Augmented Reality
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3D file formats are used to store 3D model information such as geometry, appearance, scene, and animations. Common 3D file formats include STL, OBJ, FBX, COLLADA, 3DS, IGES, STEP, and X3D. STL is one of the most important neutral formats and encodes surface geometry using triangular meshes. OBJ also supports surface geometry encoding and stores appearance separately. FBX supports geometry, appearance, and skeletal animations. COLLADA supports geometry, appearance properties, animation, and physics.
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Game development terminologiesAhmed Badr
油
The document outlines various game terminologies and concepts related to computer graphics, including the RGB color model, pixel art, texture mapping, and rendering techniques. It covers essential terminology such as sprites, polygons, models, and animation methods like skeletal and procedural animation. Additionally, it discusses advanced topics like lightmaps, ray tracing, and the role of game engines in video game development.Ad
Augmented Reality
- 2. What is 3D File Format File that used to store information of about 3D Models in format of plain text or binary data. Like Geometry, appearance, scene and animations.
- 3. Element of 3D Model Geometry : It de鍖nes shape of model. Appearance: It includes colors, textures, material etc. Scene: It de鍖nes position of light sources, cameras and peripheral objects. Animation: It de鍖nes how 3D Model can move.
- 4. Geometry It is most basic feature of 3D File. Every model has unique geometry and capability of encoding this geometry. Types of Geometry 1. Approximate Mesh 3D Model is covered with mesh of imaginary polygons and triangles. The vertices of covering triangles are stored in 鍖le. 2. Precise Mesh 1. Surface are made up of small number of weighted control points and set of knots. (Knots are surface that smoothly interpolating over control points). 3. Constructive Solid Geometry 1. It uses primitive shapes like cubes, spheres tp create shapes.
- 5. Appearance Appearance describes surface properties like material type, texture, color etc. Appearance can be encoded in two ways 1. Texture Mapping Every point in 3D Models surface is mapped into 2D image and 2D Image coordinates have attributes like texture, color etc. Rendering 3D Model, every surface point is assigned a coordinate in 2D Image. 2. Face Attributes It stores texture information by assigning each face of mesh attributes. Surface can have specular component indicating the color and intensity of true mirror re鍖ections of light sources and other near surfaces. This component is encoded by transmissive component describing color and intensity of light that passing through surface.
- 6. Scene Information The scene describes layout of 3D Model in terms of cameras, light sources and other 3D Model. Camera is de鍖ned by four parameters: magni鍖cation, principal point, location, direction. Light source means nature of light like location, color and intensity of it. Storing other nearby 3D Model is required when model is consist of di鍖erent parts and needs to certain way to make up the scene.
- 7. Animation Animation de鍖nes how 3D Model can move. 3D Animating ways 1. Skeletal Animation 1. Each model is associated with underlying skeleton. The skeleton is made out of hierarchy of virtual bones. Movement of bones higher in the hierarchy a鍖ect the bones lower in hierarchy. Like Human body. Bones are connected by joints. Joints de鍖nes constraints in the possible transformations for bones, to restricting how bone can move in relation to its parent. 2. Techniques of Animation 1. To store animations of skeletal structures, di鍖erent techniques can be used. E.g. forward kinematics, inverse kinematics, keyframes etc.
- 8. File Types STL OBJ FBX COLLADA 3DS IGES STEP X3D
- 9. STL (STereoLithography) STL is one of most important neutral 3D 鍖le formats. One of oldest 3D 鍖le format. STL encodes surface geometry of 3D model using triangular mesh. STL speci鍖es both ASCII and binary representation. It ignores appearance, scene and animations. Used in 3D Printing, computer-aided manufacturing.
- 10. OBJ It is another neutral format. Mostly used in 3D Printing (full color) and 3D Graphics. OBJ 鍖le format supports both approximate and precise encoding of surface geometry. While using precise encoding, smooth curves and surfaces used. Model appearance stored in di鍖erent 鍖le .MTL(material template library). It does not support any kind of animation. Speci鍖es both ASCII and binary encoding.
- 11. FBX It is proprietary 鍖le format. Used in AutoDesk softwares like 3DS Max, Maya. Widely used in 鍖lm industry and video games. It supports geometry and appearance. It also provides skeletal animations and morphs. Both binary and ASCII 鍖les supported.
- 12. COLLADA It is neutral 鍖le format. (.DAE) Used in video game and 鍖lm industry. Supports geometry, appearance related properties like color, material, textures and animation. It supports kinematics and physics. It stores data using XML.
- 13. 3DS 3DS 鍖le format using architecture, engineering, education and manufacturing. This format retains only basic information about geometry, appearance, scene and animation. Uses triangular mesh to encode the surface geometry. Limit for triangles is 65536. It doesnt support directional light sources. Speci鍖es in binary encoding. It is standard storing format for 3D Models and interchanging between other 3D 鍖le formats.
- 14. IGES IGES is neutral 鍖le format.(.IGS, .IGES) Mostly used in defence industry (US Air Force) and engineering 鍖eld. It described in ASCII encoding. It is 鍖exible for surface geometry. It stores color but doesnt support properties like textures, material types. Animation is not supported.
- 15. STEP Standard for the exchange for product data or ISO 10303. (.STP) It is widely used in engineering related 鍖elds like automative and aeronautic engineering, building construction etc. Used to describing product data throughout life cycle of product, independent from any system. It supports feature like surface geometry, storing color. It supports additional encode topology, geometrical tolerances, material properties like textures, materials types and other product data.
- 16. VRML and X3D Virtual reality model language. Used in Internet and Web. Is uses polygonal mesh to encode surface geometry with NURBS encoding. Stores appearance related information like color, texture, transparency. It has capability of storing scene related information and support for animation. Integrated with HTML5.