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Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)

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Kabindra Pokharel

Kulekhani-I Hydropower Station has been in operation since 1982 with an installed capacity of 60 MW. It is located in Makawanpur District and includes a 114 m tall rockfill dam and underground powerhouse. The power station helps address power outages by supplying constant power during dry seasons and can black start other power plants through its backup diesel generators. However, upgrades are recommended, including using a SCADA system and upgrading the 66 kV transmission lines.

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ATTACHMENT TO KULEKHANI –I HYDROPOWER
BACKGROUND  Location:  Dam:Makawanpur,kulekhani  Powerhouse:Makawanpur,Dhorshing  Construction started : 1977 A.D.  Generation started : 1982 A.D.  Installed capacity : 60 MW  Primary Annual generation : 165 GWh  Secondary annual generation: 46 GWh  Capital cost: $117.84 million  Funded by : World bank, Kuwait fund, UNDP, Overseas economic cooperation fund, GON
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)
CIVIL STRUCTURE Dam 1 Type :Zoned Rock Fill Dam with Inclined Core 2 Dam Height : 114 m 3 Crest Length : 406 m 4 Crest Width : 10 m 5 Embank ment Volume : 4,4419348 m^3
Reservoir Catchment basin area : 126 km^2 Reservoir area : 2.2 km^2 at highest water level : 1530m from (M.S.L.) Gross storage capacity : 85.30 million cu.m (Initial) : 62.30 cu. m (Estimated 2002) Effective Storage Capacity : 73.30 million cu. M(Initial) 55.56 cu.m (Estimated 2002) Dead Storage : 12 million cu.m (Initial) : 6.74 cu.m (Estimated 2002) Design Flood Inflow : 1380 m^3/sec Probable Max. Inflow : 2720 m^3/sec Design Flood Outflow : 1270 m^3/sec Probable Max.Flood Outflow : 2540 m^3/sec Fax Strech in Full Level : 7 km
Waterway Intake 1 Original Structure Type : Horizontal Bell mouth type with gate shaft Gate :Caterpillar Gate 2.5m wide*25m high 2Sloping Intake :Constructed under KDPP-I Dimension : 103m long*7.2m wide*5.2m high Inside width :2.5 m Minimum operation level for :13.1 m^3/sec full load 60 mw Tributary Intake a Chakhel Intake Type : Non controlled weir type Connecting Tunnel : 2368 m Long Dimension : 1.8m wide*18m high Maximum capacity : 4.1 m^3/sec b Sim Intake Type : Non controlled weir with shaft of 94.7m high and an air trap chamber Maximim capacity : 3.3 m^3/sec
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)
Spillway: Controlled Crest with 2 Radial Gates of 9.0m wide * 11.5m high and Non-Controlled Crest of 65m Long with Chute and Plunge Pool
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)
Penstock Line 1 Diameter : 2.1-1.5 m 2 Length : 1324 m 3 Length of Bifurcation(each) : 14 m Headrace Tunnel 1 Type : Circular Section 2 Diameter and length : 2.5m dia*6233m long Surge Tank 1 Type : Circular Section 2 Diameter and Height : 3m dia*92m high Tailrace Tunnel 1 Type : Chamber type 2 Dimensi on : 3.1m wide *in length
BY PASS VALVE & INLET VALVE Inlet valve  Regulate water flow  Remains complete open/close By pass valve  Reduce water pressure to open inlet valve
TURBINE Turbine 1No. of units : Two 2Type : Vertical Shaft Pelton 3 Rated output : 31,000 kW 4Rated speed : 600 rpm (50 Hz) 5Gross Head : 614m to 560m 6Rated Head : 550m 7 Maximum Discharge : 13.1 m3/sec
TURBINE ROTATING AND COUPLING MECHANISM
GOVERNING MECHANISM  Regulate bucket striking water flow  Maintains constant speed under varying load condition Load ↑ −►water flow ↑ Load ↓ −►water flow ↓
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GOVERNER
GENERATOR & EXCITOR Generator 1.No. of units:Two 2.Types :Vertical Shaft revolving salient field three phase synchronous type 3. Rated Capacity :35000 kVA 0.85 lag 4. Generating Voltage :11 kV 5.Frequency :50 Hz Fig: excitor
EXCITATION SYSTEM
COOLING SYSTEM Water cooling system Cools generator and power transformer
SYNCRONIZATION / BRAKING SYSTEM Condition :  Set during construction 1. Waveform 2. Phase sequence  Set during synchronization 3. Frequency 4. Voltage 5. Phase angle Braking system  Jet brake:- reverse striking of water to bucket  Air brake :- when speed reached 40%
