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ATLA Maritime Technology strategy

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Warren Edge
Warren Edge

This document outlines the strategy and future technologies being pursued by the Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency (ATLA) of the Ministry of Defense in Japan. It discusses ATLA's research focus on developing future maritime systems like submarines, ships, and torpedoes using revolutionary technologies like superconducting motors and magnetically levitated launching systems. The strategy involves both needs-based and seeds-based research, as well as domestic and international cooperation. The goal is to develop more capable, affordable and timely defense equipment to deal with changing security threats.

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June, 23rd, 2016 Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Agency (ATLA), Ministry of Defense Japan Commissioner, Hideaki Watanabe, Ph.D Technological Strategy for Future Maritime Systems 1
1. Research & Development of ATLA 2. Future Maritime Systems technologies 3. Strategy for Future technology 4. Conclusion Contents 2
1. Research & Development of ATLA 3
Internationalized Defense Equipment & Technology Need for Sustaining and Fostering Domestic Industry Need for Acquisition Reform ? Provide program management throughout the lifecycle ? Tackle various challenges such as strengthening project management ability Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA) Increasingly Severe Security Situation Background for ATLA 4
? Contribute improvement of defense capabilities ? Prompt acquisition in emergency, efficient maintenance and supply ? High technology as deterrent purpose ? Stable procurement ? Keep advantages for international procurement and cooperative research Goal of R&DHigh-QualityImmediateLow-Cost The goal is to procure necessary equipment with higher quality, more immediate, lower cost to acquire high quality equipment quickly, certainly, stably, and efficiently to deal with the new threats or various circumstances effectively. Purpose of ATLA Purpose of ATLA & Goal of our R&D 5
Secretariat Dept. of Equipment Policy Dept. of Project Management Dept. of Procurement Management Dept. of Technology Strategy Deputy Commissioner & Chief Defense Scientist Number of Personnel 1780 (U:407 C:1373) Defense Minister Dept. of Procurement Operations Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency (ATLA) 3 Test Centers DG, (Joint , Ground, Naval, Aerial) Systems Assistant Commissioner 4 Research Centers ADTeC4 Departments for Development 1 Department for Naval Ship Design Research (Seeds-push type) Development (Needs-pull type) Commissioner, ATLA 6
Operational Needs preparation defense power R&D Operation equip Acquisition Operational Requirement Direct acquisition Follow up Improvement Request Changes of circumstances Seeds-push type based on the technical possibilities (seeds) Needs-pull type based on needs from user (JSDF staffs) R&D needsTechnical solution R&D flow chart 7
Recent Research Activities (Seeds-base) Launcher & Sensor Research on Hybrid Propulsion System Research on Active Protection System Research on Lightweight Airframe Structure Long-endurance and Large Displacement UUV, and its High Performance Fuel Cell Research of Shock Resistant Submarine Structure Turbofan Engine for Future Fighter Counter IED System Airborne RF/IR Sensor System Dual-band IR (QDIP) SatelliteCBRN Threat Assessment System Ground Systems Naval Systems Air Systems Sensor SystemsAdvanced Systems Radar system IR sensor 8
Recent Research Activities (Needs-base) Bow sonar (Existing) Submarine search VDS: Variable Depth Sonar TASS: Towed Array Sonar System Transmitting signals Research on multi-static sonar C Variable Depth Sonar System MTDP: Medium Term Defense Program (JFY2014 - 2018) and more 9 Link Receiving signals Receiving signals Receiver (TASS) Acoustic Source (VDS)
2. Future Maritime Systems technologies 10
Future Maritime Systems Concept of ATLA 11 Future Self Defense Fleet Concept Future Small multi-purpose ship Concept Future Submarine Concept
Future Submarine Concept of ATLA 12 Platform capability ? Long compartment structure ? Flow noise reduction Components ? UEP/Magnetic signature reduction ? Environment Control System ? High efficiency compact motor ? Noise-reduction/Power saving Subsystems Combat capability ? Advanced Sonar System ? Future torpedo(Silence Type) ? Future CDS ? Underwater Communication Network ? Future TCM (ATT) Future torpedo (Silence Type) Distributed Autonomous type Sonar Underwater Communication Network գգ Future TCM (ATT) Future CDS գգ UEP reduction device VDS: Variable Depth Sonar TASS: Towed Array Sonar System Superconducting motor Discharge sound reduction
