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Aumentando la Sostenibilidad en Minería

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Fundación Chile
Fundación Chile

The document discusses innovations in photovoltaic (PV) applications in Chilean mining operations. It describes how existing mine structures like conveyor systems and dumps could utilize solar power. It also discusses adapting PV technologies to the harsh mining environment through innovations like heterojunction solar cells, smart wire interconnects, and frameless glass-glass modules. Northern Chile is highlighted as having very high solar irradiation suitable for utility-scale PV projects. Local value creation through PV manufacturing in Chile is also addressed.

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Seminario Fundación Chile: Pioneros en Innovación Aumentando la sostenibilidad en minería 21.3.13 / Tirso Diaz, Business Development Director
MB Group Industry Segments Optics Semiconductor Solar LED 1953: 1979: 1999: Wafer 2010: Wafer Cutting Technologies Cutting Technologies - Cutting Technologies - Boule / Core Preparation Measuring Systems - Measuring Systems - Orientation Wafer Handling - Wafer Handling - Cutting Technologies Automation Systems - Robotics and Automation - Drilling - Diamond Wire - Grinding 1999 (2011): Cell - Measuring Systems - Inspection Systems - Wafer Handling - Handling Systems - Diamond Wire Seminario Fundación Chile - Coating Systems 2001 (2010): Module - Cell Connecting - Module Solutions - Lamination - Measurement Systems 2
Swiss Innovations in PV Applications Planet Solar: Around the world on the solar ship Tûranor • Around the world in 2010/11 with only solar power source: • 537 m2 solar surface producing 93.5 kW Planet Solar solar energy Monte Rosa Mountain Hut (2883m): Project of ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich and SAC (Swiss Alpine Club) • 90% of energy produced by solar energy • Concept for max. energy efficiency and energy saving • Space for 120 People Seminario Fundación Chile Solar Impulse: Around the world in the solar airplane • Completed several day flights • Planned to fly around the world 3 source: Solar Impulse
Solar Energy with largest potential The Atacama the highest irradiation Source: http://asrc.albany.edu/people/faculty/perez/ source: Nrel Solar Geothermal Wind Wave- and Hydropower Tidal-Power Seminario Fundación Chile 120`000 TW 12.0 TW 3.0 TW 2.0 TW 0.5 TW 4
Innovations for PV Applications in Chilean mining (1) ? Seminario Fundación Chile source: Solarskilift.ch 5
Innovations for PV Applications in Chilean mining (2) Solar Skilift Tenna (Safien Valley): Commissioned end of 2011 • 246 Modules, 245W polycrystalline Total 60 kWp • Single axis tracking • Approx. 90’000 kWh produced per year, 29’000 kWh needed for ski lift operation source: Solarskilift.ch Seminario Fundación Chile Key points: • Value add by using of an “existing” structure • Adaptation to the consumption needs • Adaptation to the environment 6 source: Solarskilift.ch
Innovations for PV Applications in Chilean mining (3) Although grit parity is already reached in northern Chile the use of standard set ups ? might not everywhere be suitable for the harsh mining environment Value add, longevity and cost reduction come from adapted solutions & innovations What existing structures can be used? Feeding systems Dump areas Unused / old pits Consumption needs How much energy is needed and Seminario Fundación Chile when? Planeability of consumption Reliability of production The environment Dust => Abrasion / Cleaning Heat => Temp. coefficient 7
PV Technologies adapted for the harsh mining/desert environment Wafer Cell Module Seminario Fundación Chile 8
PV Technologies adapted for the harsh mining/desert environment Cell HJT Cell Next steps: Test the new module technology in the target environment and get proof of concept Identify Chilean “mining • Higher efficiency cell (21.3% experienced” solution provider for with potential up to 24%) PV installation solution • Improved temperature Identify Chilean company to build coefficient the technology Module Smart Wire interconnection Frameless Glass-Glass Seminario Fundación Chile • Robust technology • No frame (no dust accumulation) • Cost savings • Higher stability • Low CTM losses • Abrasion resistance 9
