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§¡§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ / Arterial Hypertension

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Bukovinian State Medical University
Bukovinian State Medical University

§­§Ö§Ü§è?§ñ "§±§Ñ§ä§à§æ?§Ù?§à§Ý§à§Ô?§ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù??" (§·§à§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Û §£., §¢§å§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ß§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Û §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §å§ß?§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä)

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§²§¦§¤§µ§­§Á§´§°§²§¯? §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §±?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§å§ð§ä§î §¡§´ (§±§²§¦§³§°§²§¯?) §©§ß§Ú§Ø§å§ð§ä§î §¡§´ (§¥§¦§±§²§¦§³§°§²§¯?) ?§ã§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ; ?§â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ; ?§Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß- §Ó§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ ; ?§Ô§Ý§ð§Ü§à§Ü§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à?§Õ§Ú; ?§²§Ö§æ§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ú §Ù §Ò§Ñ§â§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â?§Ó §Õ§å§Ô§Ú §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ sinus caroticus; ?§¬§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§â§Ö?§ß-§Ü?§ß?§ß§à§Ó§Ñ; ?§±§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú; ?§±§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§â§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ§ä§â?§Û§å§â§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â
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§¯§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ß§ñ §æ?§Ù§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß?§ã§ä§î (§Ô?§á§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ?§ñ) §³§à§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö §ä§Ñ §Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ?§é§ß§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §©§Ó§à§â§à§ä§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§î §Þ?§Ø §â?§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §ä§Ñ §ã§à§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ?§é§ß§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§Þ. §²§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü §¡§¤ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §Ó §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ñ§Ü? §Þ§Ñ§ð§ä§î §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å (§á§ã§Ú§ç?§é§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ó§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î, §é§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §á§Ñ§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ §Ù§Ý§à§Ó§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ). §£?§Õ§ã§å§ä§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§î §ë§à§Õ§à §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý? §é§Ú §Þ?§ã§ä?. §´§Ñ§Ü, §ñ§Ü§ë§à §Ó ?§ã§á§Ñ§ß?? §¡§¤ §å §ã?§Ý§î§ã§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý?§Ó §Ù§å§ã§ä§â?§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö, §ß?§Ø §å §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ñ§ß, §ä§à §Ó §±?§Ó§Õ§Ö§ß§ß?§Û §¬§à§â§Ö?, ?§â§Ñ§ß?, §¬§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§å§ß?, §´§Ñ?§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ? ? §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§Ó§Ñ? §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§à§Ü §Ù§Ó§à§â§à§ä§ß§Ñ. §µ §ä§à§Û §Ø§Ö §é§Ñ§ã §Ó §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ?, §´§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ§ß?? ? §±§à§Ý§î§ë? §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§ß§à §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §á§à §Ó§ã?§Û §Ü§â§Ñ?§ß?.
§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß? §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó? §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è?? §¡§¤ ¨C §ç§Ó§à§â§à§Ò§Ñ ¡°§ß§Ö§Ó?§Õ§â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ç¡± §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û (§ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß? §Ó§Ö§Ô§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è?? §Ù §Ò§à§Ü§å §³§³§³, §ñ§Ü? §ß§Ö §ã§å§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ø§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§å§ç§à§Ó§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è?§ñ§Þ§Ú (§­§Ñ§ß§Ô §¤.§¶.) §¡§¤ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §â§à§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §á§à§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ù §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§à§ð §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§à§ð §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ô§à§ð (§Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â?, §Ó§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý?, §Ü§Ö§â?§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ö§â§Ú, §á§â§Ñ§è?§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú call-§è§Ö§ß§ä§â?§Ó §ä§à§ë§à) §£§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ñ §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ñ§Ü? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Õ§å §­§Ö§ß?§ß§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§å §á?§Õ §é§Ñ§ã 2-§à? §³§Ó?§ä§à§Ó§à? §Ó?§Û§ß§Ú §¯§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ñ §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §é§Ö§â§ß§Ú§è§î (20-§Ý?§ä§ß? §ã§á§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ 144 ?§ä§Ñ§Ý?§Û§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§Ö§â§ß§Ú§è§ñ§Þ§Ú ¨C Timio et al, 1988)
§¤?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ §Ò?§Ý§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ä§å §±?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §á?§Õ §é§Ñ§ã §Û§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ. §±§â§Ú §Õ§à§Ò§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Þ§à§ß?§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§å §ä§Ú§ã§Ü §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó§Ú§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§å§ä§ä?§Ó§à §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ú§Þ, §ß?§Ø §Ó §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§ñ §Ñ§Ò§à §Þ§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§ã§ä§â§Ú; §±?§Õ§Û§à§Þ §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §Ó?§Õ§Ò§å§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§å, §ë§à §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ? §å §à§ã?§Ò §Ù ?§ß§Ö§ã§ä?§Û§Ü§à§ð? §ß§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ó§à§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§à§ð §á§â§Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ß§ß? §Õ§à §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§ñ. §³§á§à§ã§ä§Ö§â?§Ô§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å 20-40% §ç§Ó§à§â§Ú§ç §Ù §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ð §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù??§ð; §¹§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §å §Ø?§ß§à§Ü; §¹§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §Ó §à§ã?§Ò §Ù §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §â?§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §à§ã§Ó?§ä§Ú;
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§¤?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§à§Ò§à§é§à§Þ§å §Þ?§ã§è? §£?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§à §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß§Ö §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §Ó§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§à§ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§å §â§à§Ò§à§ä§Ú; §²?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §¡§´, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§à§Ò§à§ä? §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§à §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ó§ß?, §ñ§Ü? §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ñ§ß? §Ó §á§à§Ý?§Ü§Ý?§ß?§è? §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ §é§Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§ã§ä§â§à§ð. §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü?§Û §Ù§Ñ§â§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß? §¯§Ö§Ó§á§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ó §Ù§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß? §â§à§Ò§à§é§à§Ô§à §Þ?§ã§è§ñ §ä§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ú§ä§Ú§ã§ñ ¡°§Ù§Ñ §Ò§à§â§ä§à§Þ¡± §¯§Ö§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§à §Ü§Ñ§â'?§â§ß?§Û §Õ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß?
