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Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware

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David Mellis

This document discusses open-source hardware and the Arduino platform. It provides context on digital fabrication and manufacturing trends. It then describes Arduino and how it helped bootstrap the open-source hardware movement. Finally, it outlines the Arduino ecosystem that has grown around derivatives, accessories, and projects that use Arduino, as well as limits to openness like manufacturing processes and branding.

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Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware David A. Mellis February 27, 2012
Context: Manufacturing in the Digital Age ? Digital Fabrication (CAD/CAM) ? Microcontrollers ? Internet
Context: Manufacturing in the Digital Age ? Crowd-Sourcing: CUUSOO (Muji, Lego), KickStarter, Quirky ? On-Demand Production: i.materialise, Ponoko, Shapeways, Advanced Circuits ? Online Marketplaces: Etsy, Amazon, eBay ? Generative Design ? Mass Customization ? Open-Source Hardware
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Arduino
Breathalyzer Genie by Christopher T. Palmer (Photo by Christian Spanring)
Biomimetic Butter?ies by the Barbarian Group
Photo by Jens Erik Mikkelsen
Rancilio Silvia espresso machine hacking by Tim Hirzel
Earthwalk by Jens Franke & Thomas Gl?ser
Open-Source Hardware
¡°Source¡± ? Digital design ?le ? Can be translated into physical object ? Has to be the original
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
¡°Open¡± ? Sharing online ? Allowing commercial use ? Complicated by expensive CAD software
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Why open-source hardware? ? Economics ? Education ? Moral
Why does it matter? ? New and growing practice ? Alternative to proprietary production ? Increasingly a norm
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Product ? Developed to be sold ? Useful because you can buy it ? New variations are often new products
Decentralized Open-Source Hardware Open-Source Software
Not very well. ? Lack of software tools ? Differing component selections ? Monetary complications
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Bootstrapping ? Started with $2000 ? Continually re-invested revenues ? Possible because of digital (PCB) fabrication
Ecosystem
Ecosystem: Derivatives http://blog.makezine.com/2009/12/11/arduino-open-source-hardware-2009/
Ecosystem: Accessories
Ecosystem: DIY Drones
Ecosystem: LilyPad
Ecosystem: Robots
Ecosystem: Devices Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories
Ecosystem: Media
Limits to Openness ? Manufacturing process ? Suppliers ? Trademark / branding
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
David Robert Tayo Falase Hannah Perner-Wilson Jean-Baptiste Labrune
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware
Tim Kunkel Gonglue Jiang Andrew Payne Sarah Hirschman
Design for DIY Manufacturing diymanufacturing.mit.edu
Open-Source Hardware Community ? Summit ? De?nition ? Logo ? Association
Thank you. David A. Mellis (mellis@media.mit.edu) http://web.media.mit.edu/~mellis/ http://diymanufacturing.mit.edu/

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Arduino and the Promise of Open-Source Hardware