azlina - wound care. in critically patientpptx

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wound

www.ummc.edu.my
Definition
A surgical wound is a cut or incision in the skin that is usually made by
a scalpel during surgery. A surgical wound can also be the result of a
drain placed during surgery.
Surgical wounds vary greatly in size. They are usually closed with
sutures, but are sometimes left open to heal
https://www.healthline.com/health/surgical-wound

www.ummc.edu.my
Surgical Wound Classification
? Surgical wounds can be classified into one of four categories.
? These categories depend on how contaminated or clean the wound
is, the risk of infection, and where the wound is located on the body.
?Clean or Class 1
?Clean – contaminated or Class 11
?Contaminated or Class 111
?Dirty – Infected or Class IV

www.ummc.edu.my
Wound Classifications Relate to SSIs

www.ummc.edu.my
Providence Classification Schema

www.ummc.edu.my
Surgical Wound Classification
Class I
? These are considered clean wounds. They show no signs of infection or inflammation. They
often involve the eye, skin, or vascular system.
? It is non traumatic , uninfected operative wound . Elective and primarily closed.
? Infection rate is< 2%
Class II:
? These wounds are considered clean-contaminated. Although the wound may not show signs
of infection, it is at an increased risk of becoming infected because of its location.
? For example, surgical wounds in the gastrointestinal tract
? Gastrointestinal , respiratory or genito-urinary tracts entered without significant spillage or
wounds which are mechanically drained.
? E.g. Appendicectomy, gallbladder, biliary, pancreatic surgeries
? may be at a high risk of becoming infected. Infection rate is < 10%

www.ummc.edu.my
Class III
A surgical wound in which an outside object has come into contact with
the skin has a high risk of infection and is considered a contaminated
wound. For example, a gunshot wound may contaminate the skin around
where the surgical repair occurs.
Class IV
This class of wound is considered dirty-contaminated. These include
wounds that have been exposed to fecal material.

www.ummc.edu.my
? Surgical wounds are created when a surgeon makes an incision or
cut with a surgical instrument called a scalpel. A wide variety of
medical circumstances require surgery. The size of a wound depends
on the type of procedure and location on the body.

There are three key phases of wound healing: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. Many protocols are put in place during surgery to prevent infections, but they can still occur, causing death, morbidity, and longer hospital stays. The risk depends on factors like the operation type, patient health, and surgical practices. Clean wounds have the lowest risk while dirty wounds have the highest. Proper wound handling and closure can help promote primary healing over secondary healing.

Woundsitz_ruhulalam

The document defines wounds and describes the phases and processes of wound healing. It classifies wounds as open or closed and discusses various types of open wounds like incised, lacerated, and penetrating wounds. It also outlines the cells and factors involved in wound healing, potential complications, and treatments for different wound types like surgical/aseptic wounds, contaminated wounds, and accidental traumatic wounds. Treatments include cleaning, debridement, drainage, antibiotics, and closure techniques. Abscesses and hematomas are also discussed.

Woundsitz_ruhulalam

Wound presentationMnazi Mmoja National Hospital Zanzibar/abdulla mzee hospital

This document provides definitions and classifications of wounds. It discusses the pathophysiology of wound infection, including the signs of inflammation. It describes the management of wounds, including wound assessment, cleansing, and surgical debridement. It covers types of wound healing, factors affecting healing, and complications and their management. Some key points include classifications by degree of contamination and mechanism of injury. It discusses the cardinal signs of inflammation. It also outlines wound closure techniques and factors influencing wound healing such as nutrition, diabetes, and chronic diseases.

Maxillofacial Trauma Hesham El-Hawary

Maxillofacial trauma can result from injuries like motor vehicle accidents, falls, or animal bites. It includes soft tissue wounds, bone fractures, or a combination. Diagnosis involves clinical examination looking for signs of injury, and radiographic evaluation using techniques like plain X-rays, panoramic views, and advanced imaging to identify fractures. Treatment depends on the specific injuries but the priorities are always managing the airway, breathing, and circulation during the emergency period.

CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS BDS 3rd year .pptxDanish Hamid

Explore the intricate world of wound classification with our comprehensive slideshare presentation. From superficial abrasions to complex surgical wounds, this presentation delves into the diverse taxonomy of wounds, providing a systematic framework for understanding and categorizing them. With detailed visuals and insightful explanations, we navigate through the nuances of wound classification, encompassing factors such as etiology, depth, tissue involvement, and healing characteristics. Whether you're a healthcare professional seeking to enhance your knowledge or a student delving into the fascinating realm of wound care, this presentation offers valuable insights to deepen your understanding and improve patient outcomes. Join us as we unravel the complexities of wound classification, empowering you to make informed decisions in clinical practice and contribute to the advancement of wound care management. Discover the art and science behind classifying wounds effectively and gain a deeper appreciation for the multifaceted nature of this essential aspect of healthcare.

CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS BDS 3rd year .pptxDanish Hamid

SSI_.pptxNazmulAzamShohan1

This document discusses surgical site infections (SSIs). It defines SSIs as infections that occur after surgery within 30 days or 1 year if a foreign body is implanted. The document describes the different types of SSIs based on infection depth (superficial, deep, organ/space) and timing (early, delayed, late). It also lists common risk factors for SSIs and recommendations for prevention during the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative periods, including proper patient preparation, antibiotic prophylaxis, and maintaining sterile technique. The document provides guidance on identifying and treating SSIs based on their presentation and severity.

7. Surgical Site Infections.pptxZakariaAbdilahi

This document discusses surgical site infections (SSI). It defines SSI as an infection occurring within 30 days of a surgical procedure (or up to 90 days if an implant is involved). SSI risk varies by procedure type but is as high as 10% for colon surgery. Clean wounds have a 4% SSI risk while contaminated wounds have a 35% risk. SSI diagnosis involves examining wounds for signs of infection like fever, drainage or pain and confirming with tests like culture. Treatment involves wound exploration, debridement and antibiotics.

surgicalwounddressing-201022180123 (1).pdfBob Taguba

This document discusses surgical wound dressing. It defines a surgical wound and different types of dressings used including semi-permeable film, foam, hydrogel, hydrocolloid and alginate dressings. The purpose of surgical wound dressing is to prevent infection, assess healing, protect the wound and promote healing. Principles of dressing include asepsis to prevent spread of microorganisms. Preparation of the patient, environment and required articles is explained. The procedure of wound assessment, removal of soiled dressings and application of new sterile dressing is demonstrated in steps.

Surgical wound dressing狠狠撸share User

This document discusses surgical wound dressing. It defines a surgical wound and different types of dressings used including semi-permeable film, foam, hydrogel, hydrocolloid and alginate dressings. The purpose and principles of wound dressing are explained. The preparation needed for surgical wound dressing is described along with the articles and equipment required. The step-by-step procedure for surgical wound dressing is demonstrated along with safety considerations and documentation requirements.

13 wound care power point presentation.pptxAregashAcha

SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS PREVENTION AND CARESociety for Microbiology and Infection care

Surgical site infections are infections that occur after surgery in the part of the body where surgery took place. They can range from minor superficial infections to more serious deep tissue infections. Surgical site infections account for around 20% of all healthcare-associated infections and at least 5% of patients who undergo surgery will develop a surgical site infection. The risk factors include patient characteristics like age, diabetes, and obesity as well as surgical factors like long duration of surgery, improper skin preparation, and poor aseptic technique. Preventing surgical site infections requires strategies like proper patient skin preparation before surgery, appropriate use of antimicrobial prophylaxis during surgery, and careful wound care after surgery.

Wound infectionKIST Surgery

The document discusses wound infection, providing details on normal wound healing, classification of wounds and surgical site infections, complications of wounds like seroma and hematoma, prevention of surgical site infections through various patient, surgical, and post-operative measures, and general management of wound infections including debridement, irrigation, antibiotic therapy, and wound management techniques. Risk factors, signs, diagnosis, and treatment of surgical site infections are covered.

WOUND INFECTION PRESENTATION IN GENERAL SURGERYSandeshNyoupane

WOUND.pptxRameeThj

A wound is a break or cut in the body's structure caused by physical means. Wounds are classified by severity, cleanliness, and skin integrity. The wound healing process involves four stages: inflammatory, destructive, proliferative, and maturation. Wound dressings are sterile coverings that protect wounds, absorb drainage, and deliver medications to promote healing. Proper wound care includes cleaning the area, inspecting the wound, applying medications and dressings aseptically, and securing the dressing.

Atlas surgical site infectionHIRANGER

A surgical site infection (SSI) occurs after surgery in the part of the body where surgery took place. SSIs increase morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and costs. There are three levels of SSI: superficial, deep, and organ/space. Risk factors include age, obesity, diabetes, and prolonged preoperative stay. Prevention focuses on minimizing contamination, enhancing defenses, and preventing post-op access to the incision through measures like preop showering, appropriate hair removal, proper attire and hand hygiene for staff, judicious antibiotic use, and maintaining patient homeostasis during and after surgery.

