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Galina Trushkina

This document provides guidelines for using definite and indefinite articles (a/an, the) in English. It explains that "a/an" is used for non-specific, general references while "the" is used for specific or unique things. It lists many examples of when to use definite vs. indefinite articles with nouns like countries, languages, streets, vehicles, illnesses and more. The document aims to clearly define the rules for article usage in different contexts.

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A / An / - The Something is mentioned for the first time. = I bought a new shirt. Something is mentioned for the second time. = The shirt is blue. With singular countable nouns when we talk about them in general. After the verb to be / have got. = I have got a cat. When we speak about inventions. =When was the telephone invented? When we refer to a group of people/animals/things. = A dolphin is a clever creature. When we speak about species of animals. = The blue whale is a sea creature. With uncountable and plural nouns when talking about something in general. = Dolphins are clever creatures. = Trees produce oxygen. When we are talking about something specific / unique = the sky; the moon; the Earth; = the equator; the North Pole; the North = The blue whale is a sea creature. Definite Indefinite Articles
- The With the names of islands; mountains; countries = Great Britain; = Everest; = America With proper nouns = Smith; Tom Nationality = I am Russian With the groups of islands; mountain ranges; countries when they include words: state, kingdom, republic, etc. = the British Isles; = the Urals; With names of family = the Smiths; the Browns Organizations = the UN Nationality as a whole group = the Americans With the names of languages: = I speak French. With the names of languages when they are followed by the word language: = The French language is spoken in some parts of Canada. Zero/Definite Articles
- The With titles = Queen Elizabeth; = King Arthur With titles when the name is not mentioned = the Queen; = the Prime Minister With names of lakes = Lake Baikal (but: = the Baikal Lake) With the names of oceans, seas, rivers, deserts = the Indian Ocean; = the Black Sea; = the Volga; = the Sahara Zero/Definite Articles
- The Continents = North America; Countries = France; Russia; Cities = Moscow; Paris; Streets = Oxford Street Parks = Hide Park Squares = Red Square Railway stations = Victoria Station Bridges = Tower Bridge Countries = the RF; the UK; the USA = the Netherlands; the Sudan; the Vatican City Streets = the High Street; the Strand; the Mall; the A19 With the location of places = the north of England Bridges = the Bridge of Sighs Zero/Definite Articles
- The With two-word names when the first word is the name of a person or place = Heathrow Airport; Buckingham Palace; (but: = the White House) With names of pubs, shops, banks and hotels named after the people who started them and end in s or s : = Harrods; Lloyds Bank; Emmas pub; (but: = the Black Bull pub) With the names of Hotels: = the Sheraton Hotel; Theatres / Cinemas: = the Odeon Theatre; Ships: = the Queen Mary; Museums: = the Louvre; the Eiffel Tower Newspapers / magazines: = the Times (but: Times magazine) Zero/Definite Articles
- The With the words school, church, bed, hospital, college, university, court, prison or home, work when we refer to the purpose for which they exist. = Jack was in prison. (He was a prisoner.) = She is at work. but: = His mother went to the prison to see him. (She went to the prison as a visitor.) With the words station, shop, cinema, pub, library, city, village, etc. = She went to the hotel. Zero/Definite Articles
- The With the words this / that / these / those: = this bag; those cars With adjectives / adverbs in the superlative form. = She is the most intelligent woman Ive ever met. With possessive adjectives or the possessive case: = That isnt my car. = Its Kates car. With the possessive case: = The boys car is blue. With the words home / father / mother when we talk about our own home/parents. = Father is at home. With the words only, last, first (used as adjectives). = He was the last person to arrive. Zero/Definite Articles
- The With the names of days, months: = Saturday; November With the names of celebrations: = New Year; Easter With historical periods / events. = the Stone Age; the Middle Ages; = the First World War But: = World War I With the word night / noon / midnight / : = at night; at noon; at midnight; = at 4 oclock; = by day/ by night With the words morning / afternoon / evening : = in the morning; = in the evening; = in the afternoon Zero/Definite Articles
- The With the names of sports, games, activities: = play football With the names of musical instruments and dances: = the piano; = the violin; = the tango With means of transport: by bus / by plane / by train / etc. = She travelled by plane. With means of transport after prepositions in / on = on the bus; on the plain; on the train; etc. = in the car; in the taxi; in the helicopter. = She left on the 8 oclock bus. Zero/Definite Articles
- The With the names of illnesses: = Hes got malaria. With the names of illnesses: = flu / the flu; = measles / the measles; = mumps / the mumps With the names of drinks, meals: = have breakfast; a cup of coffee With colours: My favourite colour is red. Zero/Definite Articles