Future Submarine Road Map (1/2) 13 Structure Technology Stealth Technology Environment Control Technology Superconducting Motor Technology NOW 10 Years 20 Years Future Submarine System Structure Structure type Core Tech. : Material and Structure technology ? Whole Crush prediction ? Frame shape evaluation Stealth Body Flow noise reduction Components Commercial Tech. Application Accuracy flow field prediction ? Propulsion Noise reduction technology ? Body shape optimization technology Environment Control System Air purification technology ? Low-concentration VOC removal technology ? Continuous VOC removal technology Propulsion systemHigh-efficiency motor) Superconducting motor technology ? Cooling technology ? Power exchange/control technology ? Superconducting motor system integration technology Core Tech. : Propulsion Technology Commercial Tech. ApplicationSuperconducting Coil Advance Pressure hull structure ? Crush strength prediction technology ? Shell plate crush strength prediction technology b/w the reinforcing frame UEP reduction ? Submarine bottom UEP measurement ? Submarine Electromagnetic field measurement ? UEP reduction VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
Future Submarine Road Map (2/2) 14 Command Direction System (CDS) Technology Advanced Torpedo Firing System Technology Future Submarine Weapon System Advanced Torpedo Firing System Technology Advanced Torpedo Firing System Device ? High power technology ? Magnetic Shield Technology ? Magnetically levitated Torpedo Firing system Commercial Tech. Application Magnetic levitation Future CDS New CDS device technology ? Tactical situation prediction technology ? Target information integration technology ? Underwater radiation noise estimation technique NOW 10 Years 20 Years
Revolutionary Technology (1/3) Superconductive and Magnetically levitated Submarine subsystems Overview ? Compared to conventional motor, Superconducting technology allows motor to be larger torque and more compact. These benefits would lead submarine to improvement of the Anti- detection capability and expansion underwater time thanks to faster maximum cruse speed. ? Restriction of conventional motor due to torque constraint is required to be larger propulsion size. In order to address this issue, Superconducting motor with high power density plays an crucial role to be higher torque as well as smaller motor size. 15 Power Shaft Helium gas for Cooling Approx. 40K-233棩 Superconducting coil (Coil material: Yttrium-Barium-Copper Oxide) Stator Rotor Superconducting Motor for Submarine
Revolutionary Technology (2/3) 16 Threat Conventional Future Submarine with Superconducting motor Underwaterspeed Compact High Performance High Agility High Efficiency Superconducting Motor Technology advance by Noise reduction Operation image Higher speed Lower speed
Revolutionary Technology (3/3) Magnetically levitated Torpedo Firing system Overview Appling Magnetic Levitation technology to torpedo firing system allows to reduce noise during firing, which leads to lower detection probability by other submarines. 17 Direct Drive Type Magnetically levitated torpedo (or launching device) Rail (Stator) Torpedo Torpedo Torpedo Rotor Supply tube Rail (Stator)RotorMagnetic levitation Flow Controller (Inverter, etc.) Rotor Stator Controller (Inverter, etc.) Supply tube Magnetic levitation Piston Drive Type Applied Image (Underwater Firing System )
3. Strategy for Future Technology 18
ATLAs Technology Strategy October 1, 2015 TRDI (Technology Research and Development Institute) Internal Bureau (Finance and Equipment) ATLA Policy of defense equipment R&D R&D projects The 5th Science & Technology Basic Plan (January 22, 2016) Contribution to defense capability building Creating more capable, affordable and timely defense equipment Apply Science & Technology innovations to deal with the issues of national security Enhancing the application of Dual-use technology ATLA is developing the Technology Strategy The three components of Technology Strategy Defense Technology Strategy Medium-to-Long Term Defense Technology Outlook Promoting technology transfers from commercial to defense equipment R&D Vision for the Future Fighter New Funding System Cooperation Before After Defense Technology R&D visions 19
Dual-use Technology Element technologies mainly used in commercial sector - Composite Materials (Material technology) - Semiconductor Technology Element technologies mainly used in defense equipment Defense Technology Carbon Fiber Composite Structure Semiconductor Elements (Sensor Material) Fighters ? Light weight Structure ? Radio Wave Absorption Structure ? Active Phased Array Radar Guided Weapons ?Supersensitivity Sensor FPS-4 Civil Technology Passenger Plane EHF Collision Prevention Automotive Radar The Definition of Dual-Use Technology Precipitation Rader 20
