BIO T5 KSSM BAB 1 Organisasi Tisu Tumbuhan dan Pertumbuhan.pptxg02367392
油
Dokumen ini membahas tentang organisasi tisu tumbuhan dan pertumbuhan biologi, mengelaskan tisu kepada tisu meristem dan tisu kekal serta fungsinya. Pertumbuhan primer dan sekunder dalam tumbuhan dijelaskan dengan merujuk kepada zon pertumbuhan sel dan kepentingan masing-masing dari segi kestabilan dan ekonomi. Contoh tumbuhan semusim, dwimusim, dan saka juga diberikan untuk memperjelas kitaran hidup tumbuhan.
Dokumen ini menerangkan tentang pertumbuhan primer dan sekunder pada tumbuhan. Pertumbuhan primer terjadi di meristem apeks untuk menambah panjang batang dan akar, sementara pertumbuhan sekunder berlaku untuk menambah diameter batang dan akar melalui pembahagian sel di kambium vaskular dan kambium gabus. Proses ini melibatkan pembentukan xilem dan floem sekunder serta peningkatan ketahanan tumbuhan melalui penebalan lignin dan lapisan gabus.
Organisasi Tumbuhan (Murugan Genesan DB 100739 (S4)Murugan Genesan
油
Tumbuhan adalah organisma hidup yang melakukan fotosintesis menggunakan klorofil dan memerlukan cahaya matahari. Tisu tumbuhan terbahagi kepada tisu meristem dan tisu kekal, dengan sistem pengangkutan yang melibatkan xilem dan floem. Organ tumbuhan seperti daun, bunga, batang, dan akar memainkan peranan penting dalam menyokong proses fotosintesis dan pendebungaan.
Pertumbuhan dalam organisma multisel melibatkan peningkatan jisim dan saiz melalui pembahagian sel, pemanjangan sel, dan pembezaan sel. Pembiakan sel membolehkan pertambahan bilangan sel, sementara pemanjangan sel terjadi melalui penyerapan air dan nutrien, menyebabkan pertumbuhan lebih cepat. Pertumbuhan sekunder, yang menghasilkan peningkatan ketebalan batang dan akar, membolehkan tumbuhan menyokong diri dan menggantikan tisu yang rosak.
Dokumen ini menerangkan tentang struktur dan fungsi sel, termasuk komponen penting seperti membran plasma, nukleus, sitoplasma, dan pelbagai organel yang menjalankan fungsi kritikal dalam sel. Ia juga membincangkan tisu tumbuhan dan cara organisma hidup mengatur persekitaran dalaman mereka melalui mekanisme homeostasis. Selain itu, ia menekankan tentang pembahagian dan peranan pelbagai jenis tisu dalam tumbuhan, termasuk tisu meristematik dan tisu kekal.
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This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the authors consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCamp
油
The document discusses leveraging AI to enhance employee wellness through data analytics, automating tasks, and personalized wellness apps, emphasizing the shared responsibility of employee well-being between leaders and organizations. It outlines best practices for using AI in wellness strategies, including ensuring data privacy and security, understanding employee needs, and promoting inclusivity. Lydia Di Francesco, a wellness specialist, shares insights to optimize workplace wellness strategy using AI-driven data analytics and encourages collaboration and transparency.
2024 State of Marketing Report by HubspotMarius Sescu
油
The State of Marketing 2024 report highlights the transformative impact of AI and automation, emphasizing the importance of personalization and engagement to drive growth in a competitive landscape. Marketers are focusing on optimizing budgets, leveraging social media for brand awareness, and utilizing AI tools to enhance efficiency across tasks. Key trends for 2024 include the rise of experiential marketing, content creation that meets user needs, and strengthened connections through personalized customer experiences.
ChatGPT is an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI, built on advanced language models to facilitate human-like conversational interactions. Launched in November 2022, it utilizes a transformer architecture to understand and generate text, with applications ranging from content creation to customer service. Despite its capabilities, there are concerns about potential misuse and biases in its responses, which OpenAI aims to mitigate through moderation and user feedback.
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
油
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
油
The November 2023 mental health report indicates that 70% of respondents rate their mental health as 'good' or 'excellent,' with higher diagnoses reported among African Americans and non-Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics and Asians. Younger generations, particularly Gen Z and millennials, are more likely to experience mental health challenges, seek information online, and report that their mental health impacts their work and relationships. Half of the respondents feel comfortable discussing their mental health with professionals, although Gen Z shows the least comfort in this area.
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
油
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
油
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
油
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
油
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
The 2024 social media marketing trends report highlights significant shifts influenced by generative AI, including the emergence of personalized content, the rise of virtual influencers, and a stronger focus on user-generated content. Insights were gathered from 33 experts across 23 leading independent agencies, providing a perspective that emphasizes creativity and authenticity in marketing strategies. Key trends also include the blending of B2B and B2C approaches, reflecting changes in consumer behavior and the evolving landscape of social media engagement.