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF KULEKHANI-1
SWITCH YARD
Switchyard
TRANSFORMER Rating 35MVA frequency 50HZ connection Star/delta type 3 phase oil immersed forced oil-circulation with water cooler, indoor type Primary voltage 11Kv Secondary voltage 66Kv Primary current 1837 Secondary current 306
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER Voltage 66Kv unit 1 per phase connection Parallel to busbar Secondary voltage 110 V Primary current 400-600A Secondary current 5A type 3-core secondary unit 2
RELAY
CIRCUIT BREAKERS type SF6 VOLTAGE 66KV Norma current 0.5KA Braking current 12.5KA Making current 31.5KA Restriking voltage 0.75us/k v Brake time Making time Braking time 5s 0.15s 0.05s For 11Kv – vacuum CB Synchronizing SF6 CB
Breaking SF6 CB
ISOLATOR
LIGHTNING ARRESTOR type Metal oxide arrestor Fault on R phase 5 Fault on Y phase 3 Fault on B phase 1
EARTHING Earth wire
PLCC:-POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION  Way of Data transmission system using power line  Each end of transmission line is provided with PLCC equipment For  Station to station communication  Protection of transmission line SCADA:-supervisory control and data acquisition system  Operates with coded signals over communication channel  Control of remote equipment  Programmable logic controller (PLCs) as subsystems But Not used in kulekhani- 1 power station
Fire fighting system  Performed manually with water Cooling system Sound trap system  Traps the noise and Removes out of the plant
AIR CIRCULATING SYSTEM Why…….??  Complete underground powerhouse with 500m tunnel way
MAIN FEATURES OF POWER STATION Address Power outage problem But, how..? For  Brownout → supply reactive power  Rolling out → rated constant power supply during dry season also  “Blackout” → start operation and energized main transmission line.
WHY KULEKHANI-I FOR BLACK START…??  Considering the Ferranty effect problem.  Constant discharge. Process of black start  Backup battery starts diesel generator  Diesel generator helps to bring generating station into operation  Energize the key transmission line  Starts other power plant Battery backup Diesel generator Plant operation Transmission line
BACKUP SYSTEM  Battery bank : 400 Ah  Total load of PH : 20 Amp  For protection  For internal lighting  Diesel Generator 1 : capacity : 350 Kva/240KW RPM : 1500 gen. voltage 400V  Diesel generator-2 Capacity : 385kva/286.4kw RPM 1500 Gen. voltage 400V  For maintenance  For black start
time Power load Power factor Gen.1 MW Gen.2 MW Total MW Gen.1 cosɸ1 Gen.2 cosɸ2 Freq. Hz Voltage KV Water level 01:00 - - - - - 49.6 68.5 1526.99 02:00 - - - - - 49.3 65.5 1526.99 03:00 - - - - - 49.5 66.0 1526.99 04:00 - - - - - 49.2 66.6 1526.99 05:00 - - - - - 49.3 67.2 1526.99 06:00 - - - - - 49.4 66.9 1527.00 07:00 - - - - - 49.2 65.0 1527.00 08:00 - - - - - 49.6 66.0 1527.00 09:00 - - - - - 49.6 63.0 1527.00 10:00 - - - - - 49.6 62.0 1527.00 11:00 - - - - - 49.6 63.3 1527.00 12:00 - - - - - 49.5 64.3 1527.00 13:00 - - - - - 49.2 64.8 1527.00 14:00 - - - - - 49.2 64.6 1527.00 15:00 - - - - - 49.6 65.1 1527.01 16:00 - - - - - 49.8 65.7 1527.01 17:00 - - - - - 49.0 62.4 1527.01 18:00 30.00 - 30.00 1.00 - 49.1 64.6 1527.01 19:00 20.00 - 20.0 0.98 - 49.2 66.0 1527.00 20:00 - - - - - 49.1 66.9 1527.00 21:00 - - - - - 49.3 66.6 1527.00 22:00 - - - - - 49.4 63.3 1527.00 23:00 - - - - - 49.5 66.0 1527.00 24:00 - - - - - 49.5 66.0 1527.00 DAILY LOG SHEET-2072/09/02
Morning peak load (MW) Evening peak time (KW) time KL-1 Hz time KL-1 Hz 06:00 - - 17:30 - - 06:15 - - 17:45 26.00 49.1 06:30 - - 18:00 30.00 49.1 06:45 - - 18:15 30.00 49.1 07:00 - - 18:30 30.00 49.3 07:15 - - 18:45 28.00 49.3 07:30 - - 19:00 20.00 49.2 07:45 - - 19:15 24.00 49.0 08:00 - - 19:30 11.00 49.5 08:15 - - 19:45 10.00 49.8 08:30 - - 20:00 - -
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)
RECOMMENDATION  Use of sectionalized Bus bar  Upgrade transmission from 66Kv  Use of SCADA system  Removal of sediment from the reservoir
Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)