R&D Vision for the Future Fighter To be realized in 20 years To be realized in 30 to 40 years Electronic warfare resistant, Fly by Light (FBL) already at a technological level ready for development Next-Generation High-Power Radar Next-Generation avionics technologies advanced integrated sensor, self- protection with spherical coverage Superior stealth against enemies Technologies to enhance stealth capability paint/coating, internal weapon carriage, engine intake Cloud Shooting integrated fire control, advanced cockpit Cloud with Future Assets Integrated fire control technologies with swarm control Light-Speed Weapon Directed energy weapon technologies high power laser, high power microwave i3FIGHTER With high counter-stealth capability Next-Generation High-Power Slim Engine Next-generation engine technologies engine component, system integration F-2 21
Medium-to-Long Term Defense Technology Outlook Changes in the Operational Environment ?Joint Operation ?Information Superiority Change in the Security Environment ?Response to Diverse Contingencies ?International Pease Cooperation ?Tight Defense Budget Capabilities Needed Trends in S&T ?Progress of COTS Technology ?Emerging Technology Analysis on Defense Technologies 22
Establish funding to discover ingenious research by universities, NRDA (National Research and Development Agencies) research institutes, and companies, etc., which may be applicable to defense equipment, thereby promoting promising Seed research. Utilize the output technology for R&D of future equipment. Result of research (Dual-use-technology) Civil Application Research institutions in Japan University, NRDA, etc. MOD/ATLA Award contract to bright proposals Propose technical solutions Present themes Overview of the program Company Ingenious and advanced technology New Funding System 23
Cooperation with Domestic Research Institutes Comparison of target domain with domestic research institutes information-gathering satellite RIKEN JAXA NEDO JST JAMSTEC JAEA AIST Universities Fundamental Research Applied Research Development Practical Use MODATLATop Down Type (Need-pull) Bottom up Type (Seeds-push) Seeds-push technology TRL36 Needs-pull technology TRL59 Follow up TRL79 New Funding SystemTRL13 Cooperation with Domestic institute And more Cooperation with oversea Management of technology Contribution to defense capability building 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9TRL 24
Technical information exchange of Unmanned Vehicle and Underwater Acoustics Data Transmitting Area of UUV Data Receiving Area of USV Side view The expansion of activity area by extension of the communication range Unmanned Vehicle and Underwater Acoustics Base Satellite Acoustic multiplex communication and Positioning Cooperative Research with JAMSTEC 25
Japan C U.S. Cooperative Activities Strengthening of cooperation with overseas 1990 2000 2010 SM-3 Cooperative Development (06-) High-Speed Multi-Hull Vessel Research (14-) Ducted Rocket Engine(92-99) Cooperative Research : 17 Cooperative Development : 1 26
Japan C U.S. Cooperative Research High-Speed Multi-hull Vessel Optimization (HSMVO) ڤװe ٺ߿ ش΁I|˸O 帱 楯ǥåǥå ӓe Objectives To establish validated design processes and methods to optimize hydrodynamic and structural performance of multi-hull ships Wide Deck High Speed Good Stability Cross Deck Main Hull Front Trimaran: The ship that comprises a main hull and two side hulls Cross Deck Side Hull Side Hull Side Hull Side Main Hull Main Hull 27
Cooperative Research with Australia 1. Overview ? JP: Naval Systems Research Center (NSRC), ATLA / AU: Defence Science & Technology Group (DSTG) ? Research Term: Approx. 4years (2015.12) 2. Object 3. Prospect ? Improvement the accuracy of estimation about propulsion capabilities or silence degrees. ? Applying the results to various ships because the model used for this research shapes general cruising vehicles. Estimation of cavitation around propellers Cavitation: the phenomenon of generating bubbles around rotating propellers Flow field: flow velocity or pressure Evaluation and estimation of the flow field 28
4. Conclusion 29
4. Four purposes of ATLA as conclusion 1. Securing Technology Advance 2. Procurement Innovation through Project Management 3. International Equipment & Technological Cooperation 4. Maintaining and Strengthening Defense Production and Technological Bases Formulate technological tactics, utilize funding systems., cooperate with domestic/ international institutes Under the strategical consideration, cooperate with international counterparts Acquire effectively and efficiency by the choice of R&D and contracts Improve the contract systems and make efforts regarding R&D systems 30