WOUNDS AND ULCERS-1.pptxWILLIAMSADU1

This document provides an overview of wound classification and the wound healing process. It begins with the objectives and defines a wound. It then classifies wounds according to surface covering, depth of injury, cause, type of injury, and degree of contamination. The stages of wound healing are described as inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases. Key processes in the proliferative phase include granulation, wound contraction, and epithelialization which work to fill the wound with new tissue and close it.

Surgical suppliesTahir Khan

The document discusses the role of pharmacists in supplying surgical items. Pharmacists are responsible for providing surgical instruments, sutures, dressings and other equipment for use before, during and after surgery. This includes primary dressings that directly contact wounds, secondary dressings to protect primary dressings, and combined primary-secondary dressings. Pharmacists must also supply operating room items like hemostatic products, masks and disposable packs. A variety of suture materials are discussed including absorbable materials like surgical gut and synthetic options, as well as non-absorbable materials like silk and nylon.

Introduction to general surgery and history of general surgeryIrfanNashad1

This document provides an introduction to surgery, including definitions of key terms like indication, types of incisions and wounds. It discusses the different types of wounds that can occur like open wounds from surgery, burns or bites, and closed wounds under intact skin. The document also outlines factors that affect wound healing and different types of dressings that can be used, including absorbent, nonadherent, occlusive and medicated dressings.

Various methods of debridement, by Dr Kalimullah WardakKalimullah Wardak

Debridement is the removal of devitalized tissue from a wound to promote healing. There are several methods of debridement including autolytic, biological using maggots, enzymatic using collagenase, surgical with sharp instruments, and mechanical. The key steps are to remove nonviable tissue through debridement, manage infection and inflammation, maintain a moist wound environment, and assess for reepithelialization. Debridement is essential for wound healing by removing barriers to healing like necrotic tissue but the method used depends on factors like wound severity, infection status, and patient factors.

Wound managementTurgaSubramaniam1

This document discusses wound management. It defines a wound and classifies wounds according to etiology, the Rank-Wakefield system, duration of healing, and degree of contamination. The phases of wound healing and surgical site infections are explained. Wound assessment, debridement of non-viable tissue, and various dressing types are also outlined. The goals of wound management are to create an optimal environment for healing by using techniques like debridement, dressing, and treating any underlying diseases.

Surgical site infectionspraneeth raju

The document discusses surgical site infections (SSIs): - SSIs are the most common hospital-acquired infection in surgical patients, accounting for 38% of nosocomial infections. Risk factors include diabetes, smoking, obesity, and prolonged preoperative hospital stays. - Proper hand hygiene, surgical attire/drapes, preoperative patient skin antisepsis, tight glucose control in diabetics, and administration of antibiotic prophylaxis can help prevent SSIs. - Signs of an SSI include pain, swelling, redness or drainage at the surgical incision site within 30 days of surgery. Treatment involves antibiotics and sometimes re-operation to drain pus.

surgicalsiteinfections-181026151122.pdfbyx2b844gcs

The document discusses surgical site infections (SSIs): - SSIs are the most common hospital-acquired infection in surgical patients, accounting for 38% of nosocomial infections. Risk factors include diabetes, smoking, obesity, and prolonged preoperative hospital stays. - Proper hand hygiene, surgical attire/drapes, preoperative patient skin antisepsis, tight glucose control in diabetics, and administration of antibiotic prophylaxis can help prevent SSIs. - Signs of an SSI include pain, swelling, redness or drainage at the surgical site within 30 days of surgery. Treatment involves antibiotics and sometimes re-operation to drain infection.

wound-151014062836-lva1-app6892.pptxabdiazizhamud1

This document defines wounds and classifies them, discusses wound healing processes and factors that affect healing, and outlines principles of wound management and dressing. It defines a wound as a break in tissue continuity and classifies wounds as intentional vs unintentional, open vs closed, by degree of contamination, and depth. The main stages of wound healing are hemostasis and inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Dressings are used to provide an ideal environment for healing and characteristics of effective dressings are described.

Lect 6 wound mangementAli Mohamed Aziz

This document provides an overview of skin anatomy, wound classification, and wound management. It discusses the objectives of understanding wound care, outlines different topics to be covered including wound healing process and complications. The document defines wounds and classifies them by mechanism of injury, depth and degree of contamination. It describes the three phases of wound healing and different types of healing. Key steps of wound assessment and factors affecting healing are highlighted. Common wound dressings and their properties/indications are also summarized.