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§¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ I. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?? §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §ß§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú: §Ñ) §Ù?§ä§Ü§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã?§Ó §å§Þ§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ ? §Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§Þ§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §ë§à §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à §â§à§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ü§å §Ó §ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ß (§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§Ü, §Þ§Ñ§Ó§á) §ß§Ö§Ó§â§à§Ù§å; §Ò) §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§à? §ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ô§Ú §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§à§à§ã§à§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý?§Ü§ä§å (§å §Þ§Ñ§Ó§á), §Ù§Þ?§ß §Ò?§à§â§Ú§ä§Þ?§Ó, ?§Þ§Þ§à§Ò?§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ß;
§¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ ?I. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Þ§à§Ù§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§à§Ó§à- ? §Ý?§Þ§æ§à§à§Ò?§Ô§å: §Ñ) §à§Õ§ß§à- ? §Õ§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó¡¯§ñ§Ù§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §ã§à§ß§ß§Ú§ç ? §Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û, §ë§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Ù§à§Ü (§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-?§ê§Ö§Þ?§é§ß§Ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ); §Ò) §Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §Ý?§Þ§æ§à§Ó?§Õ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§ß§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç ? §á§Ö§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ã§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ú§ç §Ý?§Þ§æ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§ç§ê§Ý§ñ§ç§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§à§ð §Ü§Ñ§à§Ý?§ß§å, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä§î §å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§å §è§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§â§ß§å §Þ§à§Ù§Ü§å.
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  • 6. §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à ¡°§á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§Ú¡± ¡Ö50 % §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä§î, §ë§à §Ó §ß§Ú§ç ? §¡§´ ¡Ö50 % §Ù §ß§Ú§ç ¨C §Ý?§Ü§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ ¡Ö50 % §Ù §ß§Ú§ç ¨C §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á?§ñ
  • 7. §±§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §Ó §µ§Ü§â§Ñ?§ß? (§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Þ §ß§Ñ 01.01.2011 §â.) §¥§Ø§Ö§â§Ö§Ý§à ¨C §Ü§Ý?§ß?§é§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ù §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?? (§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ù §®§°§© §µ§Ü§â§Ñ?§ß§Ú §Ó?§Õ 24.05.2012 ¡í 384) 12,1 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó?§Ü§à§Þ §Ó?§Õ 18 §â§à§Ü?§Ó §Ñ§Ò§à 32,2 % §Õ§à§â§à§ã§Ý§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ (+170% §å §á§à§â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß? §Ù 2000 §â.) 53,7% 52,0% 40,4% 42,1% - 29,6% - 36,3%
  • 8. §²§¦§¤§µ§­§Á§´§°§²§¯? §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª, §ñ§Ü? §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§é§å§ð§ä§î §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§´ §¤§¦§®§°§¥§ª§¯§¡§®?§¹§¯§¡ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §¬§°§¯§´§²§°§­§À §³§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §ä§Ú§ã§Ü
  • 9. §¤§¦§®§°§¥§ª§¯§¡§®?§¹§¯§¡ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡ §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß §±§å§Ñ§Ù§Ö§Û§Ý§ñ P = Q ? R P ¨C §ä§Ú§ã§Ü §â?§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ? §ä§â§å§Ò§à§Ü; Q ¨C §ß§Ñ§á§à§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ (§à§Ò'?§Þ §â?§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú); R ¨C §à§á?§â §ä§Ö§é?? §â?§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú;
  • 10. §¡§´ = §·§°§¬ ? §°§±§³ §¡§´ ¨C §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §ä§Ú§ã§Ü; §·§°§¬ ¨C §ç§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò'?§Þ §Ü§â§à§Ó?; §°§±§³ ¨C §à§á?§â §á§Ö§â§Ú§æ§Ö§â§Ú§é§ß§Ú§ç §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß; §¤§¦§®§°§¥§ª§¯§¡§®?§¹§¯§¡ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡
  • 11. §·§£§ª§­§ª§¯§¯§ª§« §°§¢¡¯?§® §¬§²§°§£? (§·§°§¬) §¹§³§³ §ç §³§° ¡Ö 5 §Ý §¹§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§è§Ö§Ó§Ú§ç §ã§Ü§à§â§à§é§Ö§ß§î (§¹§³§³) 60-90 §Ù§Ñ 1 §ç§Ó. §³§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§Ú§Û (§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§Û) §à§Ò¡¯?§Þ (§³§°) 50-80 §Þ§Ý §¤§¦§®§°§¥§ª§¯§¡§®?§¹§¯§¡ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡ §°§±?§² §±§¦§²§ª§¶§¦§²§ª§¹§¯§ª§· §³§µ§¥§ª§¯ (§°§±§³)
  • 12. §¡§´ §·§°§¬ §°§±§³ §³§¦§²§¸§¦§£? §¶§¡§¬§´§°§²§ª: -§¹§³§³ (¡Ö60-90 §å§Õ./§ç§Ó) -§µ§°§³ (¡Ö50-80 §Þ§Ý/§ç§Ó) §°§¢¡¯?§® §¬§²§°§£?: -§£§à§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã; -§¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß; -§£§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß (§¡§¥§¤); -§±§¯§µ§¶; §¯§¦§²§£§°§£§¡ §²§¦§¤§µ§­§Á§¸?§Á: - §£§Ö§Ô§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ §¯§³ (§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§ç§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ?§ß§Ú) §¤§µ§®§°§²§¡§­§¾§¯? §¶-§²§ª: -§¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ??; -§¬§Ñ§ä§Ö§ç§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ?§ß§Ú; -§°§Ü§ã§Ú§Õ §Ñ§Ù§à§Õ§å (NO); -§±§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú; -§¢§â§Ñ§Õ?§Ü?§ß?§ß; §¤§¦§®§°§¥§ª§¯§¡§®?§¹§¯§¡ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡
  • 15. §¤§¦§®§°§¥§ª§¯§¡§®?§¹§¯? §´§ª§±§ª P = Q ? R §¤?§á§Ö§â§Ü?§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û ? ¡ü Q ? ¡ü §¹§³§³ ? ¡ü §ã§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý. §¡§´ §¦§å§Ü?§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û ? ¡ü Q §ä§Ñ ¡ü R ? ¡ü §ã§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý. §¡§´ ? ¡ü §Õ?§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý. §¡§´ §¤?§á§à§Ü?§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û ? ¡ü R ? §¹§³§³ - N §Ñ§Ò§à ¡ý ? ¡ü §Õ?§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý. §¡§´ §¡§´ = 160/90 §Þ§Þ.§â§ä.§ã§ä. §¡§´ = 140/100 §Þ§Þ.§â§ä.§ã§ä.§¡§´ = 180/110 §Þ§Þ.§â§ä.§ã§ä.