What else…? Solar powered desalination, pumping and storing / irrigation solutions • Mines are thirsty • In combination with dams an ideal energy storage • With desalinated water deserted land Source: http://www.water- can be reclaimed for agricultural use technology.net/projects/israel/israel9.html Seminario Fundación Chile BIPV = Building Integrated PV • Off grid solutions • In combination with net metering viable in grid connected solutions 10
Muchas gracias por su atención
PV as building material
Plus energy industrial buildings Energy used for heating cooling 13MWh, Energy produced 58MWh
Tilt roof with themal and PV 9 kWp PV installed, Energy produced : > 8‘500 kWh
Shadings MB Academy, OV-M9 Water and Life Center, California, USA 15 (42.75 kWp)
World Game Stadion Taiwan Aero-Foto by Chi Po Lin
Solar Irradiation in northern Chile Source: IRRADIANCIA SOLAR EN TERRITORIOS DE LA REPUBLICA DE CHILE, CNE / PNUD / UTFSM, 2008 Chuquicamata Latitude 23.31° MJ/m2 Azimut 180° (North) Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Total Inclination 12° 828.3 663.9 691.5 591.4 508.6 491.2 528 703.4 652.6 772.1 785.7 820.7 8037.4 Calc. parameters STD HJT Panel efficiency 16% 18.50% Panel technoligy %/°C -0.43 -0.25 Performance Ratio 90% 90% Operating Temperature °C 35 37 Surface per kWp m2/kWp 6.25 5.41 Power factor 0.03828 0.04486 Chuquicamata kWh/m2 Power per month Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Total Standard Cell 32 25 26 23 19 19 20 27 25 30 30 31 308 Heterojunction Cell 37 30 31 27 23 22 24 32 29 35 35 37 361 kWh/kWp Power per KWp Inst. Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Total Standard Cell 198 159 165 141 122 118 126 168 156 185 188 196 1'923 Heterojunction Cell 201 161 168 143 123 119 128 171 158 187 191 199 1'949 The achievable Power of 361KWh/m2 respectively 1’949 KWh/KWp (HJT Cells) per year in Chuquicamata represents approx. factor 1.9 of the power achieved in Switzerland/Germany with the same installation! Source: CNE
Utility scale PV Supply Agreement Tender Tender PPA Technology Wafer/Cell/ Power Power & Equipment Module EPC Utility Consumer Supplier Manufacturer TCO $/Wp LCOE $/kWh • Price • CAPEX • Energy efficiency • Government • Demand over 24h / • Quality • Cell & Module • Longevity policies year • OEE (Availability x Efficiency • BOS • Energy mix • Planeability of Performance X • Yield • Grid stability & demand Yield) • Uptime availability • Dependability from • OPEX / sources Availability and stability of consumables 18
Germany as example On Friday May 25th, 2012 Germany had 22.4 GW PV-power in the grid and totally produced 1.1 TWh that week! 19
Local Value Creation in PV module manufacturing Quartz Sand Silicon Solar Ingot Wafer Solar Cell Module SiO2 Si Systems Installation Importation of all goods only local labour and engingeering of Modules Max 10% Local module manufacturing Importation of cells, glass, aluminium and encapsulation materials. Local starting with 15MW/a and labour and engineering installation Max 15% From ingot pulling to PV System with local glass, aluminium and encapsulation materials manufacturing. Starting from 80MW/a to ideally > Importation of raw silicon 0.5 GW/a Up to 80% From sand (quartz sand, assuming availability in country) to PV System with local glass, aluminium and encapsulation materials manufacturing. Starting from 80MW/a to ideally > 0.5 GW/a Up to 100%
Local Value Creation in PV module manufacturing Quartz Sand Silicon Solar Ingot Wafer Solar Cell Module SiO2 Si Systems Acquisition No CAPEX, only personnel for installation and engineering, full cash out for almost all of modules hardware required at $/Wp Purchase of cells, glass, Low CAPEX (approx. m€ 1.5 @ 15MW/a), approx. 5 to 8 employees per aluminium and shift depending on automation level encapsulation materials in larger volumes CAPEX of approx. m€ 100 for complete 80MW/a Purchase of raw silicon in large quantities Fab and total of approx. 200 emp. Complete local value creation, CAPEX of approx. m€ 3’500 for a complete 1.5 GW/a Fab and approx. 6’000 employees

