2. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
onset in the developmental period
typically manifest early in development,
often before the child enters grade school,
produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or
occupational functioning
varies from very specific limitations of learning or control
of executive functions to global impairments of social
skills or intelligence
3. intellectual developmental disorder
communication disorders
language disorder,
speech sound disorder,
social(pragmatic) communication disorder,
childhood-onset fluency disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
ADHD
motor disorders
developmental coordination disorder,
stereotypic movement disorder,
tic disorders
Specific learning disorder
reading, writing, and/or math
15. components or functions in
human thinking
Sensations
Attention
Emotions
Memory
Thoughts and
imagination
Planning
self-awareness
Self-consciousness
Consciousness of death
Self-
conscio
usness
Free will
Language
17. evolutionary order in
appearance of functions
different elements in the consciousness into:
1 . Sensations that are the immediate sensory impressions
2. Perceptions that are interpreted sensory impressions
Perceptions form one category of representations
3. Imaginations (or images) that are not directly governed by sensory
impressions
detached representations
Imaginations and perceptions are the elements from which the
inner world is constructed
19. Darwinian beings
Genetically programmed
does not necessarily possess a capacity for learning
Inflexible
Skinnerian beings
ability to learn from their experiences
Habituation
Conditioning
acquire knowledge through trial-and-error
time-consuming
dangerous
20. Popperian beings
can represent the world in an inner world
simulate the consequences of behaving
Gregorian beings
can copy parts of another's acquired inner world
can conserve energy and run fewer risks
Donaldian Beings
can locate their knowledge in the external world
representations are detached from human minds
21. utilize other individuals' knowledge
follow their gaze,
to look where they are
looking
Many species of animal
have this ability
Imitate
stimulus enhancement
attracted to objects with
which others are interacting
Mimicking
Mimics another's behavior
Imitation
understands the intention
behind a certain kind of
behavior
22. Causal reasoning
four different kinds of thought processes:
(a) Being able to foresee the physical effects
of one's own actions
(b) Being able to foresee the effects of others'
actions
(c) Understanding the causes of others'
actions
(d) Understanding the causes of physical
events
23. The verbal communication of
children with autism
Lack of expressive verbal language autistic muteness
Echolalia
Pronoun reversal
Extreme literalness
Metaphorical language
Neologisms
Affirmation by repetition
Repetitive questioning
Demanding the same verbal scenario
Autistic discourse style
Poor control of prosody
24. hypersensitivity and/or hyposensitivity
disturbance by certain stimuli and/or fascination by certain
stimuli
inconsistency of perception (fluctuation between hyper- and
hyposensitivity)
fragmented perception
distorted perception
sensory agnosia (difficulty interpreting a sense)
delayed perception
sensory overload
34. Cognitive Styles
Patterns of attention in autism
concentrate on a detail instead of a whole
difficulty in switching attention
establish and maintain joint attention
Memory in autism
gestalt and literalness
associative memory
59. Pro-Social and Play Related Interventions
Language and Communication-Based Interventions
Sensory and Motor Interventions
Intervention for Challenging Behavior
Biomedical Interventions
General Skill Building
Expressive Psychotherapies
Comprehensive Programs
PRACTICES FOR FAMILIES
60. Pro-Social and Play Related
Interventions
to increase meaningful relationships
social interest,
social initiation,
social responsiveness,
empathy and understanding of the others perspective
61. Pro-Social and Play Related
Interventions
Social Stories
Peer-Mediated Instruction
Social Script Training
Theory of Mind Training
Relationship Development Intervention