to	
 油real-足world	
 油ac(vi(es.	
 油	
 油
≒ It	
 油focuses	
 油on	
 油the	
 油human	
 油in	
 油the	
 油system,	
 油as	
 油opposed	
 油to	
 油
pure	
 油e鍖ciency	
 油of	
 油the	
 油system.	
 油
≒ When	
 油it	
 油comes	
 油to	
 油playing	
 油games,	
 油kids	
 油have	
 油amazing	
 油
work	
 油ethics.	
 油(Yu-足Kai	
 油Chou)	
 油
≒ "gami鍖ca(on	
 油is	
 油exci(ng	
 油because	
 油it	
 油promises	
 油to	
 油make	
 油
the	
 油hard	
 油stu鍖	
 油in	
 油life	
 油fun	
 油(Google).	
 油
Game	
 油QualiKes:	
 油to	
 油improve	
 油society	
 油
1. Urgent	
 油op(mism	
 油(challenging	
 油but	
 油possible	
 油tasks);	
 油	
 油
2. Social	
 油fabric	
 油(people	
 油tend	
 油to	
 油like	
 油people	
 油beVer	
 油aWer	
 油
playing	
 油games	
 油with	
 油them);	
 油	
 油
3. Working	
 油on	
 油challenging	
 油tasks	
 油(people	
 油are	
 油happier	
 油
when	
 油working	
 油hard);	
 油	
 油
4. Games	
 油provide	
 油epic	
 油meaning	
 油(akin	
 油to	
 油purpose	
 油in	
 油the	
 油
real	
 油world).	
 油
Source:	
 油Jane	
 油McGonigal	
 油
Core	
 油Drives:	
 油Yu-足Kai	
 油Chou	
 油-足	
 油Octalysis	
 油
1. Meaning	
 油(Wikipedia)	
 油
2. Challenges	
 油(points,	
 油badges,	
 油leaderboards);	
 油
3. Crea(vity	
 油and	
 油feedback	
 油(Lego);	
 油
4. Ownership	
 油(virtual	
 油goods,	
 油stamp	
 油collec(ng)	
 油
5. Social	
 油connec(on	
 油(compe((on,	
 油coopera(on,	
 油etc.);	
 油
6. Unpredictability	
 油&	
 油Curiosity	
 油
7. Scarcity	
 油
8. Loss	
 油avoidance	
 油
Gami鍖caKon	
 油
≒ Not	
 油just	
 油for	
 油games:	
 油Game	
 油designers	
 油were	
 油鍖rst	
 油
to	
 油iden(fy	
 油and	
 油use	
 油the	
 油techniques;	
 油
≒ Gami鍖ca(on	
 油is	
 油extremely	
 油powerful;	
 油
≒ But,	
 油gami鍖ca(on	
 油is	
 油also	
 油very	
 油complex:	
 油its	
 油
much	
 油more	
 油than	
 油just	
 油adding	
 油points,	
 油badges	
 油
and	
 油leaderboards	
 油to	
 油websites;	
 油
≒ Get	
 油professional	
 油advice!	
 油
Behaviour	
 油Change	
 油
Four	
 油stages	
 油of	
 油behaviour	
 油change:	
 油
1. Pre-足contempla(ve	
 油stage	
 油
2. Contempla(ve	
 油stage	
 油	
 油
3. Prepara(on/ac(on	
 油stage	
 油
4. Maintenance	
 油stage	
 油
	
 油
Source:	
 油MAX-足SEM	
 油from	
 油EPOMM	
 油website	
 油
Stages	
 油of	
 油behaviour	
 油change:	
 油Example	
 油
1. Pre-足contempla(ve:	
 油People	
 油with	
 油no	
 油inten(on	
 油to	
 油
reduce	
 油their	
 油car	
 油use.	
 油
2. Contempla(ve:	
 油People	
 油thinking	
 油about	
 油reducing	
 油
their	
 油car	
 油use.	
 油
3. Prepara(on/ac(on:	
 油People	
 油who	
 油have	
 油a	
 油strategy	
 油
and/or	
 油have	
 油tried	
 油a	
 油strategy	
 油for	
 油reducing	
 油their	
 油car	
 油
use	
 油(e.g.	
 油cycling	
 油to	
 油work).	
 油
4. Maintenance:	
 油People	
 油who	
 油have	
 油adopted	
 油the	
 油new	
 油
behaviour	
 油and	
 油formed	
 油a	
 油new	
 油habit.	
 油
	