  • 16. §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §¬§°§¯§´§²§°§­§À §¡§´ §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡ §¬§°§²§°§´§¬§°§¹§¡§³§¯§°? §¥?? §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§¡ §¥§°§£§¤§°§´§²§ª§£§¡§­§°? §¥?? §¢§Ñ§â§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §Õ§å§Ô§Ú §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú ? §ã§Ú§ß§à§Ü§Ñ§â§à§ä§Ú§Õ§ß§à? §Ù§à§ß§Ú §²§Ö§ß?§ß ¨C §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ?? ¨C §¡§â§ä§Ö§â?§à§Ý§Ú §¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß ¨C §£§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß
  • 17. §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §¬§°§¯§´§²§°§­§À §¡§´ 1. §¢§Ñ§â§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §Õ§å§Ô§Ú §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú ? sinus caroticus §¥§à§Ó§Ô§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ù§à§Ü §³§å§Õ§Ú§ß§ß§à- §â§å§ç§à§Ó§Ú§Û §è§Ö§ß§ä§â
  • 18. §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §¬§°§¯§´§²§°§­§À §¡§´ 2. §²§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §À§¤§¡ §²§Ö§ß?§ß §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ô§Ö§ß §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ? §¡§±§¶ §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ??
  • 19. §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §¬§°§¯§´§²§°§­§À §¡§´ 3. §¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß-§Ó§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ?? §¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? Na §£§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß (§¡§¥§¤) ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? §¯2§° ? §à§Ò'?§Þ§å §Ü§â§à§Ó?
  • 20. §²§¦§¤§µ§­§Á§´§°§²§¯? §³§ª§³§´§¦§®§ª §±?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§å§ð§ä§î §¡§´ (§±§²§¦§³§°§²§¯?) §©§ß§Ú§Ø§å§ð§ä§î §¡§´ (§¥§¦§±§²§¦§³§°§²§¯?) ?§ã§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ; ?§â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ; ?§Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß- §Ó§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ ; ?§Ô§Ý§ð§Ü§à§Ü§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à?§Õ§Ú; ?§²§Ö§æ§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ú §Ù §Ò§Ñ§â§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â?§Ó §Õ§å§Ô§Ú §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ sinus caroticus; ?§¬§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§â§Ö?§ß-§Ü?§ß?§ß§à§Ó§Ñ; ?§±§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú; ?§±§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§â§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ§ä§â?§Û§å§â§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â
  • 22. §¡§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß§Ö §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å (§ã§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ñ/§Ñ§Ò§à §Õ?§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§à§Ô§à) §Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ê §ß?§Ø 2 §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§î §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Þ §®.§¬§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú 2 ? §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ó?§Ù§Ú§ä§Ñ§ç §á§Ñ§è??§ß§ä§Ñ §Ù ?§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ö 1 §ä§Ú§Ø§ß§ñ
  • 23. §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è?§ñ §¡§¤ §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å (§£§°§°§©, 1999)
  • 24. §£§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§ä?§Ó§Ö§ß §¤§Ö§Û§Ý§ã (Stephen Hales) §£§á§Ö§â§ê§Ö §å 1733 §â§à§è? §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ã§Ü§Ý§ñ§ß§à? §ä§â§å§Ò§Ü§Ú §Ó §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§ð §Ü§à§ß§ñ §±?§Õ§Û§à§Þ §Ü§â§à§Ó? §ß§Ñ 8 §æ§å§ä?§Ó §ä§Ñ 3 §Õ§ð§Û§Þ§Ú (¡Ö2,5 §Þ) §Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §Ý?§Ó§à§Ô§à §ê§Ý§å§ß§à§é§Ü§Ñ
  • 25. §£§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §Ó§Ö§Ý§à§ã§Ú§á§Ö§Õ§ß§å §ê§Ú§ß§å, §ñ§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§ð §ä§â§Ö§ä§Ú§ß§å §á§Ý§Ö§é§Ñ ? §Ù'?§Õ§ß§å§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§ñ §Ù §â§ä§å§ä§ß§Ú§Þ §ã§æ?§Ô§Þ§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§à§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Þ §ä§Ñ §Ô§å§Þ§à§Ó§à§ð §Ô§â§å§ê§Ö§ð, §ñ§Ü§à§ð §ß§Ñ§Ô§ß?§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó?§ä§â§ñ. §¶?§Ü§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ã§ñ §ä§Ú§ã§Ü, §á§â§Ú §ñ§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§á§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§ñ §á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ§è?§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ó?§Û §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â??, §ë§à §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å. §±§Ö§â§ê? §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ú §á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ§è?? §á?§ã§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ?§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å. §º.§²?§Ó§Ñ-§²§à§é§é? (Scipione Riva-Rocci) 1896 §â?§Ü §±§¡§­§¾§±§¡§´§°§²§¯§ª§« §®§¦§´§°§¥
  • 26. §¡§µ§³§¬§µ§­§¾§´§¡§´§ª§£§¯§ª§« §®§¦§´§°§¥ §®.§³. §¬§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Ó 1905 §â?§Ü §¯§Ñ§Ó§é§Ñ§Ó§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à§Þ§å §æ§Ñ§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ö§ä? §·§Ñ§â§Ü?§Ó§ã§î§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß?§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§å (§Õ§à 3 §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§â§å) §®.§£. §Á§ß§à§Ó§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ?§Ü §£?§Û§ã§î§Ü§à§Ó§à- §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à? §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ?? (§³§Ñ§ß§Ü§ä-§±§Ö§ä§Ö§â§Ò§å§â§Ô) §¯§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ã§ñ §å §®§Ú§â§Ô§à§â§à§Õ? (§±§à§Ý§ä§Ñ§Ó§ã§î§Ü§Ñ §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î)
  • 27. §£§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Þ §®.§¬§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ ?§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§Û §à§æ?§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §ß§Ö?§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å, §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §£§°§°§© §ë§Ö §å 1935 §â§à§è?