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  • 2. A / An / - The Something is mentioned for the first time. = I bought a new shirt. Something is mentioned for the second time. = The shirt is blue. With singular countable nouns when we talk about them in general. After the verb to be / have got. = I have got a cat. When we speak about inventions. =When was the telephone invented? When we refer to a group of people/animals/things. = A dolphin is a clever creature. When we speak about species of animals. = The blue whale is a sea creature. With uncountable and plural nouns when talking about something in general. = Dolphins are clever creatures. = Trees produce oxygen. When we are talking about something specific / unique = the sky; the moon; the Earth; = the equator; the North Pole; the North = The blue whale is a sea creature. Definite Indefinite Articles
  • 3. - The With the names of islands; mountains; countries = Great Britain; = Everest; = America With proper nouns = Smith; Tom Nationality = I am Russian With the groups of islands; mountain ranges; countries when they include words: state, kingdom, republic, etc. = the British Isles; = the Urals; With names of family = the Smiths; the Browns Organizations = the UN Nationality as a whole group = the Americans With the names of languages: = I speak French. With the names of languages when they are followed by the word language: = The French language is spoken in some parts of Canada. Zero/Definite Articles
  • 4. - The With titles = Queen Elizabeth; = King Arthur With titles when the name is not mentioned = the Queen; = the Prime Minister With names of lakes = Lake Baikal (but: = the Baikal Lake) With the names of oceans, seas, rivers, deserts = the Indian Ocean; = the Black Sea; = the Volga; = the Sahara Zero/Definite Articles
  • 5. - The Continents = North America; Countries = France; Russia; Cities = Moscow; Paris; Streets = Oxford Street Parks = Hide Park Squares = Red Square Railway stations = Victoria Station Bridges = Tower Bridge Countries = the RF; the UK; the USA = the Netherlands; the Sudan; the Vatican City Streets = the High Street; the Strand; the Mall; the A19 With the location of places = the north of England Bridges = the Bridge of Sighs Zero/Definite Articles
  • 6. - The With two-word names when the first word is the name of a person or place = Heathrow Airport; Buckingham Palace; (but: = the White House) With names of pubs, shops, banks and hotels named after the people who started them and end in s or s : = Harrods; Lloyds Bank; Emmas pub; (but: = the Black Bull pub) With the names of Hotels: = the Sheraton Hotel; Theatres / Cinemas: = the Odeon Theatre; Ships: = the Queen Mary; Museums: = the Louvre; the Eiffel Tower Newspapers / magazines: = the Times (but: Times magazine) Zero/Definite Articles
  • 7. - The With the words school, church, bed, hospital, college, university, court, prison or home, work when we refer to the purpose for which they exist. = Jack was in prison. (He was a prisoner.) = She is at work. but: = His mother went to the prison to see him. (She went to the prison as a visitor.) With the words station, shop, cinema, pub, library, city, village, etc. = She went to the hotel. Zero/Definite Articles
  • 8. - The With the words this / that / these / those: = this bag; those cars With adjectives / adverbs in the superlative form. = She is the most intelligent woman Ive ever met. With possessive adjectives or the possessive case: = That isnt my car. = Its Kates car. With the possessive case: = The boys car is blue. With the words home / father / mother when we talk about our own home/parents. = Father is at home. With the words only, last, first (used as adjectives). = He was the last person to arrive. Zero/Definite Articles
  • 9. - The With the names of days, months: = Saturday; November With the names of celebrations: = New Year; Easter With historical periods / events. = the Stone Age; the Middle Ages; = the First World War But: = World War I With the word night / noon / midnight / : = at night; at noon; at midnight; = at 4 oclock; = by day/ by night With the words morning / afternoon / evening : = in the morning; = in the evening; = in the afternoon Zero/Definite Articles
  • 10. - The With the names of sports, games, activities: = play football With the names of musical instruments and dances: = the piano; = the violin; = the tango With means of transport: by bus / by plane / by train / etc. = She travelled by plane. With means of transport after prepositions in / on = on the bus; on the plain; on the train; etc. = in the car; in the taxi; in the helicopter. = She left on the 8 oclock bus. Zero/Definite Articles
  • 11. - The With the names of illnesses: = Hes got malaria. With the names of illnesses: = flu / the flu; = measles / the measles; = mumps / the mumps With the names of drinks, meals: = have breakfast; a cup of coffee With colours: My favourite colour is red. Zero/Definite Articles