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ATLA Maritime Technology strategy

  • 1. June, 23rd, 2016 Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Agency (ATLA), Ministry of Defense Japan Commissioner, Hideaki Watanabe, Ph.D Technological Strategy for Future Maritime Systems 1
  • 2. 1. Research & Development of ATLA 2. Future Maritime Systems technologies 3. Strategy for Future technology 4. Conclusion Contents 2
  • 3. 1. Research & Development of ATLA 3
  • 4. Internationalized Defense Equipment & Technology Need for Sustaining and Fostering Domestic Industry Need for Acquisition Reform ? Provide program management throughout the lifecycle ? Tackle various challenges such as strengthening project management ability Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA) Increasingly Severe Security Situation Background for ATLA 4
  • 5. ? Contribute improvement of defense capabilities ? Prompt acquisition in emergency, efficient maintenance and supply ? High technology as deterrent purpose ? Stable procurement ? Keep advantages for international procurement and cooperative research Goal of R&DHigh-QualityImmediateLow-Cost The goal is to procure necessary equipment with higher quality, more immediate, lower cost to acquire high quality equipment quickly, certainly, stably, and efficiently to deal with the new threats or various circumstances effectively. Purpose of ATLA Purpose of ATLA & Goal of our R&D 5
  • 6. Secretariat Dept. of Equipment Policy Dept. of Project Management Dept. of Procurement Management Dept. of Technology Strategy Deputy Commissioner & Chief Defense Scientist Number of Personnel 1780 (U:407 C:1373) Defense Minister Dept. of Procurement Operations Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency (ATLA) 3 Test Centers DG, (Joint , Ground, Naval, Aerial) Systems Assistant Commissioner 4 Research Centers ADTeC4 Departments for Development 1 Department for Naval Ship Design Research (Seeds-push type) Development (Needs-pull type) Commissioner, ATLA 6
  • 7. Operational Needs preparation defense power R&D Operation equip Acquisition Operational Requirement Direct acquisition Follow up Improvement Request Changes of circumstances Seeds-push type based on the technical possibilities (seeds) Needs-pull type based on needs from user (JSDF staffs) R&D needsTechnical solution R&D flow chart 7
  • 8. Recent Research Activities (Seeds-base) Launcher & Sensor Research on Hybrid Propulsion System Research on Active Protection System Research on Lightweight Airframe Structure Long-endurance and Large Displacement UUV, and its High Performance Fuel Cell Research of Shock Resistant Submarine Structure Turbofan Engine for Future Fighter Counter IED System Airborne RF/IR Sensor System Dual-band IR (QDIP) SatelliteCBRN Threat Assessment System Ground Systems Naval Systems Air Systems Sensor SystemsAdvanced Systems Radar system IR sensor 8
  • 9. Recent Research Activities (Needs-base) Bow sonar (Existing) Submarine search VDS: Variable Depth Sonar TASS: Towed Array Sonar System Transmitting signals Research on multi-static sonar C Variable Depth Sonar System MTDP: Medium Term Defense Program (JFY2014 - 2018) and more 9 Link Receiving signals Receiving signals Receiver (TASS) Acoustic Source (VDS)
  • 10. 2. Future Maritime Systems technologies 10
  • 11. Future Maritime Systems Concept of ATLA 11 Future Self Defense Fleet Concept Future Small multi-purpose ship Concept Future Submarine Concept
  • 12. Future Submarine Concept of ATLA 12 Platform capability ? Long compartment structure ? Flow noise reduction Components ? UEP/Magnetic signature reduction ? Environment Control System ? High efficiency compact motor ? Noise-reduction/Power saving Subsystems Combat capability ? Advanced Sonar System ? Future torpedo(Silence Type) ? Future CDS ? Underwater Communication Network ? Future TCM (ATT) Future torpedo (Silence Type) Distributed Autonomous type Sonar Underwater Communication Network գգ Future TCM (ATT) Future CDS գգ UEP reduction device VDS: Variable Depth Sonar TASS: Towed Array Sonar System Superconducting motor Discharge sound reduction