  • 28. §å §ã§á§à§Ü?§Û§ß§à§Þ§å §à§ä§à§é§Ö§ß§ß? §á§â§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§æ§à§â§ä§ß?§Û §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â? §á?§ã§Ý§ñ 5-10 §ç§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó?§Õ§á§à§é§Ú§ß§Ü§å; §Ù§Ñ 1 §Ô§à§Õ §Õ§à §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§Ñ§è??§ß§ä §ß§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß §Ü§å§â§Ú§ä§Ú, §á§Ú§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ó§å, §Ó§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú ?§Ø§å §ä§à§ë§à; §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ø§Ö§ä§Ñ §â§à§Ù§Þ?§ë§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß? §á§Ý§Ö§é§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â?§Ó§ß? §ã§Ö§â§è§ñ, §ë§à§Ò ?? §ß§Ú§Ø§ß?§Û §Ü§â§Ñ§Û §Ù§ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ 2-2,5 §ã§Þ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §Ý?§Ü§ä§î§à§Ó§à? §ñ§Þ§Ü§Ú, §Ñ §Þ?§Ø §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ø§Ö§ä§à§ð ? §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§ð §á§Ý§Ö§é§Ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ó §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§è§î §á§â§Ú §á§Ö§â§ê§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß? §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§Ú§Õ§Ó§à§ç §â§å§Ü§Ñ§ç. §±§à§ä?§Þ §ß§Ñ §ä?§Û, §ë§à §¡§´ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ö. §°§Ü§â§Ö§Þ? §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Þ §®.§¬§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ
  • 29. §¶§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú §³§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§Ú§Û §¡§´, §Þ§Þ §â§ä.§ã§ä. §¥?§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§Ú§Û §¡§´, §Þ§Þ §â§ä.§ã§ä. §®§Ñ§ß§Ø§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §ã§Ö§â§è§ñ (§ß§Ñ 10 §ã§Þ) ¡ý 8 ¡ý 8 §®§Ñ§ß§Ø§Ö§ä§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ö §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §ã§Ö§â§è§ñ (§ß§Ñ 10 §ã§Þ) ¡ü 8 ¡ü 8 §£?§Õ§ã§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §á?§Õ§ä§â§Ú§Þ§Ü§Ú §ã§á§Ú§ß§Ú ¡ü 8 ¡ü 6-10 §±§Ö§â§Ö§ç§â§Ö§ë§Ö§ß? §ß§à§Ô§Ú ¡ü 4 ¡ü 4 §²§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ó§Ñ §á§Ñ§è??§ß§ä§Ñ §á?§Õ §é§Ñ§ã §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ ¡ü 17 ¡ü 13 §£?§Õ§é§å§ä§ä§ñ §ç§à§Ý§à§Õ§å §Ó §á§â§Ú§Þ?§ë§Ö§ß§ß? ¡ü 11 ¡ü 13 §²§à§Ù§ä§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ã§Ö§é§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Þ?§ç§å§â§Ñ §Ñ§Ò§à §Ü§Ú§ê§Ö§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ ¡ü 27 ¡ü 22 §´§Ö§ç§ß?§é§ß? §ä§Ñ §á§Ñ§è??§ß§ä§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß? §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú, §ñ§Ü? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§î §ß§Ñ §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §¡§´ Evidence-based Hypertension, BMJ Books, 2001
  • 30. §¡§²§´§¦§²?§¡§­§¾§¯§¡ §¤?§±§¦§²§´§¦§¯§©?§Á §¦§ã§ã§Ö§ß§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ (§á§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§ß§ß§Ñ) §³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ (§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§ß§Ñ) ¡Ö 95 % ¡Ö 5 % §±?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §ß§Ö §á§à§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ù §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§à§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §é§Ú §á§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô?§é§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§à§Þ §å §ä§Ú§ç §é§Ú ?§ß§ê§Ú§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç: §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ó?§Õ§à§Þ§à§ð (?§Õ?§à§á§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ) §â§Ö§ß§à§á§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§ç?§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Ù§ß? §â§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ã§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß? §Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ü§â§Ú§ß§ß? §á§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô?§ñ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß §Ó§Ñ§Ô?§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ó§â§à§Ý§à§Ô?§é§ß? §â§à§Ù§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§î§Ü? §Ù§Ñ§ã§à§Ò§Ú
  • 31. §³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß? (§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§ß?) §¡§¤ §²§Ö§ß§à§á§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§ç?§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Ù§ß? ? §¤§Ý§à§Þ§Ö§â§å§Ý§à§ß§Ö§æ§â§Ú§ä ? §±??§Ý§à§ß§Ö§æ§â§Ú§ä ? §¥?§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§æ§â§à§á§Ñ§ä?§ñ ? §±§à§Ý?§Ü?§ã§ä§à§Ù §ß§Ú§â§à§Ü §²§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ã§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß? ? §¡§ä§Ö§â§à§ã§Ü§Ý§Ö§â§à§Ù §ß§Ú§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û ? §¶?§Ò§â§à§Þ§å§ã§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§Ù?§ñ §ß§Ú§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û ? §´§â§à§Þ§Ò§à§Ù §Ô?§Ý§à§Ü §ß§Ú§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û ? §¡§ß§Ö§Ó§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ú §ß§Ú§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û 2-3 % 1-2 %
  • 32. §³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß? (§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§ß?) §¡§¤ §¦§ß§Õ§à§Ü§â§Ú§ß§ß? ? §·§Ó§à§â§à§Ò§Ñ §ä§Ñ §ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ ?§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ-§¬§å§ê§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ ? §±§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§ß§ß§Ú§Û §Ô?§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß?§Ù§Þ (§ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ §¬§à§ß§ß§Ñ) ? §¶§Ö§à§ç§â§à§Þ§à§è§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ ? §¤?§á§à- §ä§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ú§â§Ö§à§Ù §±§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô?§ñ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §¬§à§Ñ§â§Ü§ä§Ñ§è?§ñ §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú ? §¯§Ö§ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ?§é§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§à§â§ä§à-§Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â??§ä ? §¡§ä§Ö§â§à§ã§Ü§Ý§Ö§â§à§Ù §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú ? §£?§Õ§Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ (§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ) §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§Ñ 0,5 % 0,2 %