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
油
The document discusses trends in paid search for 2024, highlighting changes in user behavior, the implications for financial services, and privacy challenges. It emphasizes the importance of adapting search strategies, utilizing AI-driven tools like performance max and smart bidding, and leveraging first-party data for better marketing efficacy. Key takeaways include holistic SEO and SEM approaches, monitoring shifting user intents, and the need for continuous performance evaluation.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
油
The document outlines five public speaking tips from Chris Anderson, TED Talks curator, emphasizing the importance of eye contact, vulnerability, humor, humility, and storytelling. These skills are presented as essential for engaging audiences effectively and are increasingly valuable in today's economy. The article posits that mastering these techniques can enhance speakers' ability to communicate ideas powerfully.
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
油
The document provides an overview of generative AI, particularly focusing on ChatGPT and its implications for business and the job market. It discusses the rapid growth of generative AI, its applications in marketing, and the skills needed for the AI era while addressing potential job displacement and the need for adaptation. The agenda includes a Q&A session and emphasizes rethinking work in collaboration with AI technology.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the authors consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCamp
油
The document discusses leveraging AI to enhance employee wellness through data analytics, automating tasks, and personalized wellness apps, emphasizing the shared responsibility of employee well-being between leaders and organizations. It outlines best practices for using AI in wellness strategies, including ensuring data privacy and security, understanding employee needs, and promoting inclusivity. Lydia Di Francesco, a wellness specialist, shares insights to optimize workplace wellness strategy using AI-driven data analytics and encourages collaboration and transparency.
2024 State of Marketing Report by HubspotMarius Sescu
油
The State of Marketing 2024 report highlights the transformative impact of AI and automation, emphasizing the importance of personalization and engagement to drive growth in a competitive landscape. Marketers are focusing on optimizing budgets, leveraging social media for brand awareness, and utilizing AI tools to enhance efficiency across tasks. Key trends for 2024 include the rise of experiential marketing, content creation that meets user needs, and strengthened connections through personalized customer experiences.
ChatGPT is an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI, built on advanced language models to facilitate human-like conversational interactions. Launched in November 2022, it utilizes a transformer architecture to understand and generate text, with applications ranging from content creation to customer service. Despite its capabilities, there are concerns about potential misuse and biases in its responses, which OpenAI aims to mitigate through moderation and user feedback.
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
油
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
油
The November 2023 mental health report indicates that 70% of respondents rate their mental health as 'good' or 'excellent,' with higher diagnoses reported among African Americans and non-Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics and Asians. Younger generations, particularly Gen Z and millennials, are more likely to experience mental health challenges, seek information online, and report that their mental health impacts their work and relationships. Half of the respondents feel comfortable discussing their mental health with professionals, although Gen Z shows the least comfort in this area.
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
油
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
油
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
油
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
油
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
The 2024 social media marketing trends report highlights significant shifts influenced by generative AI, including the emergence of personalized content, the rise of virtual influencers, and a stronger focus on user-generated content. Insights were gathered from 33 experts across 23 leading independent agencies, providing a perspective that emphasizes creativity and authenticity in marketing strategies. Key trends also include the blending of B2B and B2C approaches, reflecting changes in consumer behavior and the evolving landscape of social media engagement.
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
油
The document discusses trends in paid search for 2024, highlighting changes in user behavior, the implications for financial services, and privacy challenges. It emphasizes the importance of adapting search strategies, utilizing AI-driven tools like performance max and smart bidding, and leveraging first-party data for better marketing efficacy. Key takeaways include holistic SEO and SEM approaches, monitoring shifting user intents, and the need for continuous performance evaluation.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
油
The document outlines five public speaking tips from Chris Anderson, TED Talks curator, emphasizing the importance of eye contact, vulnerability, humor, humility, and storytelling. These skills are presented as essential for engaging audiences effectively and are increasingly valuable in today's economy. The article posits that mastering these techniques can enhance speakers' ability to communicate ideas powerfully.
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
油
The document provides an overview of generative AI, particularly focusing on ChatGPT and its implications for business and the job market. It discusses the rapid growth of generative AI, its applications in marketing, and the skills needed for the AI era while addressing potential job displacement and the need for adaptation. The agenda includes a Q&A session and emphasizes rethinking work in collaboration with AI technology.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
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油
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
The document provides essential tips on how to handle difficult conversations in a workplace setting, emphasizing the importance of preparation, environment, and timing. It highlights that many employees dread such conversations, often leading to avoidance and worsening situations. Ultimately, the guide aims to promote positive outcomes while maintaining professional relationships.
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2. 1.1 ORGANISASI TISU
TUMBUHAN
Standard Pembelajaran.