 油
Source:	
 油MAX-足SEM	
 油from	
 油EPOMM	
 油website	
 油
Passive	
 油behaviour	
 油change:	
 油
Use	
 油sustainable	
 油transport.	
 油
	
 油
	
 油
AcKve	
 油behaviour	
 油change:	
 油
Provide	
 油sustainable	
 油transport.	
 油
	
 油
Passive:	
 油use	
 油sustainable	
 油transport	
 油
≒ Mobility	
 油management!	
 油
≒ Apps	
 油and	
 油gami鍖ca(on	
 油can	
 油help	
 油by:	
 油
Providing	
 油informa(on	
 油(how)	
 油
Encouraging	
 油behaviour	
 油change	
 油(why)	
 油
Maintaining	
 油new	
 油behaviour	
 油(support)	
 油
≒ Develop	
 油and	
 油apply	
 油apps,	
 油social	
 油networks	
 油and	
 油
gami鍖ca(on	
 油to	
 油mobility	
 油management.	
 油
AcKve:	
 油provide	
 油sustainable	
 油transport	
 油
≒ Informa(on	
 油technology	
 油has	
 油vastly	
 油increased	
 油
the	
 油ability	
 油of	
 油people	
 油to	
 油par(cipate;	
 油
≒ This	
 油increased	
 油ability	
 油to	
 油par(cipate	
 油is	
 油
revolu,onising	
 油society.	
 油
≒ Here	
 油are	
 油some	
 油cu0ng	
 油edge	
 油solu,ons	
 油	
 油
How	
 油do	
 油people	
 油provide	
 油sustainable	
 油transport?	
 油
A. Provide	
 油informaKon	
 油&	
 油ideas	
 油
B. Analyze	
 油data	
 油
C. Decide	
 油(people	
 油collaborate)	
 油
D. Act	
 油
InformaKon	
 油 Analyze	
 油 Decide	
 油 Act	
 油
Support	
 油
A.	
 油 	
 油Input:	
 油simple	
 油and	
 油ubiquitous	
 油
≒ Social	
 油media	
 油
≒ ReporKng	
 油applicaKons	
 油
≒ Sensor	
 油data	
 油
Chicago	
 油Transit	
 油Authority	
 油	
 油TwiZer	
 油Feed	
 油
Zurich	
 油Public	
 油Transport	
 油Authority	
 油	
 油Facebook	
 油Page	
 油
SeeClickFix	
 油page	
 油for	
 油San	
 油Francisco	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油hVp://seeclick鍖x.com	
 油	
 油
Apps for Transport Behaviour Change
油Tra鍖c	
 油Check	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油hVp://www.tra鍖ccheck.at/	
 油
	
