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Editor's Notes

• #15: Managing Ethical Behavior Begins with top management which establishes the organization’s culture and defines what will and will not be acceptable behavior. Includes training on how to handle different ethical dilemmas. Developing a code of ethics. A written statement of the values and ethical standards that guide the firm’s actions.
• #21: Polusi Perubahan Iklim Menipisnya Ozon Isu Global yang Lain Cadangan air bersih Keamanan makanan Kelangkaan bahan pangan Kenaikan jumlah penduduk Penelitian ilmiah non lingkungan Teknologi hijau
• #22: Trend in the international environment Economic Recovery Industrialized nations in Europe and Asia have rebuilt their economic systems Decreasing Isolation from Foreign Competition U.S. consumer goods markets are open to overseas competitors. Increasing Globalization of World Markets Volume of international trade has increased more than 3,000% from 1960 to 2000.
• #23: Exporting Make products in the domestic market and sell in another country. Importing Bring a good, service, or capital into a home country from abroad. Licensing A foreign company manufactures or markets your products, or uses your brand name or technology in exchange for a sales royalty. Strategic Alliance and Joint Ventures Two or more firms jointly cooperate for mutual gain, by sharing business costs and/or sharing ownership of a new enterprise. Direct Investment When a firm headquartered in one country builds or purchases operating facilities or subsidiaries in a foreign country. Maquiladoras -- light-assembly plants built in northern Mexico close to the U.S. border -- given special tax breaks by the Mexican government.
• #26: Economic Communities Sets of countries that engage in high levels of trade with each other through the elimination of trade barriers such as quotas and tariffs. European Union (EU) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Latin American Integration Association Caribbean Common Market
• #27: Language In Japanese the word “hai” can mean either “yes” or “I understand.” General Motors’ brand name “Nova” pronounced as “no va” in Spanish means “doesn’t go.” The Meaning of Colors Green is popular in Muslim countries, yet it signifies death in other countries. Pink is associated with feminine characteristics in the U.S.; yellow is the most feminine color in other countries.
• #28: Organization Culture The collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that characterize a community of people. The Importance of Organization Culture Culture determines the overall “feel” of the organization, although it may vary across different segments of the organization. Culture is a powerful force that can shape the firm’s overall effectiveness and long-term success. Determinants of Organization Culture Organization’s founder (personal values and beliefs). Symbols, stories, heroes, slogans, and ceremonies that embody and personify the spirit of the organization. Corporate successes that strengthen the culture. Shared experiences that bond organizational members together.