Murid boleh:
1
.
1 Berkomunikasi tentang jenis tisu tumbuhan dan fungsi
utamanya.
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
3. APA YANG DIPELAJARI
HARI INI?
1 2
3 4
TISU KEKAL
Maksud tisu kekal
Jenis tisu kekal
ORGANISASI
TISU
Jenis tisu tumbuhan
TISU
VASKULAR
Jenis tisu vaskular
Fungsi
TISU ASAS
Jenis tisu asas
Fungsi
7. Tisu
epidermis
1 Struktur:
1. Lapisan luar permukaan patang,
daun dan akar tumbuhan muda.
2. Dinding sel epidermis diliputi
dengan lapisan berlilin dan kalis air
yang dikenali sebagai kutikel.
3. Kutikel mengurangkan kehilangan
air melalui proses penyejatan ketika
transpirasi, melindungi daun dari
kecederaan mekanikal dan
menghalang serangan patogen.
4. Sel epidermis terubah suai : Sel
pengawal dan sel rambut
akar
Fungsi : melapisi
permukaan
luar daun, batang
dan akar muda
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
9. Tisu Vaskular
(Xilem)
1 Struktur:
1. Terdiri dari sel mati yang tidak
mengandungi sitoplasma
2. Mempunyai dinding sel yang
diselaputi dengan lignin.
3. Terdiri daripada salur xilem yang
memanjang, berongga dan
bersambungan antara satu
sama lain dari akar ke daun.
Fungsi : mengangkut air dan garam
mineral dari akar ke semua bahagian
tumbuhan.
Memberi sokongan mekanikal
bagi tumbuhan herba.
12. Tisu Vaskular
(Floem)
2 Struktur:
1. Terdiri dari sel rakan dan sel tapis.
2. Terbentuk dari sel hidup iaitu tiub
tapis yang mempunyai sitoplasma.
3. Tiub tapis tidak mempunyai nukleus
dan ribosom kerana mengalami
kemerosotan apabila matang.
4. Tiub tapis tersusun hujung ke hujung
floem untuk membentuk tiub yang
memanjang dan bersambungan.
Fungsi : mengangkut gula yang terhasil
dari fotosintesis dari daun ke organ
penyimpanan seperti akar, buah dan
umbisi.
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
16. Tisu asas
(Parenkima)
1 Struktur:
1. Sel hidup yang paling ringkas dan
belum mengalami pembezaan.
2. Mempunyai dinding sel yang nipis.
3. Segah supaya dapat memberikan
sokongan dan mengekalkan bentuk
tumbuhan herba.
4. Terlibat dalam fotosintesis dan
proses pertukaran gas.
Fungsi : menyimpan kanji dan gula,
membaik pulih dan menjana semula
tisu. Terlibat dalam proses fotosintesis
dan Pengangkutan sistem vaskular
17. Tisu asas
(Kolenkima)
2 Struktur:
1. Sel hidup yang paling dan apabila
matang menjadi sel fleksibel
2. Mempunyai dinding sel yang lebih
tebal berbanding parenkima.
3. Dinding sel diperbuat dari pektin
dan hemiselulosa.
Fungsi : memberi sokongan mekanikal
dan
Sifat keanjalan kepada tumbuhan.
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
18. Tisu asas
(Skelerenkima)
3 Struktur:
1. Terdiri dari sel yang mati apabila
matang.
2. Mempunyai dinding sel yang
paling
tebal antara semua tisu asas.
Fungsi : memberi sokongan mekanikal dan
Kekuatan mekanikal kepada bahagian tumbuhan yang
matang.
Membantu dalam pengangkutan air dan nutrien dalam
tumbuhan
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
19. ST
ANDARD KANDUNGAN: 1.2 TISU MERISTEM DAN
PERTUMBUHAN
Standard Pembelajaran
Murid boleh:
1. Mengenal pasti jenis dan bahagian tisu
yang terlibat dalam pertumbuhan
dengan betul
2. Menghuraikan 3 kedudukan zon iaitu zon
pembahagian sel, zon pemanjangan sel
dan zon pembezaan sel dalam radikel
anak benih.
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
20. Tisu yang terlibat di
dalam pertumbuhan
tumbuhan ialah
tisu meristem.
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
26. Zon
Pemanjangan
sel
Pertambahan
saiz berlaku
melalui
resapan air
secara
osmosis ke
dalam sel dan
disimpan di
dalam vakuol
Kemasukan air
mengenakan
tekanan
terhadap
dinding sel lalu
menolak,
memanjang dan
melebarkan sel
Pemvakuolan
berlaku.
Vakuol-vakuol
kecil bargabung
membentuk
vakuol yang
lebih besar.
