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Australia in War and Peace, 1914- 19: Undertaking a major collaborative documents-based research project By Dr. Jatinder Mann, Kings College London (KCL) and University College London (UCL)
Background to the project The Australia in War and Peace, 1914-19 research project is a major collaborative research project between the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies (MCAS), KCL and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) in Canberra, Australia. The ultimate goal of the project is to produce a volume on Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19. The publication will follow the model of the previous volume MCAS worked on: Australia and the United Kingdom, 1960-1975; which consisted of painstakingly selected, historically significant Australian and British documents.
Key members of the research project Prof. Carl Bridge (KCL) (Director of MCAS and Professor of Australian History, Department of History) - Head of the British end of the project and book and section editor of volume Dr. David Lee (DFAT) (Director of the Historical Publications and Information Section) Head of the Australian end of the project and book and section editor of volume Dr. Jatinder Mann (KCL) (Postdoctoral Research Fellow) - In charge of the day-to-day running of the British end of the project , chief liaison with the Australian end, and book and section editor of volume Associate Professor Frank Bongiorno (ANU) (Associate Professor of Australian History, School of History) Section editor of volume Bart Zielinski (KCL) (Research Assistant) Responsible for assisting Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the running of the project, carrying out research and proofing and editing
Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19 The Outbreak of War Recruitment, Conscription and its Aftermath The Dardanelles Commission Administration of the AIF Finance and Loans Labour, Commodities and Shipping
Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19 Japan and the Pacific Versailles Demobilisation and repatriation Working in the Imperial System (to include Australia House and intra-imperial collaboration and discussions re. double income tax etc)
Publicising of the project We have already presented papers on The Dardanelles Commission, Recruitment, Conscription and its Aftermath and Versailles We have also given papers on an overview of the project at numerous prominent venues in both Australia and the UK Furthermore, the British end of the project presented papers on various themes at a Research Symposium held at MCAS in late February 2013
Timescale of the project We are intending to publish the volume of Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19 in 2015 Alongside a hardcopy of the book, a subsequent online version will also be made available so as to maximise accessibility to institutions, scholars, students and other interested individuals all across the world
Step 1: Background secondary reading Andrews, E. M. The Anzac Illusion: Anglo-Australian Relations during World War I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Bridge, Carl. Makers of the British World: William Hughes Australia. London: Haus, 2011. Connor, John. Anzac and Empire: George Foster Pearce and the Foundations of Australian Defence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Fitzhardinge, L. F. The Little Digger, 1914-1952: William Morris Hughes A Political Biography, Volume II. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1979. Fitzhardinge, L. F. William Morris Hughes A Political Biography: I - That Fiery Particle, 1862-1914.
Step 1: Background secondary reading McKernan, Michael. The Australian People and the Great War. Melbourne: Nelson, 1980. Meaney, Neville. Australia and World Crisis, 1914-1923: Volume 2 A History of Australian Defence and Foreign Policy, 1901-23. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2009. Scott, Ernest. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918: Vol. XI Australia during the War. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1943. Turner, Ian. Industrial Labour and Politics: The Dynamics of the Labour Movement in Eastern Australia, 1900-1921. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.
Step 2: Making a list of primary sources to consult
Step 3: Visiting archives and libraries Australia - National Archives of Australia (NAA) - National Library of Australia (NLA) - Australian War Memorial (AWM) - Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) - Australian National University (ANU) Archives
Step 3: Visiting archives and libraries United Kingdom - The National Archives (TNA) - The British Library (BL) - Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives - The University of London Library (ULL) - Parliamentary Archives - Imperial War Museum Archives - Bodleian Library, Oxford - Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge - The National Library of Scotland (NLS)
Personal papers consulted in the UK Hamilton Papers Robertson Papers Kiggell Papers Ashmead-Bartlett Papers Bonar Law Papers Dawney Papers Asquith Papers Harcourt Papers
Personal papers consulted in the UK Milner Papers Violet Milner Papers Hankey Papers Esher Papers Fisher Papers Churchill Papers Rawlinson Papers Amery Papers
Personal papers consulted in the UK Lloyd George Papers Haig Papers Godley Papers Edmunds Papers Birdwood Papers Long Papers Balfour Papers Northcliffe Papers
Step 4: Copying of useful material
Step 5: Importance of keeping lists
Meeting of the War Cabinet held at 10, Downing Street, on Tuesday January 23, 1917 at 12 noon Appendix I, p. 5 There still remains a large reserve of man- power in Australia. In May last the Commonwealth Government held out hopes of a sixth Australian division being raised, but were not sanguine of being able to maintain it in the field. The result of the referendum on compulsory service, however, has not only falsified these hopes, but has led the Government to question the feasibility of maintaining the five existing divisions in the field...From the figures given in Table II it appears that it should be feasible to raise a sixth division and maintain adequate reserves for all six divisions and the Mounted Division in Egypt. The National Archives (TNA), CAB 23/1/0041