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Aumentando la Sostenibilidad en Minería

  • 1. Seminario Fundación Chile: Pioneros en Innovación Aumentando la sostenibilidad en minería 21.3.13 / Tirso Diaz, Business Development Director
  • 2. MB Group Industry Segments Optics Semiconductor Solar LED 1953: 1979: 1999: Wafer 2010: Wafer Cutting Technologies Cutting Technologies - Cutting Technologies - Boule / Core Preparation Measuring Systems - Measuring Systems - Orientation Wafer Handling - Wafer Handling - Cutting Technologies Automation Systems - Robotics and Automation - Drilling - Diamond Wire - Grinding 1999 (2011): Cell - Measuring Systems - Inspection Systems - Wafer Handling - Handling Systems - Diamond Wire Seminario Fundación Chile - Coating Systems 2001 (2010): Module - Cell Connecting - Module Solutions - Lamination - Measurement Systems 2
  • 3. Swiss Innovations in PV Applications Planet Solar: Around the world on the solar ship Tûranor • Around the world in 2010/11 with only solar power source: • 537 m2 solar surface producing 93.5 kW Planet Solar solar energy Monte Rosa Mountain Hut (2883m): Project of ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich and SAC (Swiss Alpine Club) • 90% of energy produced by solar energy • Concept for max. energy efficiency and energy saving • Space for 120 People Seminario Fundación Chile Solar Impulse: Around the world in the solar airplane • Completed several day flights • Planned to fly around the world 3 source: Solar Impulse
  • 4. Solar Energy with largest potential The Atacama the highest irradiation Source: http://asrc.albany.edu/people/faculty/perez/ source: Nrel Solar Geothermal Wind Wave- and Hydropower Tidal-Power Seminario Fundación Chile 120`000 TW 12.0 TW 3.0 TW 2.0 TW 0.5 TW 4
  • 5. Innovations for PV Applications in Chilean mining (1) ? Seminario Fundación Chile source: Solarskilift.ch 5
  • 6. Innovations for PV Applications in Chilean mining (2) Solar Skilift Tenna (Safien Valley): Commissioned end of 2011 • 246 Modules, 245W polycrystalline Total 60 kWp • Single axis tracking • Approx. 90’000 kWh produced per year, 29’000 kWh needed for ski lift operation source: Solarskilift.ch Seminario Fundación Chile Key points: • Value add by using of an “existing” structure • Adaptation to the consumption needs • Adaptation to the environment 6 source: Solarskilift.ch
  • 7. Innovations for PV Applications in Chilean mining (3) Although grit parity is already reached in northern Chile the use of standard set ups ? might not everywhere be suitable for the harsh mining environment Value add, longevity and cost reduction come from adapted solutions & innovations What existing structures can be used? Feeding systems Dump areas Unused / old pits Consumption needs How much energy is needed and Seminario Fundación Chile when? Planeability of consumption Reliability of production The environment Dust => Abrasion / Cleaning Heat => Temp. coefficient 7
  • 8. PV Technologies adapted for the harsh mining/desert environment Wafer Cell Module Seminario Fundación Chile 8
  • 9. PV Technologies adapted for the harsh mining/desert environment Cell HJT Cell Next steps: Test the new module technology in the target environment and get proof of concept Identify Chilean “mining • Higher efficiency cell (21.3% experienced” solution provider for with potential up to 24%) PV installation solution • Improved temperature Identify Chilean company to build coefficient the technology Module Smart Wire interconnection Frameless Glass-Glass Seminario Fundación Chile • Robust technology • No frame (no dust accumulation) • Cost savings • Higher stability • Low CTM losses • Abrasion resistance 9