  • 13. Future Submarine Road Map (1/2) 13 Structure Technology Stealth Technology Environment Control Technology Superconducting Motor Technology NOW 10 Years 20 Years Future Submarine System Structure Structure type Core Tech. : Material and Structure technology ? Whole Crush prediction ? Frame shape evaluation Stealth Body Flow noise reduction Components Commercial Tech. Application Accuracy flow field prediction ? Propulsion Noise reduction technology ? Body shape optimization technology Environment Control System Air purification technology ? Low-concentration VOC removal technology ? Continuous VOC removal technology Propulsion systemHigh-efficiency motor) Superconducting motor technology ? Cooling technology ? Power exchange/control technology ? Superconducting motor system integration technology Core Tech. : Propulsion Technology Commercial Tech. ApplicationSuperconducting Coil Advance Pressure hull structure ? Crush strength prediction technology ? Shell plate crush strength prediction technology b/w the reinforcing frame UEP reduction ? Submarine bottom UEP measurement ? Submarine Electromagnetic field measurement ? UEP reduction VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
  • 14. Future Submarine Road Map (2/2) 14 Command Direction System (CDS) Technology Advanced Torpedo Firing System Technology Future Submarine Weapon System Advanced Torpedo Firing System Technology Advanced Torpedo Firing System Device ? High power technology ? Magnetic Shield Technology ? Magnetically levitated Torpedo Firing system Commercial Tech. Application Magnetic levitation Future CDS New CDS device technology ? Tactical situation prediction technology ? Target information integration technology ? Underwater radiation noise estimation technique NOW 10 Years 20 Years
  • 15. Revolutionary Technology (1/3) Superconductive and Magnetically levitated Submarine subsystems Overview ? Compared to conventional motor, Superconducting technology allows motor to be larger torque and more compact. These benefits would lead submarine to improvement of the Anti- detection capability and expansion underwater time thanks to faster maximum cruse speed. ? Restriction of conventional motor due to torque constraint is required to be larger propulsion size. In order to address this issue, Superconducting motor with high power density plays an crucial role to be higher torque as well as smaller motor size. 15 Power Shaft Helium gas for Cooling Approx. 40K-233棩 Superconducting coil (Coil material: Yttrium-Barium-Copper Oxide) Stator Rotor Superconducting Motor for Submarine
  • 16. Revolutionary Technology (2/3) 16 Threat Conventional Future Submarine with Superconducting motor Underwaterspeed Compact High Performance High Agility High Efficiency Superconducting Motor Technology advance by Noise reduction Operation image Higher speed Lower speed
  • 17. Revolutionary Technology (3/3) Magnetically levitated Torpedo Firing system Overview Appling Magnetic Levitation technology to torpedo firing system allows to reduce noise during firing, which leads to lower detection probability by other submarines. 17 Direct Drive Type Magnetically levitated torpedo (or launching device) Rail (Stator) Torpedo Torpedo Torpedo Rotor Supply tube Rail (Stator)RotorMagnetic levitation Flow Controller (Inverter, etc.) Rotor Stator Controller (Inverter, etc.) Supply tube Magnetic levitation Piston Drive Type Applied Image (Underwater Firing System )
  • 18. 3. Strategy for Future Technology 18
  • 19. ATLAs Technology Strategy October 1, 2015 TRDI (Technology Research and Development Institute) Internal Bureau (Finance and Equipment) ATLA Policy of defense equipment R&D R&D projects The 5th Science & Technology Basic Plan (January 22, 2016) Contribution to defense capability building Creating more capable, affordable and timely defense equipment Apply Science & Technology innovations to deal with the issues of national security Enhancing the application of Dual-use technology ATLA is developing the Technology Strategy The three components of Technology Strategy Defense Technology Strategy Medium-to-Long Term Defense Technology Outlook Promoting technology transfers from commercial to defense equipment R&D Vision for the Future Fighter New Funding System Cooperation Before After Defense Technology R&D visions 19
  • 20. Dual-use Technology Element technologies mainly used in commercial sector - Composite Materials (Material technology) - Semiconductor Technology Element technologies mainly used in defense equipment Defense Technology Carbon Fiber Composite Structure Semiconductor Elements (Sensor Material) Fighters ? Light weight Structure ? Radio Wave Absorption Structure ? Active Phased Array Radar Guided Weapons ?Supersensitivity Sensor FPS-4 Civil Technology Passenger Plane EHF Collision Prevention Automotive Radar The Definition of Dual-Use Technology Precipitation Rader 20