  • 33. §¬§°§¡§²§¬§´§¡§¸?§Á §¡§°§²§´§ª §£§â§à§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú §å §Ó§Ú§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ? ?? §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ó§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §Þ?§ã§è? §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§å §Õ§å§Ô§Ú §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú §Ó §ß§Ú§Ù§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ§Õ?§Ý §¹§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §å §é§à§Ý§à§Ó?§Ü?§Ó; §±§Ñ§ä§à§æ?§Ù?§à§Ý§à§Ô?§é§ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ - §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §Þ?§ã§è§ñ §Ù§Ó§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ; §¡§´ §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß?§ç §Ü?§ß§è?§Ó§Ü§Ñ§ç §ã§å§ä§ä?§Ó§à §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §ß?§Ø §ß§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ø§ß?§ç;
  • 34. §£ §ß§à§â§Þ? §¡§´ §ß§Ñ §ß§à§Ô§Ñ§ç §ß§Ñ 15-20 §Þ§Þ §â§ä.§ã§ä. §Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §ß?§Ø §ß§Ñ §â§å§Ü§Ñ§ç
  • 35. §¡§¤, ?§ß§Õ§å§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§Þ§Ú §¤§Ý§ð§Ü§à§Ü§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à?§Õ§Ú §¯§±§©§± (?§ß§Õ§à§Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ß) §³§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Þ?§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú (§å §ä.§é. §Ü§à§Ü§Ñ?§ß) §®§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ü§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ú ?§ß§Ô?§Ò?§ä§à§â§Ú §®§¡§° §°§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ö§á§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú (§å 5% §Ø?§ß§à§Ü)
  • 36. §¦§ä?§à§Ý§à§Ô?§ñ §Ö§ã§ã§Ö§ß§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §¡§¤ §¦§ã§ã§Ö§ß§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §¡§¤ ¨C §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§à§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §å §â§à§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ü§å §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ó?§Õ§ß§å §â§à§Ý§î §Þ§Ñ? §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Õ?§ñ §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â?§Ó §ä§Ñ §ß§Ö§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ú§ç §Ö§Ü§Ù§à§Ô§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó?§Ó. §´§°§¹§¯§¡ §¦§´?§°§­§°§¤?§Á §¯§¦§£?§¥§°§®§¡ !!! §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß? §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú §¦§Ü§Ù§à§Ô§Ö§ß§ß? §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú
  • 37. §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß? §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú §³§á§Ñ§Õ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §ã§ç§Ú§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§î §å ¡Ö 50 % §ç§Ó§à§â§Ú§ç; §¡§ã§à§è?§ð?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù §á§à§Ý?§Þ§à§â§æ?§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §Ô§Ö§ß?§Ó: - §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ô§Ö§ß§Ñ; - §â§Ö§ß?§ß§Ñ; - §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§á§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§å; - §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§Ñ ??; - §Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß§ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ù§Ú; - §Ö§ß§Õ§à§ä§Ö§Ý?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? NO-§ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ§Ù§Ú;
  • 38. Suwen (Ë؆–) §·§å§Ñ§ß-§Õ? §¬§Ñ§ß§à§ß §Ó§ß§å§ä§â?§ê§ß§î§à? §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§Ú ?§¨§à§Ó§ä§Ú§Û ?§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â? §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§à 2600 §Õ§à §ß.§Ö. ?¡­ §Á§Ü§ë§à §Ó§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§å §Ü?§Ý§î§Ü?§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ý?, §ä§à §á§å§Ý§î§ã §Ò§å§Õ§Ö §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó¡¯§ñ§ß§Ú§Þ §ä§Ñ §ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§Þ¡­? §±§à§ä§Ö§ê§Ü§Ú§ß§Ñ §¯.§¤.// §£§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü §²§¤§®§µ. ¨C 2013 ¨C ¡í 2 §¯§Ñ§Õ§Þ?§â§ß§Ö §ã§á§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §ã§à§Ý?
  • 39. §¯§Ñ§Õ§Þ?§â§ß§Ö §ã§á§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §ã§à§Ý? (NaCl) §Õ§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ ¨C §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ö 5 §Ô !!! §å §á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§è?§ñ§ç, §ë§à §ã§á§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§å §Ü?§Ý§î§Ü?§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ý?, §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §Ó§ä§â§Ú§é? §Ó§Ú§ë§Ñ (§©§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§â§á§Ñ§ä§ä§ñ, §Á§á§à§ß?§ñ, §¢§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Þ§ã§î§Ü? §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ú) 50 §Þ§Ô / 100 §Ô 80 §Þ§Ô / 100 §Ô 250 §Þ§Ô / 100 §Ô 1500 §Þ§Ô / 100 §Ô 7000 §Þ§Ô / 100 §Ô
  • 40. §å 5 §â§Ñ§Ù?§Ó §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§å? §Û§Þ§à§Ó?§â§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?? §º§Ü?§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó? §Ù§Ó§Ú§é§Ü§Ú §´§ð§ä§ð§ß§à§á§Ñ§Ý?§ß§ß§ñ §©§Ý§à§Ó§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ §²§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§¤ §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ? §ß§Ñ 60% §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß? 300 §Ô / §ä§Ú§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§î
  • 41. §¯§Ñ§Õ§Þ?§â§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §ä?§Ý§Ñ §¡§¤ §Ó§Ú§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å 70% §é§à§Ý§à§Ó?§Ü?§Ó §ä§Ñ 61% §Ø?§ß§à§Ü §Ù §à§Ø§Ú§â?§ß§ß§ñ§Þ (§¶§â§Ö§Þ?§ß§Ô§Ö§Þ§ã§î§Ü§Ö §Õ§à§ã§Ý?§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ) §¯§Ñ §Ü§à§Ø§ß? §Ù§Ñ§Û§Ó? 4,5 §Ü§Ô §Þ§Ñ§ã§Ú §ä?§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý?§é§ß§Ú§Û §ä§Ú§ã§Ü §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ 4,5 §Þ§Þ §â§ä.§ã§ä.