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Attachment to KulekhanI–I Hydropower (BEL-069)

  • 1. ATTACHMENT TO KULEKHANI –I HYDROPOWER
  • 2. BACKGROUND  Location:  Dam:Makawanpur,kulekhani  Powerhouse:Makawanpur,Dhorshing  Construction started : 1977 A.D.  Generation started : 1982 A.D.  Installed capacity : 60 MW  Primary Annual generation : 165 GWh  Secondary annual generation: 46 GWh  Capital cost: $117.84 million  Funded by : World bank, Kuwait fund, UNDP, Overseas economic cooperation fund, GON
  • 4. CIVIL STRUCTURE Dam 1 Type :Zoned Rock Fill Dam with Inclined Core 2 Dam Height : 114 m 3 Crest Length : 406 m 4 Crest Width : 10 m 5 Embank ment Volume : 4,4419348 m^3
  • 5. Reservoir Catchment basin area : 126 km^2 Reservoir area : 2.2 km^2 at highest water level : 1530m from (M.S.L.) Gross storage capacity : 85.30 million cu.m (Initial) : 62.30 cu. m (Estimated 2002) Effective Storage Capacity : 73.30 million cu. M(Initial) 55.56 cu.m (Estimated 2002) Dead Storage : 12 million cu.m (Initial) : 6.74 cu.m (Estimated 2002) Design Flood Inflow : 1380 m^3/sec Probable Max. Inflow : 2720 m^3/sec Design Flood Outflow : 1270 m^3/sec Probable Max.Flood Outflow : 2540 m^3/sec Fax Strech in Full Level : 7 km
  • 6. Waterway Intake 1 Original Structure Type : Horizontal Bell mouth type with gate shaft Gate :Caterpillar Gate 2.5m wide*25m high 2Sloping Intake :Constructed under KDPP-I Dimension : 103m long*7.2m wide*5.2m high Inside width :2.5 m Minimum operation level for :13.1 m^3/sec full load 60 mw Tributary Intake a Chakhel Intake Type : Non controlled weir type Connecting Tunnel : 2368 m Long Dimension : 1.8m wide*18m high Maximum capacity : 4.1 m^3/sec b Sim Intake Type : Non controlled weir with shaft of 94.7m high and an air trap chamber Maximim capacity : 3.3 m^3/sec
  • 8. Spillway: Controlled Crest with 2 Radial Gates of 9.0m wide * 11.5m high and Non-Controlled Crest of 65m Long with Chute and Plunge Pool
  • 10. Penstock Line 1 Diameter : 2.1-1.5 m 2 Length : 1324 m 3 Length of Bifurcation(each) : 14 m Headrace Tunnel 1 Type : Circular Section 2 Diameter and length : 2.5m dia*6233m long Surge Tank 1 Type : Circular Section 2 Diameter and Height : 3m dia*92m high Tailrace Tunnel 1 Type : Chamber type 2 Dimensi on : 3.1m wide *in length
  • 11. BY PASS VALVE & INLET VALVE Inlet valve  Regulate water flow  Remains complete open/close By pass valve  Reduce water pressure to open inlet valve
  • 12. TURBINE Turbine 1No. of units : Two 2Type : Vertical Shaft Pelton 3 Rated output : 31,000 kW 4Rated speed : 600 rpm (50 Hz) 5Gross Head : 614m to 560m 6Rated Head : 550m 7 Maximum Discharge : 13.1 m3/sec
  • 13. TURBINE ROTATING AND COUPLING MECHANISM
  • 14. GOVERNING MECHANISM  Regulate bucket striking water flow  Maintains constant speed under varying load condition Load ↑ −►water flow ↑ Load ↓ −►water flow ↓
  • 16. GENERATOR & EXCITOR Generator 1.No. of units:Two 2.Types :Vertical Shaft revolving salient field three phase synchronous type 3. Rated Capacity :35000 kVA 0.85 lag 4. Generating Voltage :11 kV 5.Frequency :50 Hz Fig: excitor
  • 19. SYNCRONIZATION / BRAKING SYSTEM Condition :  Set during construction 1. Waveform 2. Phase sequence  Set during synchronization 3. Frequency 4. Voltage 5. Phase angle Braking system  Jet brake:- reverse striking of water to bucket  Air brake :- when speed reached 40%
  • 20. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF KULEKHANI-1
  • 23. TRANSFORMER Rating 35MVA frequency 50HZ connection Star/delta type 3 phase oil immersed forced oil-circulation with water cooler, indoor type Primary voltage 11Kv Secondary voltage 66Kv Primary current 1837 Secondary current 306
  • 25. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER Voltage 66Kv unit 1 per phase connection Parallel to busbar Secondary voltage 110 V Primary current 400-600A Secondary current 5A type 3-core secondary unit 2