Telegram from Bonar Law to Munro-Ferguson, 17th November, 1915 Agent General for New South Wales has represented on behalf of his Government strong objections on constitutional grounds to adhering to Agreement between Commonwealth and States...and urges that New South Wales should not be denied access to English market on account of non-adherence...His Majestys Government do not consider it desirable to express opinion on constitutional issue and appear to have no alternative but to inform Agent General for New South Wales that an application from the Government of that State for permission to borrow in London will be considered by Treasury on its merits... TNA, T 1/12005
Secretary of the Association to Protest Against the Duplication of Income Tax Within the Empire to A. D. Steel-Maitland, House of Commons, 8th August, 1916 Double Income Tax within the Empire is unjust, inequitable and contrary to Imperial interests, that it will of necessity materially restrict and penalise trade and investments within the Empire, that in the interest of the Unity and Development of the Empire it is essential that such steps should be taken by the Imperial Government as will enable immediate relief to be given... TNA, CO 532/90
Step 6: Document selection and section editing Choosing the highly significant documents to include in the section/s that you are responsible for Writing an introduction to that section which will place the documents in some sort of historical context Adding commentaries in footnotes or reference to documents from which extracts are not included in the chapter but are still important
Benefits and challenges of collaborative research projects Benefits: - The ability to attempt large international research projects which may not otherwise be feasible - In terms of the Australia in War and Peace, 1914-19 project, getting the whole picture of the period under study Challenges: - Making the research carried out in one end of the project consistent with the other - In relation to the Australia in War and Peace, 1914-19 project, the two ends of the project starting at different times
Organisation! Organisation! Organisation! This cannot be stressed enough Without good organisation any large, collaborative documents-based research project will not succeed If there is one thing I would like you all to take away from this talk it is this
Other outputs for dissemination We have written or plan to write several journal articles on The Dardanelles Commission, Recruitment, Conscription and its Aftermath, Japan and the Pacific and Versailles. We also intend to publish small pieces in newspapers around significant dates such as Anzac Day and Remembrance Day over the next few years.
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Australia in-war-and-peace-1914-19

  • 1. Australia in War and Peace, 1914- 19: Undertaking a major collaborative documents-based research project By Dr. Jatinder Mann, Kings College London (KCL) and University College London (UCL)
  • 2. Background to the project The Australia in War and Peace, 1914-19 research project is a major collaborative research project between the Menzies Centre for Australian Studies (MCAS), KCL and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) in Canberra, Australia. The ultimate goal of the project is to produce a volume on Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19. The publication will follow the model of the previous volume MCAS worked on: Australia and the United Kingdom, 1960-1975; which consisted of painstakingly selected, historically significant Australian and British documents.
  • 3. Key members of the research project Prof. Carl Bridge (KCL) (Director of MCAS and Professor of Australian History, Department of History) - Head of the British end of the project and book and section editor of volume Dr. David Lee (DFAT) (Director of the Historical Publications and Information Section) Head of the Australian end of the project and book and section editor of volume Dr. Jatinder Mann (KCL) (Postdoctoral Research Fellow) - In charge of the day-to-day running of the British end of the project , chief liaison with the Australian end, and book and section editor of volume Associate Professor Frank Bongiorno (ANU) (Associate Professor of Australian History, School of History) Section editor of volume Bart Zielinski (KCL) (Research Assistant) Responsible for assisting Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the running of the project, carrying out research and proofing and editing
  • 4. Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19 The Outbreak of War Recruitment, Conscription and its Aftermath The Dardanelles Commission Administration of the AIF Finance and Loans Labour, Commodities and Shipping
  • 5. Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19 Japan and the Pacific Versailles Demobilisation and repatriation Working in the Imperial System (to include Australia House and intra-imperial collaboration and discussions re. double income tax etc)
  • 6. Publicising of the project We have already presented papers on The Dardanelles Commission, Recruitment, Conscription and its Aftermath and Versailles We have also given papers on an overview of the project at numerous prominent venues in both Australia and the UK Furthermore, the British end of the project presented papers on various themes at a Research Symposium held at MCAS in late February 2013
  • 7. Timescale of the project We are intending to publish the volume of Documents on Australian Foreign Policy on War and Peace, 1914-19 in 2015 Alongside a hardcopy of the book, a subsequent online version will also be made available so as to maximise accessibility to institutions, scholars, students and other interested individuals all across the world
  • 8. Step 1: Background secondary reading Andrews, E. M. The Anzac Illusion: Anglo-Australian Relations during World War I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Bridge, Carl. Makers of the British World: William Hughes Australia. London: Haus, 2011. Connor, John. Anzac and Empire: George Foster Pearce and the Foundations of Australian Defence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Fitzhardinge, L. F. The Little Digger, 1914-1952: William Morris Hughes A Political Biography, Volume II. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1979. Fitzhardinge, L. F. William Morris Hughes A Political Biography: I - That Fiery Particle, 1862-1914.