  • 21. R&D Vision for the Future Fighter To be realized in 20 years To be realized in 30 to 40 years Electronic warfare resistant, Fly by Light (FBL) already at a technological level ready for development Next-Generation High-Power Radar Next-Generation avionics technologies advanced integrated sensor, self- protection with spherical coverage Superior stealth against enemies Technologies to enhance stealth capability paint/coating, internal weapon carriage, engine intake Cloud Shooting integrated fire control, advanced cockpit Cloud with Future Assets Integrated fire control technologies with swarm control Light-Speed Weapon Directed energy weapon technologies high power laser, high power microwave i3FIGHTER With high counter-stealth capability Next-Generation High-Power Slim Engine Next-generation engine technologies engine component, system integration F-2 21
  • 22. Medium-to-Long Term Defense Technology Outlook Changes in the Operational Environment ?Joint Operation ?Information Superiority Change in the Security Environment ?Response to Diverse Contingencies ?International Pease Cooperation ?Tight Defense Budget Capabilities Needed Trends in S&T ?Progress of COTS Technology ?Emerging Technology Analysis on Defense Technologies 22
  • 23. Establish funding to discover ingenious research by universities, NRDA (National Research and Development Agencies) research institutes, and companies, etc., which may be applicable to defense equipment, thereby promoting promising Seed research. Utilize the output technology for R&D of future equipment. Result of research (Dual-use-technology) Civil Application Research institutions in Japan University, NRDA, etc. MOD/ATLA Award contract to bright proposals Propose technical solutions Present themes Overview of the program Company Ingenious and advanced technology New Funding System 23
  • 24. Cooperation with Domestic Research Institutes Comparison of target domain with domestic research institutes information-gathering satellite RIKEN JAXA NEDO JST JAMSTEC JAEA AIST Universities Fundamental Research Applied Research Development Practical Use MODATLATop Down Type (Need-pull) Bottom up Type (Seeds-push) Seeds-push technology TRL36 Needs-pull technology TRL59 Follow up TRL79 New Funding SystemTRL13 Cooperation with Domestic institute And more Cooperation with oversea Management of technology Contribution to defense capability building 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9TRL 24
  • 25. Technical information exchange of Unmanned Vehicle and Underwater Acoustics Data Transmitting Area of UUV Data Receiving Area of USV Side view The expansion of activity area by extension of the communication range Unmanned Vehicle and Underwater Acoustics Base Satellite Acoustic multiplex communication and Positioning Cooperative Research with JAMSTEC 25
  • 26. Japan C U.S. Cooperative Activities Strengthening of cooperation with overseas 1990 2000 2010 SM-3 Cooperative Development (06-) High-Speed Multi-Hull Vessel Research (14-) Ducted Rocket Engine(92-99) Cooperative Research : 17 Cooperative Development : 1 26
  • 27. Japan C U.S. Cooperative Research High-Speed Multi-hull Vessel Optimization (HSMVO) ڤװe ٺ߿ ش΁I|˸O 帱 楯ǥåǥå ӓe Objectives To establish validated design processes and methods to optimize hydrodynamic and structural performance of multi-hull ships Wide Deck High Speed Good Stability Cross Deck Main Hull Front Trimaran: The ship that comprises a main hull and two side hulls Cross Deck Side Hull Side Hull Side Hull Side Main Hull Main Hull 27
  • 28. Cooperative Research with Australia 1. Overview ? JP: Naval Systems Research Center (NSRC), ATLA / AU: Defence Science & Technology Group (DSTG) ? Research Term: Approx. 4years (2015.12) 2. Object 3. Prospect ? Improvement the accuracy of estimation about propulsion capabilities or silence degrees. ? Applying the results to various ships because the model used for this research shapes general cruising vehicles. Estimation of cavitation around propellers Cavitation: the phenomenon of generating bubbles around rotating propellers Flow field: flow velocity or pressure Evaluation and estimation of the flow field 28
  • 30. 4. Four purposes of ATLA as conclusion 1. Securing Technology Advance 2. Procurement Innovation through Project Management 3. International Equipment & Technological Cooperation 4. Maintaining and Strengthening Defense Production and Technological Bases Formulate technological tactics, utilize funding systems., cooperate with domestic/ international institutes Under the strategical consideration, cooperate with international counterparts Acquire effectively and efficiency by the choice of R&D and contracts Improve the contract systems and make efforts regarding R&D systems 30