This document discusses autonomous vehicles and provides information on their different levels, from level 0 with no automation to level 5 with full automation. It describes the hardware and software components needed for autonomy, including sensors, actuators, perception, planning and control software. Countries actively working on autonomous vehicle technology are listed, along with some of the top companies in the field. Potential benefits are outlined, such as reduced traffic and increased road capacity, though challenges like software reliability, cybersecurity and job losses are also noted. The document concludes that vehicle-to-everything communication will allow autonomous cars to be even more effective at avoiding crashes and congestion.
2. AUTONOMOUS CARS
An autonomous car is an
automatic car capable of
fulfilling the human
transportation capabilities
of a traditional car.
It has capable of sensing its
environment and navigating
without human inputs.
3. LEVEL 0
1967 PORSCHE 911S
LEVEL 1
AUDI A7 (2010)
LEVEL 2
TESLA AUTOPILOT
LEVEL 3
AUDI TRAFFIC JAM PILOT
LEVEL 4
WAYMO FIRE FLY (GOOGLE CARS)
LEVEL 5
BMW I NEXT & AUDI AICON &
VOLVO 360C
5. USES HUMAN AUTONOMOUS CARS
USED TO VIEW EYE CAMERAS,LIDAR,
RADAR
USED TO GIVE
COMMANDS
BRAIN SOFTWARE
USED TO GIVE
INPUTS
HAND AND FOOT PROCESSOR
USED FOR ROUTE MAP GNSS RECEIVER
6. UNITED STATES
SINGAPORE
GREECE
ENGLAND
CHINA
JAPAN
FINLAND
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
AUSTRALIA
8. Fewer traffic collisions.
Increased road way capacity and reduced traffic
congestion.
Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation
chores.
Higher speed limit for autonomous car.
Alleviation of parking scarcity.
Elimination of redundant.
Reduction of space required for vehicle parking.
Reduction in the need for traffic police and vehicle
insurance.
Reduction of physical road signage.
Smoother ride.
9. Liability for damage.
Resistance for individuals
to forfeit control of their
cars.
Software reliability.
Cyber security.
Loss of driver-related
jobs.
Loss of privacy.
When these things are rectified, this would be
one of the best development in the world.
10. Vehicular communication systems are an
emerging type of networks in which vehicles
and roadside units are the communicating
nodes, providing each other with information
such as safety, warnings and traffic
information.
Autonomous cars integrated with vehicular
communication system can be more effective
in avoiding crashes and traffic congestions.
So, this is the emerging thing which will be
seen all around the world tomorrow.