 油
User	
 油friendly	
 油features	
 油needed	
 油for	
 油mobile	
 油phone	
 油reporKng:	
 油
≒ automaKc	
 油geo	
 油locaKon,	
 油
≒ logical	
 油informaKon	
 油鍖ow,	
 油	
 油
≒ check	
 油boxes	
 油for	
 油data	
 油entry.	
 油	
 油
Meine	
 油Radspur,	
 油Vienna	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油hVp://www.meineradspur.at/	
 油	
 油
Street	
 油Bump,	
 油Boston	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油hVp://streetbump.org/	
 油
Apps for Transport Behaviour Change
Apps for Transport Behaviour Change
≒ City	
 油data	
 油	
 油open	
 油data	
 油or	
 油scraped.	
 油
≒ CiKzen	
 油data	
 油	
 油cheap	
 油sensors.	
 油
B.	
 油	
 油Data:	
 油you	
 油cant	
 油hide	
 油
CiKzen	
 油developed	
 油applicaKons	
 油and	
 油visualizaKons	
 油from	
 油open	
 油data.	
 油
Stumble	
 油Safely,	
 油Washington	
 油D.C.	
 油
WayCount	
 油vehicle	
 油counter	
 油and	
 油sobware	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油www.waycount.com	
 油	
 油
Smart	
 油CiKzen	
 油sensor	
 油and	
 油sobware	
 油	
 油hVp://www.smartci(zen.me/	
 油	
 油
Apps for Transport Behaviour Change
≒ EducaKon	
 油	
 油transport	
 油is	
 油complex	
 油
≒ BeZer	
 油processes	
 油	
 油mee(ng	
 油management	
 油
≒ Increased	
 油engagement	
 油	
 油more	
 油is	
 油beVer	
 油
C.	
 油	
 油Decide:	
 油collaborate	
 油e鍖ciently	
 油
BusMeister	
 油	
 油public	
 油transport	
 油learning	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油hVp://greencitystreets.com	
 油
Improve	
 油Public	
 油Transport	
 油wiki	
 油	
 油crowd-足sourced	
 油informaKon	
 油
about	
 油public	
 油transport.	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油hVp://greencitystreets.com	
 油
VisualizaKon	
 油...	
 油Par(cipatory	
 油Chinatown	
 油Boston	
 油
	
 油
	
 油
Using	
 油virtual	
 油reality	
 油to	
 油help	
 油understand	
 油city	
 油planning.	
 油
hVp://www.par(cipatorychinatown.org/	
 油	
 油
VisualisaKon	
 油of	
 油street	
 油cross	
 油secKons...	
 油streetmix	
 油
	
 油
hVp://streetmix.net	
 油
San	
 油Francisco	
 油Mind	
 油Mixer	
 油website	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油www.improveSF.com	
 油	
 油
Shareabouts	
 油	
 油geo	
 油collaboraKon	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油openplans.org/work/shareabouts/	
 油
GreenCityStreets.com	
 油	
 油Facebook-足based	
 油collaboraKon	
 油
Loomio	
 油	
 油public	
 油infrastructure	
 油for	
 油collaboraKve	
 油decision	
 油making	
 油
www.loomio.org	
 油-足	
 油please	
 油support	
 油their	
 油crowd	
 油funding	
 油e鍖ort!	
 油
Ring	
 油Ride	
 油	
 油Game	
 油to	
 油encourage	
 油par,cipa,on	
 油
www.ringstrasse150.com	
 油
Grr-足Grr-足Bike	
 油	
 油Game	
 油for	
 油educaKon	
 油+	
 油engagement.	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油	
 油
www.grr-足grr-足bike.com	
 油	
 油
D.	
 油	
 油Act:	
 油disrup,ve	
 油change	
 油
≒ InformaKon	
 油	
 油TwiVer	
 油real	
 油(me	
 油transport	
 油
≒ Civic	
 油organisaKon	
 油	
 油596	
 油Acres,	
 油Casserole	
 油
≒ Sharing	
 油society	
 油	
 油P2P	
 油ridesharing	
 油
≒ Crowd-足sourced	
 油civic	
 油works	
 油	
 油Kickstarter	
 油
≒ DisrupKve	
 油businesses	
 油	
 油Uber,	
 油Bridj	
 油
InformaKon	
 油exchange	
 油and	
 油organisaKon	
 油	
 油596	
 油Acres	
 油
Using	
 油games	
 油to	
 油in鍖uence	
 油behaviour	
 油	
 油Chromaroma	
 油(London)	
 油
Crowdfunding	
 油for	
 油civic	
 油improvements	
 油	
 油Kickstarter	
 油
Apps for Transport Behaviour Change
App-足based	
 油public	
 油transport	
 油
Designing	
 油passionate,	
 油people-足powered	
 油public	
 油
services	
 油
	