  • 42. §¸?§Ü§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä §µ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §Ù 1950 §â. §á§à 1989 §â §ã§á§à§ã§ä§Ö§â?§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â?§Þ§Ü§Ö §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?? §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§è?§Ó. §³§Ñ§Þ§Ö §Ó §è§Ö§Û §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §Ó §³§º§¡ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ñ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ô?§á§Ö§â- §ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß? §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ú, §ë§à §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§Ý§à ?§ã§ä§à§ä§ß§à §Ù§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§à§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§à§ã§ä? §ß§Ñ §¡§¤. §© 1989 §á§à 1994 §â§à§Ü§Ú §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ§â?§Ù§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ñ §Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§à§ð §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§ð. §±§à§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§é§Ú §Ù 1995 §â§à§Ü§å §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §Ó §³§º§¡ §Ù§ß§à§Ó§å §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ñ. §±§à§ñ§ã§ß§ð§ð§ä§î §ã§ä§â?§Þ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§Ú §à§Ø§Ú§â?§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §³§º§¡ §Ù §Ü?§ß§è§ñ §·§· §ã§ä.
  • 43. §¯§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ß§ñ §æ?§Ù§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß?§ã§ä§î (§Ô?§á§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ?§ñ) §³§à§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö §ä§Ñ §Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ?§é§ß§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §©§Ó§à§â§à§ä§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§î §Þ?§Ø §â?§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §ä§Ñ §ã§à§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ?§é§ß§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§Þ. §²§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü §¡§¤ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §Ó §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ñ§Ü? §Þ§Ñ§ð§ä§î §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å (§á§ã§Ú§ç?§é§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ó§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î, §é§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §á§Ñ§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ §Ù§Ý§à§Ó§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ). §£?§Õ§ã§å§ä§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§î §ë§à§Õ§à §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý? §é§Ú §Þ?§ã§ä?. §´§Ñ§Ü, §ñ§Ü§ë§à §Ó ?§ã§á§Ñ§ß?? §¡§¤ §å §ã?§Ý§î§ã§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý?§Ó §Ù§å§ã§ä§â?§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö, §ß?§Ø §å §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ñ§ß, §ä§à §Ó §±?§Ó§Õ§Ö§ß§ß?§Û §¬§à§â§Ö?, ?§â§Ñ§ß?, §¬§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§å§ß?, §´§Ñ?§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ? ? §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§Ó§Ñ? §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§à§Ü §Ù§Ó§à§â§à§ä§ß§Ñ. §µ §ä§à§Û §Ø§Ö §é§Ñ§ã §Ó §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ?, §´§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ§ß?? ? §±§à§Ý§î§ë? §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§ß§à §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §á§à §Ó§ã?§Û §Ü§â§Ñ?§ß?.
  • 44. §±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß? §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó? §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è?? §¡§¤ ¨C §ç§Ó§à§â§à§Ò§Ñ ¡°§ß§Ö§Ó?§Õ§â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ç¡± §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û (§ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß? §Ó§Ö§Ô§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è?? §Ù §Ò§à§Ü§å §³§³§³, §ñ§Ü? §ß§Ö §ã§å§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ø§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§å§ç§à§Ó§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è?§ñ§Þ§Ú (§­§Ñ§ß§Ô §¤.§¶.) §¡§¤ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §â§à§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §á§à§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ù §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§à§ð §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§à§ð §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ô§à§ð (§Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â?, §Ó§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý?, §Ü§Ö§â?§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ö§â§Ú, §á§â§Ñ§è?§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú call-§è§Ö§ß§ä§â?§Ó §ä§à§ë§à) §£§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ñ §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ñ§Ü? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Õ§å §­§Ö§ß?§ß§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§å §á?§Õ §é§Ñ§ã 2-§à? §³§Ó?§ä§à§Ó§à? §Ó?§Û§ß§Ú §¯§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ñ §á§à§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §¡§¤ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §é§Ö§â§ß§Ú§è§î (20-§Ý?§ä§ß? §ã§á§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ 144 ?§ä§Ñ§Ý?§Û§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§Ö§â§ß§Ú§è§ñ§Þ§Ú ¨C Timio et al, 1988)
  • 45. §¤?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ §Ò?§Ý§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ä§å §±?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §á?§Õ §é§Ñ§ã §Û§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ. §±§â§Ú §Õ§à§Ò§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Þ§à§ß?§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§å §ä§Ú§ã§Ü §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó§Ú§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§å§ä§ä?§Ó§à §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ú§Þ, §ß?§Ø §Ó §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§ñ §Ñ§Ò§à §Þ§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§ã§ä§â§Ú; §±?§Õ§Û§à§Þ §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §Ó?§Õ§Ò§å§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§å, §ë§à §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ? §å §à§ã?§Ò §Ù ?§ß§Ö§ã§ä?§Û§Ü§à§ð? §ß§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ó§à§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§à§ð §á§â§Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ß§ß? §Õ§à §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§ñ. §³§á§à§ã§ä§Ö§â?§Ô§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å 20-40% §ç§Ó§à§â§Ú§ç §Ù §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ð §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù??§ð; §¹§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §å §Ø?§ß§à§Ü; §¹§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §Ó §à§ã?§Ò §Ù §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §â?§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §à§ã§Ó?§ä§Ú;
  • 47. §¤?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§à§Ò§à§é§à§Þ§å §Þ?§ã§è? §£?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§à §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß§Ö §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´ §Ó§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§à§ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§å §â§à§Ò§à§ä§Ú; §²?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §¡§´, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ð?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§à§Ò§à§ä? §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§à §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ó§ß?, §ñ§Ü? §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ñ§ß? §Ó §á§à§Ý?§Ü§Ý?§ß?§è? §Ý?§Ü§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ §é§Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§ã§ä§â§à§ð. §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü?§Û §Ù§Ñ§â§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß? §¯§Ö§Ó§á§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ó §Ù§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß? §â§à§Ò§à§é§à§Ô§à §Þ?§ã§è§ñ §ä§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ú§ä§Ú§ã§ñ ¡°§Ù§Ñ §Ò§à§â§ä§à§Þ¡± §¯§Ö§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§à §Ü§Ñ§â'?§â§ß?§Û §Õ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ß?