WOUND CARE.pptxveronicabenitho

This document discusses wound care and management. It defines wounds and ulcers, and describes various causes of wounds including surgical incisions, trauma, pressure, and poor circulation. Wounds are classified based on level of contamination as clean, clean/contaminated, contaminated, or infected. Wounds can also be classified as open or closed, and described based on the object that caused them such as incisional, laceration, abrasion, etc. Wound healing occurs by primary, secondary, or tertiary intention depending on whether tissue layers are closed or left open. Factors that affect healing include health status, immune function, diabetes, age, nutrition, and body build. The principal goals of wound management are to prevent

nursing research and evidence basec practicennazurah

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted healthcare workers, particularly nurses, who faced unprecedented challenges. Occupational stress among nurses increased due to high patient loads, fear of infection, and emotional exhaustion. This paper explores the perceived stress and sources of occupational stress among nurses during the COVID-19 crisis. It highlights psychological, physical, and organizational stressors while discussing potential coping mechanisms and strategies for better stress management. 1. Introduction Occupational stress among healthcare professionals, especially nurses, intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses were at the frontline, providing care under extreme conditions, leading to elevated levels of stress. This paper examines the perceived stress and primary sources contributing to occupational stress among nurses. It also explores the effects of stress on mental health, job performance, and overall well-being. 2. Understanding Perceived Occupational Stress Among Nurses 2.1 Definition of Perceived Stress Perceived stress refers to an individual's subjective interpretation of stressors in their environment. It encompasses emotional and physiological reactions to demanding situations. Nurses experienced heightened perceived stress due to increased workload, patient mortality, and uncertainty surrounding the virus. 2.2 Psychological and Emotional Aspects Fear of contracting COVID-19 and infecting family members Anxiety and depression due to prolonged exposure to critical cases Emotional exhaustion from witnessing patient suffering and death Lack of social support due to quarantine and isolation measures 2.3 Physical Aspects of Perceived Stress Fatigue from extended working hours and insufficient rest Physical strain due to prolonged use of personal protective equipment (PPE) Sleep disturbances and irregular schedules Increased risk of burnout and stress-related illnesses 3. Sources of Occupational Stress Among Nurses During COVID-19 3.1 Workload and Job Demands Increased patient admissions led to excessive workloads Shortage of healthcare workers, requiring nurses to work overtime Limited resources, including ventilators, PPE, and medication Increased administrative tasks and documentation requirements 3.2 Fear and Uncertainty Rapidly evolving information about the virus and treatment protocols Uncertainty regarding job security and institutional support Anxiety over potential future pandemics and health crises 3.3 Lack of Organizational Support Inadequate training and preparedness for pandemic response Poor communication from hospital management Limited mental health support and counseling services Insufficient financial compensation and incentives 3.4 Patient Care and Ethical Dilemmas Increased patient mortality and lack of sufficient medical interventions Ethical dilemmas in resource allocation (e.g., ventilator shortages) Difficulty in maintaining quality patient care under extr

knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention in icunnazurah

Pressure injuries (also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores) are a significant concern in intensive care units (ICUs) due to prolonged immobility, hemodynamic instability, and medical device-related pressure. Preventing these injuries requires a multifaceted approach that includes risk assessment, skin care, repositioning, and advanced support surfaces. 1. Risk Assessment Use validated tools like the Braden Scale or Norton Scale to assess the patient's risk. Evaluate factors such as mobility, moisture, nutrition, activity, friction, and shear. Identify high-risk patients, such as those on mechanical ventilation, with circulatory shock, or prolonged immobility. 2. Regular Skin Inspection Perform daily skin assessments, focusing on bony prominences (e.g., sacrum, heels, occiput). Monitor areas where medical devices, such as endotracheal tubes or catheters, may exert pressure. 3. Repositioning and Offloading Reposition every 2 hours for bed-bound patients and every hour for those in chairs. Use the 30-degree lateral tilt to reduce pressure on the sacrum and trochanters. Offload heels with heel suspension devices or pillows. 4. Use of Support Surfaces Provide pressure-relieving mattresses (e.g., high-density foam, air-fluidized, low-air-loss mattresses). Use specialized cushions for high-risk areas. 5. Nutrition and Hydration Ensure adequate protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake to support skin integrity. Use enteral or parenteral nutrition as needed. Monitor hydration status to maintain skin elasticity. 6. Moisture Management and Skin Protection Keep skin clean and dry, managing incontinence with barrier creams. Use absorbent pads or external catheters for urinary incontinence. Apply protective dressings (e.g., foam or hydrocolloid dressings) on high-risk areas. Minimizing Friction and Shear Use lift sheets or mechanical lifts instead of dragging patients during repositioning. Elevate the head of the bed no more than 30 degrees unless contraindicated. 8. Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury Prevention Frequently reposition tubes, masks, and catheters to relieve pressure. Use padding under medical devices to reduce localized pressure. 9. Staff Education and Protocol Implementation Train ICU staff on pressure injury prevention strategies. Develop hospital-wide protocols for early intervention. Conduct regular pressure injury audits to assess adherence to preventive measures. Conclusion Preventing pressure injuries in the ICU requires a proactive, multidisciplinary approach. Early risk identification, frequent repositioning, skin protection, proper nutrition, and specialized support surfaces are key strategies. Continuous education and adherence to protocols help reduce the incidence of pressure injuries and improve patient outcomes. Pressure injuries (PIs), also known as pressure ulcers, are a critical concern in ICU patients due to prolonged immobility, hemodynamic instability, and increased vulnerability from multiple medical conditions.

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Alana Song Hawaii - A Medical AssistantAlana Song Hawaii

Alana Song, a recent healthcare graduate from the Island of Hawaii, is dedicated to making a meaningful impact. Holding a Certificate in Nursing Assistant Training from the Healthcare School of Hawaii, she is equipped to provide excellent care. At Maui Medical Group, she honed her skills in medication administration, vital sign monitoring, and electronic record-keeping. Her commitment to a clean and safe environment underscores her dedication to patient safety. Fluent in English and Spanish, she excels in communication and compliance. Alana also supports patients with counseling after traumatic injuries, demonstrating her commitment to comprehensive healthcare.

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1. NURSING CARE OF PATIENT : SURGICAL WOUND CARE AZLINA BINTI JAMALUDIN WAD CICU CARDIOTHORACIX INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2. www.ummc.edu.my OUTLINE ? .Definition ? Classification of surgical wound ? Risk factor for surgical wound complication ? Types of wound dressing & when to use ? Types of lotion use for wound dressing ? Step of wound dressing ? Sign of infection ? references

3. www.ummc.edu.my Definition A surgical wound is a cut or incision in the skin that is usually made by a scalpel during surgery. A surgical wound can also be the result of a drain placed during surgery. Surgical wounds vary greatly in size. They are usually closed with sutures, but are sometimes left open to heal https://www.healthline.com/health/surgical-wound

4. www.ummc.edu.my Surgical Wound Classification ? Surgical wounds can be classified into one of four categories. ? These categories depend on how contaminated or clean the wound is, the risk of infection, and where the wound is located on the body. ?Clean or Class 1 ?Clean – contaminated or Class 11 ?Contaminated or Class 111 ?Dirty – Infected or Class IV

5. www.ummc.edu.my Wound Classifications Relate to SSIs

6. www.ummc.edu.my Providence Classification Schema

7. www.ummc.edu.my Surgical Wound Classification Class I ? These are considered clean wounds. They show no signs of infection or inflammation. They often involve the eye, skin, or vascular system. ? It is non traumatic , uninfected operative wound . Elective and primarily closed. ? Infection rate is< 2% Class II: ? These wounds are considered clean-contaminated. Although the wound may not show signs of infection, it is at an increased risk of becoming infected because of its location. ? For example, surgical wounds in the gastrointestinal tract ? Gastrointestinal , respiratory or genito-urinary tracts entered without significant spillage or wounds which are mechanically drained. ? E.g. Appendicectomy, gallbladder, biliary, pancreatic surgeries ? may be at a high risk of becoming infected. Infection rate is < 10%

8. www.ummc.edu.my Class III A surgical wound in which an outside object has come into contact with the skin has a high risk of infection and is considered a contaminated wound. For example, a gunshot wound may contaminate the skin around where the surgical repair occurs. Class IV This class of wound is considered dirty-contaminated. These include wounds that have been exposed to fecal material.

9. www.ummc.edu.my

10. www.ummc.edu.my ? Surgical wounds are created when a surgeon makes an incision or cut with a surgical instrument called a scalpel. A wide variety of medical circumstances require surgery. The size of a wound depends on the type of procedure and location on the body.

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