 油
Casserole	
 油is	
 油an	
 油example	
 油of	
 油how	
 油understanding	
 油ci,zens	
 油as	
 油producers	
 油
as	
 油well	
 油as	
 油consumers	
 油leads	
 油to	
 油services	
 油that	
 油help	
 油communi(es	
 油turn	
 油
the	
 油issues	
 油theyre	
 油passionate	
 油about	
 油into	
 油ways	
 油to	
 油be	
 油more	
 油self-足
su鍖cient	
 油and	
 油less	
 油invested	
 油in	
 油expensive	
 油public	
 油services.	
 油	
 油
Summary	
 油
1. Gami鍖ca(on	
 油is	
 油a	
 油powerful	
 油tool	
 油for	
 油behaviour	
 油change.	
 油
2. Informa(on	
 油technology	
 油has	
 油fundamentally	
 油changed	
 油
the	
 油role	
 油of	
 油government.	
 油
3. IT	
 油applica(ons	
 油enable	
 油ac(ve	
 油par(cipa(on	
 油	
 油
government	
 油must	
 油embrace	
 油this	
 油development.	
 油
4. Recognise	
 油that	
 油if	
 油you	
 油dont	
 油do	
 油it	
 油	
 油someone	
 油else	
 油will.	
 油
Andrew	
 油Nash	
 油develops	
 油engaging	
 油public	
 油
par(cipa(on	
 油applica(ons	
 油and	
 油games	
 油designed	
 油
to	
 油improve	
 油city	
 油livability	
 油and	
 油transport.	
 油
	
 油
≒ GreenCityStreets.com	
 油
≒ Ringstrasse150.com/wp/	
 油
≒ AndyNash.com	
 油

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Apps for Transport Behaviour Change