  • 48. §¥§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Þ§à§ß?§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ß? §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§´: §¥§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ö ¨C 130/80 §Þ§Þ §â§ä.§ã§ä. §£§Õ§Ö§ß§î ¨C 140/90 §Þ§Þ. §â§ä.§ã§ä. §£§ß§à§é? ¨C 120/70 §Þ§Þ §â§ä.§ã§ä.
  • 51. §¶§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú §â§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü§å §Ö§ã§ã§Ö§ß§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §¡§¤ §£?§¬ ?§¡§¤ ¨C §ç§Ó§à§â§à§Ò§Ñ §à§ã§Ö§ß? §Ø§Ú§ä§ä§ñ, §ë§à §á§à§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ? ?? §Þ§à§Ø§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Õ§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ú §Õ§à §Ù§Ú§Þ§Ú? (§°.§°. §¢§à§Ô§à§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§è§î) §³§´§¡§´§¾ §¥§à 40 §â§à§Ü?§Ó ¨C §é§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §é§à§Ý§à§Ó?§Ü§Ú, §á?§ã§Ý§ñ 40 §â§à§Ü?§Ó ¨C §é§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §Ø?§ß§Ü§Ú §¦§´§¯?§¹§¯§ª§« §¶§¡§¬§´§°§² §¹§Ñ§ã§ä?§ê§Ö §Ó §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§Ô§â§à?§Õ§ß§à? §â§Ñ§ã§Ú
  • 52. §¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ I. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?? §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §ß§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú: §Ñ) §Ù?§ä§Ü§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã?§Ó §å§Þ§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ ? §Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§Þ§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §ë§à §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à §â§à§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ü§å §Ó §ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ß (§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§Ü, §Þ§Ñ§Ó§á) §ß§Ö§Ó§â§à§Ù§å; §Ò) §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§à? §ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ô§Ú §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§à§à§ã§à§è?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý?§Ü§ä§å (§å §Þ§Ñ§Ó§á), §Ù§Þ?§ß §Ò?§à§â§Ú§ä§Þ?§Ó, ?§Þ§Þ§à§Ò?§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ß;
  • 53. §¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ ?I. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Þ§à§Ù§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§à§Ó§à- ? §Ý?§Þ§æ§à§à§Ò?§Ô§å: §Ñ) §à§Õ§ß§à- ? §Õ§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó¡¯§ñ§Ù§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §ã§à§ß§ß§Ú§ç ? §Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û, §ë§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Ù§à§Ü (§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-?§ê§Ö§Þ?§é§ß§Ñ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ); §Ò) §Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §Ý?§Þ§æ§à§Ó?§Õ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§ß§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç ? §á§Ö§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ã§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ú§ç §Ý?§Þ§æ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§ç§ê§Ý§ñ§ç§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§à§ð §Ü§Ñ§à§Ý?§ß§å, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä§î §å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§å §è§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§â§ß§å §Þ§à§Ù§Ü§å.
  • 54. §¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ III. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?? §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§à§â§ß§Ú§ç §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§ß§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ: §Ñ) §Õ§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß? §á§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §ã§Ú§ß§å§ã§ß§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§â§Ó?§Ó, §å §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä? §é§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß?§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§Þ?§Ó§ß? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ú §Ù §Ò§Ñ§â§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â?§Ó §Õ§å§Ô§Ú §Ñ§à§â§ä§Ú ? §Ü§Ñ§â§à§ä§Ú§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ú§ß§å§ã§Ñ (§â§Ö§æ§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§à§Ô§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ, §Ñ§Ò§à §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ §â§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§Þ§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ); §Ò) §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ñ§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§è?§ñ §Ò§Ñ§â§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â?§Ó, §ñ§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä§î §å§ê§Ü§à§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §ñ§Õ§â§Ñ §ã§à§Ý?§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§å;
  • 55. §¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ IV. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?? §ß§Ú§â§à§Ü: §Ñ) §Ù§Ó§å§Ø§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§à§ç §ß§Ú§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Û §Ñ§Ò§à §Ù§Ó§å§Ø§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §à§Õ§ß??? §ß§Ú§â§Ü§à§Ó§à? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?? §Ù §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à? §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §ß§Ú§â§Ü§Ú (§â§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ã§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ). §Ò) §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§à§ç §ß§Ú§â§à§Ü ? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ß §ß§Ñ §Ô§Ö§Þ§à§Õ?§Ñ§Ý?§Ù §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ò?§Ô§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §å§â§Ö§Þ?? (§â§Ö§ß§à§á§â§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ).