  • 9. Step 1: Background secondary reading McKernan, Michael. The Australian People and the Great War. Melbourne: Nelson, 1980. Meaney, Neville. Australia and World Crisis, 1914-1923: Volume 2 A History of Australian Defence and Foreign Policy, 1901-23. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2009. Scott, Ernest. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918: Vol. XI Australia during the War. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1943. Turner, Ian. Industrial Labour and Politics: The Dynamics of the Labour Movement in Eastern Australia, 1900-1921. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.
  • 10. Step 2: Making a list of primary sources to consult
  • 11. Step 3: Visiting archives and libraries Australia - National Archives of Australia (NAA) - National Library of Australia (NLA) - Australian War Memorial (AWM) - Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) - Australian National University (ANU) Archives
  • 12. Step 3: Visiting archives and libraries United Kingdom - The National Archives (TNA) - The British Library (BL) - Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives - The University of London Library (ULL) - Parliamentary Archives - Imperial War Museum Archives - Bodleian Library, Oxford - Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge - The National Library of Scotland (NLS)
  • 13. Personal papers consulted in the UK Hamilton Papers Robertson Papers Kiggell Papers Ashmead-Bartlett Papers Bonar Law Papers Dawney Papers Asquith Papers Harcourt Papers
  • 14. Personal papers consulted in the UK Milner Papers Violet Milner Papers Hankey Papers Esher Papers Fisher Papers Churchill Papers Rawlinson Papers Amery Papers
  • 15. Personal papers consulted in the UK Lloyd George Papers Haig Papers Godley Papers Edmunds Papers Birdwood Papers Long Papers Balfour Papers Northcliffe Papers
  • 16. Step 4: Copying of useful material
  • 17. Step 5: Importance of keeping lists
  • 18. Meeting of the War Cabinet held at 10, Downing Street, on Tuesday January 23, 1917 at 12 noon Appendix I, p. 5 There still remains a large reserve of man- power in Australia. In May last the Commonwealth Government held out hopes of a sixth Australian division being raised, but were not sanguine of being able to maintain it in the field. The result of the referendum on compulsory service, however, has not only falsified these hopes, but has led the Government to question the feasibility of maintaining the five existing divisions in the field...From the figures given in Table II it appears that it should be feasible to raise a sixth division and maintain adequate reserves for all six divisions and the Mounted Division in Egypt. The National Archives (TNA), CAB 23/1/0041
  • 19. Telegram from Bonar Law to Munro-Ferguson, 17th November, 1915 Agent General for New South Wales has represented on behalf of his Government strong objections on constitutional grounds to adhering to Agreement between Commonwealth and States...and urges that New South Wales should not be denied access to English market on account of non-adherence...His Majestys Government do not consider it desirable to express opinion on constitutional issue and appear to have no alternative but to inform Agent General for New South Wales that an application from the Government of that State for permission to borrow in London will be considered by Treasury on its merits... TNA, T 1/12005
  • 20. Secretary of the Association to Protest Against the Duplication of Income Tax Within the Empire to A. D. Steel-Maitland, House of Commons, 8th August, 1916 Double Income Tax within the Empire is unjust, inequitable and contrary to Imperial interests, that it will of necessity materially restrict and penalise trade and investments within the Empire, that in the interest of the Unity and Development of the Empire it is essential that such steps should be taken by the Imperial Government as will enable immediate relief to be given... TNA, CO 532/90
  • 21. Step 6: Document selection and section editing Choosing the highly significant documents to include in the section/s that you are responsible for Writing an introduction to that section which will place the documents in some sort of historical context Adding commentaries in footnotes or reference to documents from which extracts are not included in the chapter but are still important
  • 22. Benefits and challenges of collaborative research projects Benefits: - The ability to attempt large international research projects which may not otherwise be feasible - In terms of the Australia in War and Peace, 1914-19 project, getting the whole picture of the period under study Challenges: - Making the research carried out in one end of the project consistent with the other - In relation to the Australia in War and Peace, 1914-19 project, the two ends of the project starting at different times
  • 23. Organisation! Organisation! Organisation! This cannot be stressed enough Without good organisation any large, collaborative documents-based research project will not succeed If there is one thing I would like you all to take away from this talk it is this
  • 24. Other outputs for dissemination We have written or plan to write several journal articles on The Dardanelles Commission, Recruitment, Conscription and its Aftermath, Japan and the Pacific and Versailles. We also intend to publish small pieces in newspapers around significant dates such as Anzac Day and Remembrance Day over the next few years.