  • 1. Apps for Behaviour Change Andrew 油Nash 油 GreenCityStreets.com 油 油 TIDE 油and 油SUCCEED 油Conference 油 Leipzig 油 May 油28, 油2015 油 油
  • 2. Outline 油 ≒ Gami鍖ca(on 油 油a 油technique 油 ≒ Behaviour 油change 油 ≒ Passive 油behaviour 油change: 油use 油 ≒ Ac(ve 油behaviour 油change: 油supply 油 ≒ Par(cipa(on: 油supplying 油sustainable 油transport 油
  • 3. Gami鍖caKon 油 ≒ Gami鍖ca(on 油applies 油the 油fun 油and 油addic)ng 油elements 油 in 油games 油to 油real-足world 油ac(vi(es. 油 油 ≒ It 油focuses 油on 油the 油human 油in 油the 油system, 油as 油opposed 油to 油 pure 油e鍖ciency 油of 油the 油system. 油 ≒ When 油it 油comes 油to 油playing 油games, 油kids 油have 油amazing 油 work 油ethics. 油(Yu-足Kai 油Chou) 油 ≒ "gami鍖ca(on 油is 油exci(ng 油because 油it 油promises 油to 油make 油 the 油hard 油stu鍖 油in 油life 油fun 油(Google). 油
  • 4. Game 油QualiKes: 油to 油improve 油society 油 1. Urgent 油op(mism 油(challenging 油but 油possible 油tasks); 油 油 2. Social 油fabric 油(people 油tend 油to 油like 油people 油beVer 油aWer 油 playing 油games 油with 油them); 油 油 3. Working 油on 油challenging 油tasks 油(people 油are 油happier 油 when 油working 油hard); 油 油 4. Games 油provide 油epic 油meaning 油(akin 油to 油purpose 油in 油the 油 real 油world). 油 Source: 油Jane 油McGonigal 油
  • 5. Core 油Drives: 油Yu-足Kai 油Chou 油-足 油Octalysis 油 1. Meaning 油(Wikipedia) 油 2. Challenges 油(points, 油badges, 油leaderboards); 油 3. Crea(vity 油and 油feedback 油(Lego); 油 4. Ownership 油(virtual 油goods, 油stamp 油collec(ng) 油 5. Social 油connec(on 油(compe((on, 油coopera(on, 油etc.); 油 6. Unpredictability 油& 油Curiosity 油 7. Scarcity 油 8. Loss 油avoidance 油
  • 6. Gami鍖caKon 油 ≒ Not 油just 油for 油games: 油Game 油designers 油were 油鍖rst 油 to 油iden(fy 油and 油use 油the 油techniques; 油 ≒ Gami鍖ca(on 油is 油extremely 油powerful; 油 ≒ But, 油gami鍖ca(on 油is 油also 油very 油complex: 油its 油 much 油more 油than 油just 油adding 油points, 油badges 油 and 油leaderboards 油to 油websites; 油 ≒ Get 油professional 油advice! 油
  • 7. Behaviour 油Change 油 Four 油stages 油of 油behaviour 油change: 油 1. Pre-足contempla(ve 油stage 油 2. Contempla(ve 油stage 油 油 3. Prepara(on/ac(on 油stage 油 4. Maintenance 油stage 油 油 Source: 油MAX-足SEM 油from 油EPOMM 油website 油
  • 8. Stages 油of 油behaviour 油change: 油Example 油 1. Pre-足contempla(ve: 油People 油with 油no 油inten(on 油to 油 reduce 油their 油car 油use. 油 2. Contempla(ve: 油People 油thinking 油about 油reducing 油 their 油car 油use. 油 3. Prepara(on/ac(on: 油People 油who 油have 油a 油strategy 油 and/or 油have 油tried 油a 油strategy 油for 油reducing 油their 油car 油 use 油(e.g. 油cycling 油to 油work). 油 4. Maintenance: 油People 油who 油have 油adopted 油the 油new 油 behaviour 油and 油formed 油a 油new 油habit. 油 油 Source: 油MAX-足SEM 油from 油EPOMM 油website 油
  • 9. Passive 油behaviour 油change: 油 Use 油sustainable 油transport. 油 油 油 AcKve 油behaviour 油change: 油 Provide 油sustainable 油transport. 油 油
  • 10. Passive: 油use 油sustainable 油transport 油 ≒ Mobility 油management! 油 ≒ Apps 油and 油gami鍖ca(on 油can 油help 油by: 油 Providing 油informa(on 油(how) 油 Encouraging 油behaviour 油change 油(why) 油 Maintaining 油new 油behaviour 油(support) 油 ≒ Develop 油and 油apply 油apps, 油social 油networks 油and 油 gami鍖ca(on 油to 油mobility 油management. 油
  • 11. AcKve: 油provide 油sustainable 油transport 油 ≒ Informa(on 油technology 油has 油vastly 油increased 油 the 油ability 油of 油people 油to 油par(cipate; 油 ≒ This 油increased 油ability 油to 油par(cipate 油is 油 revolu,onising 油society. 油 ≒ Here 油are 油some 油cu0ng 油edge 油solu,ons 油 油
  • 12. How 油do 油people 油provide 油sustainable 油transport? 油 A. Provide 油informaKon 油& 油ideas 油 B. Analyze 油data 油 C. Decide 油(people 油collaborate) 油 D. Act 油 InformaKon 油 Analyze 油 Decide 油 Act 油 Support 油
  • 13. A. 油 油Input: 油simple 油and 油ubiquitous 油 ≒ Social 油media 油 ≒ ReporKng 油applicaKons 油 ≒ Sensor 油data 油
  • 14. Chicago 油Transit 油Authority 油 油TwiZer 油Feed 油
