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Jan Pillay

The B叩b, born in 1819 in Shiraz, Iran, proclaimed a new revelation from God in 1844. He gained many followers but also faced opposition from Muslim clergy. After traveling and preaching, he was imprisoned for several years. In 1850, he was brought to Tabriz and, in front of a large crowd, was executed by firing squad but initially survived. He was then killed by a second squad. His remains were hidden and transported until being interred in 1909 on Mount Carmel in present-day Israel.

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A Brief History on the Life of the Bb The Life and Travels of the Bb in a Historical Perspective
Early Life Siyyid `Al鱈 Mu畍ammad Sh鱈r叩z鱈 was born on October 20th 1819 in Shiraz, Persia.
Raised by his maternal uncle, H叩j鱈 M鱈rz叩 Siyyid `Al鱈. Joined the family business in Bushehr. Did not enjoy the family business and instead applied himself to the study of religious literature. Married Khad鱈jih-Bagum in 1842. Had one child but he died. Never had any other children They stayed in Shiraz with his mother.
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Around 183940 the B叩b went on pilgrimage to Iraq. Stayed mostly in Karbala.
Declaration to Mull叩 Husayn Mull叩 Husayn travelled to Shiraz. Met the Bb. On May 22, 1844 the Bb declared to Mull叩 Husayn that he was Siyyid K叩zim's successor and the bearer of divine knowledge. The Bb wrote the Surah of Joseph, which has come to be known as the Qayy炭mu'l-Asm叩. His first revealed work. Mull叩 Husayn accepted the B叩b's claims as the gateway to Truth and as the initiator of a new prophetic cycle.
Letters of the Living Within five months, seventeen other disciples of Siyyid K叩畉im had independently recognized the B叩b as a Manifestation of God. A woman, F叩timih Zarr鱈n T叩j Baragh叩ni, a poetess, who later received the name of T叩hirih (the Pure). These Letters of the Living were given the task of spreading the new faith across Iran and Iraq. They were given the metaphorical identity of as the Fourteen Infallibles in Sh鱈'鱈 Islam (Muhammad, the Twelve Imams, and Fatimah and the four archangels).
Travels The B叩b and the 18th Letter of the Living, Mull叩 ammad Al鱈-i-B叩rfur炭shi (Qudd炭s), left on a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. The B叩b wrote to the Sharif of Mecca, Custodian of the Kaaba, proclaiming his mission. The B叩b and Qudd炭s returned to Bushehr. Preaching by the Letters of the Living led to opposition by the Islamic clergy. Governor of Shiraz ordered the B叩b's arrest. Went to Shiraz in June 1845 and presented himself to the authorities
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Placed under house arrest at the home of his uncle until a cholera epidemic broke out in the city in September 1846. Released and departed for Isfahan.
After an informal gathering where the B叩b debated the local clergy and displayed his speed in producing instantaneous verses, his popularity soared. After the death of the Governor of Isfahan, who had become his supporter, pressure from the clergy of the province led to the Shah, Mohammad Shah Qajar, ordering the B叩b to Tehran in January 1847. After spending several months in a camp outside Tehran, and before the B叩b could meet the Shah, the Prime Minister sent the B叩b to Tabriz, where he was confined.
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After 40 days, the B叩b April 1848. was sent to the fortress There also, the B叩b's of M叩h-K炭. popularity grew and his The B叩b began his most jailors relaxed important work, the restrictions on him. Persian Bay叩n, which he never finished. Because of the B叩b's growing popularity and the governor of M叩h-K炭 converting, the prime minister sent him to the fortress of Chihr鱈q in
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The PM ordered the B叩b back to Tabriz where the government called on religious authorities to put the B叩b on trial for blasphemy and apostasy.
Trial The trial did not bring a decisive result. The Shaykh al-Islam (a very prominent local cleric), the champion of the anti-B叩b鱈 campaign, issued a conditional death sentence if the B叩b was found to be sane. A fatwa was issued establishing the B叩b's apostasy and stated, "The repentance of an incorrigible apostate is not accepted, and the only thing which has caused the postponement of thy execution is a doubt as to thy sanity of mind. The B叩b was ordered back to the fortress of Chihr鱈q.
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Execution In mid 1850 a new prime-minister, Amir Kabir, ordered the execution of the B叩b. The B叩b was brought back to Tabr鱈z from Chihr鱈q, so that he could be shot by a firing squad.
The night before his execution, as he was being led to his cell, Mu畍ammad-`Al鱈y-i-Zun炭z鱈 (An鱈s), threw himself at the feet of the B叩b and begged to be killed with him. He was immediately arrested and placed in the same cell as the B叩b. On the morning of July 9, 1850, the B叩b was taken to the courtyard, where thousands of people had gathered to watch his execution. The B叩b and An鱈s were suspended on a wall and a large firing squad of Christian soldiers prepared to shoot.
Numerous eye-witness reports, including those of Western diplomats, recount the result. The order was given to fire and the barracks square filled with musket smoke. When it cleared the B叩b was no longer in the courtyard and Anis stood there unharmed; the bullets apparently had cut the rope suspending them from the wall. There was a great commotion, many in the crowd believing the B叩b had ascended to heaven. The B叩b was found in another part of the barracks, giving his final instructions to his secretary.
A 2nd firing squad of Muslim soldiers was ranged in front of them, and a 2nd order to fire was given. This time, the B叩b and his companion were killed. Their remains were dumped outside the gates of the town to be eaten by animals.
The remains were taken by some B叩bis and were hidden. Over time the remains were secretly transported by way of Isfahan, Kirmanshah, Baghdad and Damascus, to Beirut and thence by sea to Acre on the plain below Mount Carmel in 1899. On March 21, 1909, the remains were then interred in a special tomb, erected for this purpose by `Abdu'l-Bah叩, on Mount Carmel.
Route of the Bbs Remains

