An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a direct connection between an artery and vein, bypassing the capillary system. This decreases oxygen delivery to tissues and increases oxygen levels in venous blood. AVMs can be congenital or acquired, and range from low to high blood flow. High flow AVMs are prone to rupture as the thin-walled veins cannot handle the increased blood pressure and flow without natural dampening in the capillaries. Treatment options include surgical resection, embolization to occlude the AVM, or stereotactic radiosurgery for smaller, deeper lesions.
13. MANAGEMENT
SURGICAL RESECTION
EMBOLISATION
Onyx-18, 34 AVM
ONYX 500 - ANEURYSM
STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY
FOR DEEPER LESION OF LESS THAN 3 CM
14. POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATION
NORMAL PERFUSION PRESSURE BREAKTHROUGH
Swelling or hemorrhage due to loss of autoregulation
- Patient pretreated with propanolol 20mg QID TO
MINIMISE THIS EFFECT
OCCLUSIVE HYPEREMIA.
MAY BE DUE TO OCCLUSION OF DRAINING VEIN OR
DUE TO THROMBOSIS (DELAYED EFFECT)
15. POST OPERATIVELY
CATHETER ANGIOGRAPHY AT 1 YEAR AND AT 5
YEAR AFTER TREATMENT