  • 15. Zurich 油Public 油Transport 油Authority 油 油Facebook 油Page 油
  • 16. SeeClickFix 油page 油for 油San 油Francisco 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油hVp://seeclick鍖x.com 油 油
  • 18. 油Tra鍖c 油Check 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油hVp://www.tra鍖ccheck.at/ 油 油 User 油friendly 油features 油needed 油for 油mobile 油phone 油reporKng: 油 ≒ automaKc 油geo 油locaKon, 油 ≒ logical 油informaKon 油鍖ow, 油 油 ≒ check 油boxes 油for 油data 油entry. 油 油
  • 19. Meine 油Radspur, 油Vienna 油 油 油 油 油hVp://www.meineradspur.at/ 油 油
  • 20. Street 油Bump, 油Boston 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油hVp://streetbump.org/ 油
  • 23. ≒ City 油data 油 油open 油data 油or 油scraped. 油 ≒ CiKzen 油data 油 油cheap 油sensors. 油 B. 油 油Data: 油you 油cant 油hide 油
  • 24. CiKzen 油developed 油applicaKons 油and 油visualizaKons 油from 油open 油data. 油 Stumble 油Safely, 油Washington 油D.C. 油
  • 25. WayCount 油vehicle 油counter 油and 油sobware 油 油 油 油www.waycount.com 油 油
  • 26. Smart 油CiKzen 油sensor 油and 油sobware 油 油hVp://www.smartci(zen.me/ 油 油
  • 28. ≒ EducaKon 油 油transport 油is 油complex 油 ≒ BeZer 油processes 油 油mee(ng 油management 油 ≒ Increased 油engagement 油 油more 油is 油beVer 油 C. 油 油Decide: 油collaborate 油e鍖ciently 油
  • 29. BusMeister 油 油public 油transport 油learning 油 油 油 油hVp://greencitystreets.com 油
  • 30. Improve 油Public 油Transport 油wiki 油 油crowd-足sourced 油informaKon 油 about 油public 油transport. 油 油 油 油 油 油 油hVp://greencitystreets.com 油
  • 31. VisualizaKon 油... 油Par(cipatory 油Chinatown 油Boston 油 油 油 Using 油virtual 油reality 油to 油help 油understand 油city 油planning. 油 hVp://www.par(cipatorychinatown.org/ 油 油
  • 32. VisualisaKon 油of 油street 油cross 油secKons... 油streetmix 油 油 hVp://streetmix.net 油
  • 33. San 油Francisco 油Mind 油Mixer 油website 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油www.improveSF.com 油 油
  • 34. Shareabouts 油 油geo 油collaboraKon 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 油openplans.org/work/shareabouts/ 油
  • 36. Loomio 油 油public 油infrastructure 油for 油collaboraKve 油decision 油making 油 www.loomio.org 油-足 油please 油support 油their 油crowd 油funding 油e鍖ort! 油
  • 37. Ring 油Ride 油 油Game 油to 油encourage 油par,cipa,on 油 www.ringstrasse150.com 油
  • 38. Grr-足Grr-足Bike 油 油Game 油for 油educaKon 油+ 油engagement. 油 油 油 油 油 油 油 www.grr-足grr-足bike.com 油 油
  • 39. D. 油 油Act: 油disrup,ve 油change 油 ≒ InformaKon 油 油TwiVer 油real 油(me 油transport 油 ≒ Civic 油organisaKon 油 油596 油Acres, 油Casserole 油 ≒ Sharing 油society 油 油P2P 油ridesharing 油 ≒ Crowd-足sourced 油civic 油works 油 油Kickstarter 油 ≒ DisrupKve 油businesses 油 油Uber, 油Bridj 油
  • 40. InformaKon 油exchange 油and 油organisaKon 油 油596 油Acres 油
  • 41. Using 油games 油to 油in鍖uence 油behaviour 油 油Chromaroma 油(London) 油
  • 42. Crowdfunding 油for 油civic 油improvements 油 油Kickstarter 油
  • 45. Designing 油passionate, 油people-足powered 油public 油 services 油 油 Casserole 油is 油an 油example 油of 油how 油understanding 油ci,zens 油as 油producers 油 as 油well 油as 油consumers 油leads 油to 油services 油that 油help 油communi(es 油turn 油 the 油issues 油theyre 油passionate 油about 油into 油ways 油to 油be 油more 油self-足 su鍖cient 油and 油less 油invested 油in 油expensive 油public 油services. 油 油
  • 46. Summary 油 1. Gami鍖ca(on 油is 油a 油powerful 油tool 油for 油behaviour 油change. 油 2. Informa(on 油technology 油has 油fundamentally 油changed 油 the 油role 油of 油government. 油 3. IT 油applica(ons 油enable 油ac(ve 油par(cipa(on 油 油 government 油must 油embrace 油this 油development. 油 4. Recognise 油that 油if 油you 油dont 油do 油it 油 油someone 油else 油will. 油
  • 47. Andrew 油Nash 油develops 油engaging 油public 油 par(cipa(on 油applica(ons 油and 油games 油designed 油 to 油improve 油city 油livability 油and 油transport. 油 油 ≒ GreenCityStreets.com 油 ≒ Ringstrasse150.com/wp/ 油 ≒ AndyNash.com 油