  • 26. RELAY
  • 27. CIRCUIT BREAKERS type SF6 VOLTAGE 66KV Norma current 0.5KA Braking current 12.5KA Making current 31.5KA Restriking voltage 0.75us/k v Brake time Making time Braking time 5s 0.15s 0.05s For 11Kv – vacuum CB Synchronizing SF6 CB
  • 30. LIGHTNING ARRESTOR type Metal oxide arrestor Fault on R phase 5 Fault on Y phase 3 Fault on B phase 1
  • 32. PLCC:-POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION  Way of Data transmission system using power line  Each end of transmission line is provided with PLCC equipment For  Station to station communication  Protection of transmission line SCADA:-supervisory control and data acquisition system  Operates with coded signals over communication channel  Control of remote equipment  Programmable logic controller (PLCs) as subsystems But Not used in kulekhani- 1 power station
  • 33. Fire fighting system  Performed manually with water Cooling system Sound trap system  Traps the noise and Removes out of the plant
  • 34. AIR CIRCULATING SYSTEM Why…….??  Complete underground powerhouse with 500m tunnel way
  • 35. MAIN FEATURES OF POWER STATION Address Power outage problem But, how..? For  Brownout → supply reactive power  Rolling out → rated constant power supply during dry season also  “Blackout” → start operation and energized main transmission line.
  • 36. WHY KULEKHANI-I FOR BLACK START…??  Considering the Ferranty effect problem.  Constant discharge. Process of black start  Backup battery starts diesel generator  Diesel generator helps to bring generating station into operation  Energize the key transmission line  Starts other power plant Battery backup Diesel generator Plant operation Transmission line
  • 37. BACKUP SYSTEM  Battery bank : 400 Ah  Total load of PH : 20 Amp  For protection  For internal lighting  Diesel Generator 1 : capacity : 350 Kva/240KW RPM : 1500 gen. voltage 400V  Diesel generator-2 Capacity : 385kva/286.4kw RPM 1500 Gen. voltage 400V  For maintenance  For black start
  • 38. time Power load Power factor Gen.1 MW Gen.2 MW Total MW Gen.1 cosɸ1 Gen.2 cosɸ2 Freq. Hz Voltage KV Water level 01:00 - - - - - 49.6 68.5 1526.99 02:00 - - - - - 49.3 65.5 1526.99 03:00 - - - - - 49.5 66.0 1526.99 04:00 - - - - - 49.2 66.6 1526.99 05:00 - - - - - 49.3 67.2 1526.99 06:00 - - - - - 49.4 66.9 1527.00 07:00 - - - - - 49.2 65.0 1527.00 08:00 - - - - - 49.6 66.0 1527.00 09:00 - - - - - 49.6 63.0 1527.00 10:00 - - - - - 49.6 62.0 1527.00 11:00 - - - - - 49.6 63.3 1527.00 12:00 - - - - - 49.5 64.3 1527.00 13:00 - - - - - 49.2 64.8 1527.00 14:00 - - - - - 49.2 64.6 1527.00 15:00 - - - - - 49.6 65.1 1527.01 16:00 - - - - - 49.8 65.7 1527.01 17:00 - - - - - 49.0 62.4 1527.01 18:00 30.00 - 30.00 1.00 - 49.1 64.6 1527.01 19:00 20.00 - 20.0 0.98 - 49.2 66.0 1527.00 20:00 - - - - - 49.1 66.9 1527.00 21:00 - - - - - 49.3 66.6 1527.00 22:00 - - - - - 49.4 63.3 1527.00 23:00 - - - - - 49.5 66.0 1527.00 24:00 - - - - - 49.5 66.0 1527.00 DAILY LOG SHEET-2072/09/02
  • 39. Morning peak load (MW) Evening peak time (KW) time KL-1 Hz time KL-1 Hz 06:00 - - 17:30 - - 06:15 - - 17:45 26.00 49.1 06:30 - - 18:00 30.00 49.1 06:45 - - 18:15 30.00 49.1 07:00 - - 18:30 30.00 49.3 07:15 - - 18:45 28.00 49.3 07:30 - - 19:00 20.00 49.2 07:45 - - 19:15 24.00 49.0 08:00 - - 19:30 11.00 49.5 08:15 - - 19:45 10.00 49.8 08:30 - - 20:00 - -
  • 42. RECOMMENDATION  Use of sectionalized Bus bar  Upgrade transmission from 66Kv  Use of SCADA system  Removal of sediment from the reservoir

Editor's Notes

  • #33: -To trip the line CB nearest to fault by1. distance protection 2.differential comparison method 3. phase comparison method -inter trip command due to tripping of any one side of CB