Terdiri
daripada sel
yang
mengalami
pertambahan
saiz
27. Zon
Pembezaan
sel
Terdiri
daripada sel
yang
membeza.
Pembezaan
berlaku apabila
sel mencapai
saiz maksimum.
Sel
membentuk
tisu kekal
seperti
epidermis,
korteks, xilem
dan floem.
Contoh: Sel
epidermis
daun
membeza
membentuk
sel pengawal.
Sel epidermis
akar membeza
membentuk sel
rambut akar.
Sel berubah
bentuk menjadi
sel yang
khusus dan
mempunyai
fungsi spesifik.
29. Occurs after
germination and it
takes place in all plants
to elongate their stems
and roots.
Leaf primordia and
shoot primordia will
grow to form new
leaves and shoots.
This enable the plants
to increase in height.
Primary
Growth
Takes place in
the apical
meristems at
the shoot tips
and root tips
actively
dividing
The root cap will become
exhausted when they
penetrate the soil.
This causes the cells of the
root cap to be replaced by
meristem cells.
Occurs after
germination
30. Non-woody plant
such as herbaceous
plants, secondary
growth does not
happen.
Occurs mainly
in eudicots and
a small number
of monocots
Function : to
increase the
circumference or
diameter of plant
stem and root.
Secondary
Growth
Secondary growth
results from the division of
lateral meristem cells in
the stem and root.
Lateral meristems
consist of vascular
cambium dan cork
cambium
37. The necessity of primary growth
Primary xylem provides support to
herbaceous or young plants
Allows maximum elongation of
plants to absorb sunlight for
photosynthesis
Primary xylem can transport water and
minerals salts from the soil via the roots to
the leaves.
Primary phloem can transport the
prosucts of photosynthesis from
the leaves to other parts of the
plants
1
2
3
4
38. The necessity of secondary growth
Produced stronger and thicker bark to provide
protection to the plants from excessive water
loss, physical injuries and pathogen infections.
Provides stability to plants by increasing the
stem and root diameters to suit the height of
plants.
Produces more xylem and phloem tissues
continuously to replace old and damaged xylem and
phloem tissues.
Provides mechanical support to plants.
1
2
3
4
47. ST
ANDARD KANDUNGAN: 1.3 LENGKUNG
PERTUMBUHAN
Standard Pembelajaran
Murid boleh:
1. Memerihalkan 3 jenis tumbuhan berdasarkan kitar
hidup.
2. Mencerakinkan lengkung pertumbuhan:
(i) tumbuhan semusim.
(ii) tumbuhan dwimusim
(iii) tumbuhan saka.
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
48. Types of Plants
based on life
cycles
Biennial
Plants
Annual
Plants
Perennial
Plants
1.3 Growth Curves
49. Dry
mass
(g)
Time (week)
A B C D
The growth curve of
annual plants
Sigmoid curve
A
Decreasing dry mass.
Food stored in the cotyledon
is used for germination before
the leaves emerge to carry out
photosynthesis.
B
Increasing dry mass.
Plant has carried out
photosynthesis. The rate of
growth increase rapidly
D
Decreasing dry mass. Happen
slowly because of aging, lower
rate of photosynthesis,
shedding of leaves and flowers
and seed dispersal.
C
Constant dry mass.
The rate of growth is zero.
Plant is matured at this stage.
50. Dry
mass
(g)
Two sigmoid
curves
Second growth season :
The food stored is used to
produce flowers and seeds.
First growth season:
Plants produce leaves,
photosynthesis takes place.
Food is stored in tubers.
Ti
me
The growth curve of
biennial plants
51. A series of small
sigmoid curves
Height
(m)
Rate of growth decrease in winter
Rate of growth is high during spring
and summer. High rate of
photosynthesis.
Growth occurs throughout
the lifespan
Every year
The growth curve is
a sigmoid
The growth curve of
perennial plants
53. Bermula dari
percambahan diakhiri
dengan berbunga
atau penghasilan biji
benih
Biasanya mati selepas
melengkapi kitar
biologinya
Contoh: Pokok padi,
pokok labu dan
pokok tembikai
Tumbuhan yang mempunyai
satu kitar hidup untuk
semusim atau setahun.
T
u
m
b
u
H
A
n
s
e
m
u
s
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Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
54. Tumbuhan
Dwimusim
Ketika musim
panas dan
musim bunga,
pertumbuhan
kedua
berlaku.
Ketika musim
sejuk,
pertumbuhan
berhenti.
Pertumbuhan
tampang:
akar, daun
dan batang
Musim
kedua:
Pembiakan
Kitar
hidup dua
tahun/
dua musim
Berbunga,
hasilkan
buah dan
biji benih
dan
mati.
Contoh:
Kubis, lobak
merah,
pokok bunga
balung
ayam
Youtube: Cikgu Norafiza Razilah