  • 10. What else…? Solar powered desalination, pumping and storing / irrigation solutions • Mines are thirsty • In combination with dams an ideal energy storage • With desalinated water deserted land Source: http://www.water- can be reclaimed for agricultural use technology.net/projects/israel/israel9.html Seminario Fundación Chile BIPV = Building Integrated PV • Off grid solutions • In combination with net metering viable in grid connected solutions 10
  • 11. Muchas gracias por su atención
  • 12. PV as building material
  • 13. Plus energy industrial buildings Energy used for heating cooling 13MWh, Energy produced 58MWh
  • 14. Tilt roof with themal and PV 9 kWp PV installed, Energy produced : > 8‘500 kWh
  • 15. Shadings MB Academy, OV-M9 Water and Life Center, California, USA 15 (42.75 kWp)
  • 16. World Game Stadion Taiwan Aero-Foto by Chi Po Lin
  • 17. Solar Irradiation in northern Chile Source: IRRADIANCIA SOLAR EN TERRITORIOS DE LA REPUBLICA DE CHILE, CNE / PNUD / UTFSM, 2008 Chuquicamata Latitude 23.31° MJ/m2 Azimut 180° (North) Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Total Inclination 12° 828.3 663.9 691.5 591.4 508.6 491.2 528 703.4 652.6 772.1 785.7 820.7 8037.4 Calc. parameters STD HJT Panel efficiency 16% 18.50% Panel technoligy %/°C -0.43 -0.25 Performance Ratio 90% 90% Operating Temperature °C 35 37 Surface per kWp m2/kWp 6.25 5.41 Power factor 0.03828 0.04486 Chuquicamata kWh/m2 Power per month Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Total Standard Cell 32 25 26 23 19 19 20 27 25 30 30 31 308 Heterojunction Cell 37 30 31 27 23 22 24 32 29 35 35 37 361 kWh/kWp Power per KWp Inst. Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Total Standard Cell 198 159 165 141 122 118 126 168 156 185 188 196 1'923 Heterojunction Cell 201 161 168 143 123 119 128 171 158 187 191 199 1'949 The achievable Power of 361KWh/m2 respectively 1’949 KWh/KWp (HJT Cells) per year in Chuquicamata represents approx. factor 1.9 of the power achieved in Switzerland/Germany with the same installation! Source: CNE
  • 18. Utility scale PV Supply Agreement Tender Tender PPA Technology Wafer/Cell/ Power Power & Equipment Module EPC Utility Consumer Supplier Manufacturer TCO $/Wp LCOE $/kWh • Price • CAPEX • Energy efficiency • Government • Demand over 24h / • Quality • Cell & Module • Longevity policies year • OEE (Availability x Efficiency • BOS • Energy mix • Planeability of Performance X • Yield • Grid stability & demand Yield) • Uptime availability • Dependability from • OPEX / sources Availability and stability of consumables 18
  • 19. Germany as example On Friday May 25th, 2012 Germany had 22.4 GW PV-power in the grid and totally produced 1.1 TWh that week! 19
  • 20. Local Value Creation in PV module manufacturing Quartz Sand Silicon Solar Ingot Wafer Solar Cell Module SiO2 Si Systems Installation Importation of all goods only local labour and engingeering of Modules Max 10% Local module manufacturing Importation of cells, glass, aluminium and encapsulation materials. Local starting with 15MW/a and labour and engineering installation Max 15% From ingot pulling to PV System with local glass, aluminium and encapsulation materials manufacturing. Starting from 80MW/a to ideally > Importation of raw silicon 0.5 GW/a Up to 80% From sand (quartz sand, assuming availability in country) to PV System with local glass, aluminium and encapsulation materials manufacturing. Starting from 80MW/a to ideally > 0.5 GW/a Up to 100%
  • 21. Local Value Creation in PV module manufacturing Quartz Sand Silicon Solar Ingot Wafer Solar Cell Module SiO2 Si Systems Acquisition No CAPEX, only personnel for installation and engineering, full cash out for almost all of modules hardware required at $/Wp Purchase of cells, glass, Low CAPEX (approx. m€ 1.5 @ 15MW/a), approx. 5 to 8 employees per aluminium and shift depending on automation level encapsulation materials in larger volumes CAPEX of approx. m€ 100 for complete 80MW/a Purchase of raw silicon in large quantities Fab and total of approx. 200 emp. Complete local value creation, CAPEX of approx. m€ 3’500 for a complete 1.5 GW/a Fab and approx. 6’000 employees