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Bab

  • 1. A Brief History on the Life of the Bb The Life and Travels of the Bb in a Historical Perspective
  • 2. Early Life Siyyid `Al鱈 Mu畍ammad Sh鱈r叩z鱈 was born on October 20th 1819 in Shiraz, Persia.
  • 3. Raised by his maternal uncle, H叩j鱈 M鱈rz叩 Siyyid `Al鱈. Joined the family business in Bushehr. Did not enjoy the family business and instead applied himself to the study of religious literature. Married Khad鱈jih-Bagum in 1842. Had one child but he died. Never had any other children They stayed in Shiraz with his mother.
  • 5. Around 183940 the B叩b went on pilgrimage to Iraq. Stayed mostly in Karbala.
  • 6. Declaration to Mull叩 Husayn Mull叩 Husayn travelled to Shiraz. Met the Bb. On May 22, 1844 the Bb declared to Mull叩 Husayn that he was Siyyid K叩zim's successor and the bearer of divine knowledge. The Bb wrote the Surah of Joseph, which has come to be known as the Qayy炭mu'l-Asm叩. His first revealed work. Mull叩 Husayn accepted the B叩b's claims as the gateway to Truth and as the initiator of a new prophetic cycle.
  • 7. Letters of the Living Within five months, seventeen other disciples of Siyyid K叩畉im had independently recognized the B叩b as a Manifestation of God. A woman, F叩timih Zarr鱈n T叩j Baragh叩ni, a poetess, who later received the name of T叩hirih (the Pure). These Letters of the Living were given the task of spreading the new faith across Iran and Iraq. They were given the metaphorical identity of as the Fourteen Infallibles in Sh鱈'鱈 Islam (Muhammad, the Twelve Imams, and Fatimah and the four archangels).
  • 8. Travels The B叩b and the 18th Letter of the Living, Mull叩 ammad Al鱈-i-B叩rfur炭shi (Qudd炭s), left on a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. The B叩b wrote to the Sharif of Mecca, Custodian of the Kaaba, proclaiming his mission. The B叩b and Qudd炭s returned to Bushehr. Preaching by the Letters of the Living led to opposition by the Islamic clergy. Governor of Shiraz ordered the B叩b's arrest. Went to Shiraz in June 1845 and presented himself to the authorities
  • 10. Placed under house arrest at the home of his uncle until a cholera epidemic broke out in the city in September 1846. Released and departed for Isfahan.
  • 11. After an informal gathering where the B叩b debated the local clergy and displayed his speed in producing instantaneous verses, his popularity soared. After the death of the Governor of Isfahan, who had become his supporter, pressure from the clergy of the province led to the Shah, Mohammad Shah Qajar, ordering the B叩b to Tehran in January 1847. After spending several months in a camp outside Tehran, and before the B叩b could meet the Shah, the Prime Minister sent the B叩b to Tabriz, where he was confined.
  • 13. After 40 days, the B叩b April 1848. was sent to the fortress There also, the B叩b's of M叩h-K炭. popularity grew and his The B叩b began his most jailors relaxed important work, the restrictions on him. Persian Bay叩n, which he never finished. Because of the B叩b's growing popularity and the governor of M叩h-K炭 converting, the prime minister sent him to the fortress of Chihr鱈q in
  • 16. The PM ordered the B叩b back to Tabriz where the government called on religious authorities to put the B叩b on trial for blasphemy and apostasy.
  • 17. Trial The trial did not bring a decisive result. The Shaykh al-Islam (a very prominent local cleric), the champion of the anti-B叩b鱈 campaign, issued a conditional death sentence if the B叩b was found to be sane. A fatwa was issued establishing the B叩b's apostasy and stated, "The repentance of an incorrigible apostate is not accepted, and the only thing which has caused the postponement of thy execution is a doubt as to thy sanity of mind. The B叩b was ordered back to the fortress of Chihr鱈q.
  • 19. Execution In mid 1850 a new prime-minister, Amir Kabir, ordered the execution of the B叩b. The B叩b was brought back to Tabr鱈z from Chihr鱈q, so that he could be shot by a firing squad.
  • 20. The night before his execution, as he was being led to his cell, Mu畍ammad-`Al鱈y-i-Zun炭z鱈 (An鱈s), threw himself at the feet of the B叩b and begged to be killed with him. He was immediately arrested and placed in the same cell as the B叩b. On the morning of July 9, 1850, the B叩b was taken to the courtyard, where thousands of people had gathered to watch his execution. The B叩b and An鱈s were suspended on a wall and a large firing squad of Christian soldiers prepared to shoot.
  • 21. Numerous eye-witness reports, including those of Western diplomats, recount the result. The order was given to fire and the barracks square filled with musket smoke. When it cleared the B叩b was no longer in the courtyard and Anis stood there unharmed; the bullets apparently had cut the rope suspending them from the wall. There was a great commotion, many in the crowd believing the B叩b had ascended to heaven. The B叩b was found in another part of the barracks, giving his final instructions to his secretary.
  • 22. A 2nd firing squad of Muslim soldiers was ranged in front of them, and a 2nd order to fire was given. This time, the B叩b and his companion were killed. Their remains were dumped outside the gates of the town to be eaten by animals.
  • 23. The remains were taken by some B叩bis and were hidden. Over time the remains were secretly transported by way of Isfahan, Kirmanshah, Baghdad and Damascus, to Beirut and thence by sea to Acre on the plain below Mount Carmel in 1899. On March 21, 1909, the remains were then interred in a special tomb, erected for this purpose by `Abdu'l-Bah叩, on Mount Carmel.
  • 24. Route of the Bbs Remains