  • 56. §¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ V. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ô§à§â§Þ§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§å: §Ñ) §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à? §Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§à§ã§ä? §Ü§å§ç§à§ß§ß§à? §ã§à§Ý?; §Ò) §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Þ?§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§à§Ü§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à?§Õ?§Ó (§Õ§Ö§Ù§à§Ü§ã§Ú§Ü§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß§å, §Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß§å); §Ó) §á§à?§Õ§ß§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ü§å§ç§à§ß§ß§à? §ã§à§Ý? §Û §Þ?§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§à§Ü§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à?§Õ?§Ó. §Ñ) §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß§å; §Ò) §Ó§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß§å; VI. §±§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§à§Õ§ß§à-§ã§à§Ý§î§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Þ?§ß§å:
  • 57. §¦§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß? §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §¡§¤ VII. §®§à§Õ§Ö§Ý? §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§à §à§Ò§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?? §µ §Ò§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î§à§ç §Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§â§Ñ§ä§à§â?§ñ§ç §ã§Ó?§ä§å §Ó§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§à §é§Ú§ã§ä? §Ý?§ß?? §ë§å§â?§Ó, §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§ß§à§ð §â§Ú§ã§à§ð §ñ§Ü§Ú§ç ? §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù?§ñ - §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ, §ë§à §ã§á§Ñ§Õ§Ü§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ: - §ë§å§â§Ú §Ù? §ã§á§à§ß§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ð §Ô?§á§Ö§â§ä§Ö§ß§Ù??§ð (§Ý?§ß?§ñ §°§Ü§Ñ§Þ§à§ä§à - §¡§à§Ü?); -§ë§å§â§Ú, §ã§ç§Ú§Ý§î§ß? §Õ§à ?§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä?§Ó; -§ß§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§ã§î§Ü? §ë§å§â§Ú, - §Þ?§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§î§Ü? §ë§å§â§Ú; - §ë§å§â§Ú, §é§å§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó? §Õ§à §ã§à§Ý§î§à§Ó§à? §Õ??§ä§Ú;
  • 58. §¬§°§¯§¸§¦§±§¸?? §±§¡§´§°§¤§¦§¯§¦§©§µ §¥§Ú§ã§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§ß§Ñ ? §±§à§ñ§ã§ß§ð? §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §¡§¤ §á§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß?§Ù§Þ?§Ó §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§è?? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§å§Õ§Ú§ß§ß§Ñ ? §¡§¤ ¨C §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§ß§ß§Ú§ç §á§à§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§î §å §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ'§ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§Ý?§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §â§Ö§Ù§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß
  • 59. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å ? §·§°§¬ (Q) ?1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §°§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §¸§¯§³ §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §¬§Ñ§ä§Ö§ç§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ?§ß§Ú (§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß, §ß§à§â§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß) ? §¹§³§³ ¦Á1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R)
  • 60. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å ? §·§°§¬ (Q) ?1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §°§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §¸§¯§³ §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §¬§Ñ§ä§Ö§ç§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ?§ß§Ú (§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß, §ß§à§â§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß) ? §¹§³§³ ¦Á1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R) §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú
  • 61. §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §²§Ö§ß?§ß §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ? §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ?? §²§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §Õ§à §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§å ?? §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß- §á§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ð§ð§é§Ú§Û §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä (§¡§±§¶) ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R)
  • 62. §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §²§Ö§ß?§ß §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ? §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ?? §²§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §Õ§à §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§å ?? §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß- §á§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ð§ð§é§Ú§Û §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä (§¡§±§¶) ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R) §£§Ú§Õ?§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß§å
  • 63. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? Na2+ ? §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §£§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß (§¡§¥§¤) ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? H2O §¤?§á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§Þ?§ñ (? §°§¸§¬) ? §·§°§¬ (Q)
  • 64. ? §ç§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò'?§Þ§å §Ü§â§à§Ó? (Q) §¡§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§ß§Ú§Û §ã§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§à§Ý §¤?§á§Ö§â§ä§â§à§æ?§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§ñ§Ù?§Ó §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß §¡§â§ä§Ö§â?§à§Ý§à§ã§Ü§Ý§Ö§â§à§Ù ? §à§á§à§â§å §á§Ö§â§Ú§æ§Ö§â§Ú§é§ß§Ú§ç §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß (R) ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å
  • 65. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å ? §·§°§¬ (Q) ?1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §°§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §¸§¯§³ §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §¬§Ñ§ä§Ö§ç§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ?§ß§Ú (§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß, §ß§à§â§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß) ? §¹§³§³ ¦Á1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R) §±§¡§´§°§¤§¦§¯§¦§´§ª§¹§¯§¦ §­?§¬§µ§£§¡§¯§¯§Á
  • 66. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å ? §·§°§¬ (Q) ?1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ö§Þ§à§è?§Û§ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§á§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §°§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó §¸§¯§³ §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§à§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §¬§Ñ§ä§Ö§ç§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ?§ß§Ú (§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß, §ß§à§â§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý?§ß) ? §¹§³§³ ¦Á1-§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R) §±§¡§´§°§¤§¦§¯§¦§´§ª§¹§¯§¦ §­?§¬§µ§£§¡§¯§¯§Á §¡§Õ§â§Ö§ß§à§Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ú
  • 67. §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §²§Ö§ß?§ß §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ? §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ?? §²§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §Õ§à §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§å ?? §¡§±§¶ ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R)
  • 68. §¡§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è?§ñ §â§Ö§ß?§ß-§Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§à§Ó§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §²§Ö§ß?§ß §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ? §¡§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß ?? §²§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â§Ú §Õ§à §Ñ§ß§Ô?§à§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§å ?? §¡§±§¶ ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §³§á§Ñ§Ù§Þ §ã§å§Õ§Ú§ß ? §°§±§³ (R) ?§ß§Ô?§Ò?§ä§à§â§Ú §¡§±§¶ §¢§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ú §â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§à§â?§Ó §Ñ§ß§Ô?§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ß§å (§¢§²§¡)
  • 69. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? Na2+ ? §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §£§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß (§¡§¥§¤) ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? H2O §¤?§á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§Þ?§ñ (? §°§¸§¬) ? §·§°§¬ (Q)
  • 70. ? §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â?§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §¡§Ý§î§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§ß ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? Na2+ ? §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§ã§Ü§å §£§Ñ§Ù§à§á§â§Ö§ã§Ú§ß (§¡§¥§¤) ? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§â§Ò§è?? H2O §¤?§á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§Þ?§ñ (? §°§¸§¬) ? §·§°§¬ (Q) §¥?§µ§²§¦§´§ª§¬§ª §£§Ö§â§à§ê§á?§â§à§ß