以 Arduino 探討生理訊號量測

Dec 8, 20144 likes4,602 views

Marcus Pek

介紹電子元件基本特性與取樣方法，並介紹數個以 Arduino 為基礎的實作作品

Outline
● 生理訊號量测目的
● 量測設備方案比較
● 滤波与取样
● 案例說明
● Q&A
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
列 1 列 2 列 3 列 4
欄 1
欄 2
欄 3

生理訊號量测目的
● 量測血壓、體溫
● 量測心跳 ECG ( EKG )
● 紀錄睡眠情況
● 分析運動強度

量測選擇
● 傳統醫療設備檢測
● 穿戴式设备
● 础谤诲耻颈苍辞自製
● 價格比較

價格比較
類型價格精確度易用性可組裝性
醫療級& 實驗室
級
$100000 以上高低低
市售穿戴式设备$1800 ～ $5500 中等高低
Arduino 零組件$55 ~ $1500 一般一般高

重溫基礎知識
● 波、波长、频率、能量關係
● 認識電阻、電容、低通滤波、高通滤波、帶通濾
波、帶組濾波、全通濾波
● 认识放大器
● 濾波與放大先後關係
● 取樣频率
● 取樣頻寬

概述 - 波
● 訊號就是一種「波」
● 波依照波长、频率可區分為短波、長波、
高頻、低頻
● 波长越短，频率越快，能量越強
● 任何訊號都會參雜來自外界的干擾雜訊
● 預取得正確訊號，須透過濾波

OPAMP 正回授
正回授的用途有：
● 作為有遲滯的比較器，形成施密特電路
● 產生振盪
目的：
● 抗干擾

取樣頻寬(1)
● 頻寬 (Bandwidth) 描述的是類比前端在振幅損
失最少的前提下，將訊號從外部世界傳入ADC
的能力
● 頻寬指定為正弦曲線輸入訊號衰減至原振幅之
70.7% 時的频率，亦稱為 -3 dB 點

取樣頻寬(2)
● 數位器示波器的頻寬最好比要測量的訊號中的最
高频率高 3 ~ 5 倍
● 輸入訊號的上升時間是指訊號從最大訊號振幅的
10% 轉換到 90% 的時間
● 頻寬、取樣速率，與奈奎斯特定理

取樣频率
● 取樣频率定義了每秒從連續訊號中提取並組成離
散訊號的取樣個數，它用赫茲（Hz）來表示
● 取樣频率只能用於周期性取樣的取樣器，對於非
周期性取樣的取樣器沒有規則限制
● 奈奎斯特定理(Nyquist Theorem)：
取樣率 (f s) > 2 *受測訊號的最高频率部份

案例說明
● 應用於大白鼠的無線 ECG 量測系統設計
● Arduino紅外線脈搏感測器
● 夾指式脈搏量測

隨著科技的進步，步調不斷加快，工作壓力增大，造成精神緊繃，此時身心健康的問題就越趨重要。而隨著電子科技不斷進步，將電子技術的提升帶動了醫學領域的前進。在電子與醫學技術結合下，新的診斷技術逐漸被開發。紅外光一般應用在量測脈搏、體溫、血氧濃度等應用，在心率變異(HRV)的研究上則是透過末梢血流量變化轉換為心率訊號。本專題將運用本期所學課程內容製作一可穿戴於手腕上即時監視心率異常加以紀錄並無線傳輸的裝置。 http://www.ittraining.com.tw/ittraining/index.php/activity?id=370

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