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Back to the Moment Extended

R
Roenbaeck

The document describes the Anchor Modeling technique, which allows for temporal modeling of information. Some key points: 1) Anchor Modeling structures information using anchors to represent identities, knots for value domains, attributes for property values, and ties for relationships between entities. This allows modeling of information temporally. 2) The technique models information based on what is known, rather than guessing, and allows information to evolve over time as more becomes known. 3) It facilitates "time travel" to view information as it was known at different points in time in the past or may be in the future. This includes considering different perspectives or future scenarios.

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change up to ?www.uptochange.com and www.anchormodeling.com 息 Copyleft 2013 What if you could travel through time and become someone else? Lars R旦nnb辰ck co-author of Anchor Modeling, an award winning agile modeling technique for evolving data environments @anchormodeling extended version
change up to ? What is it all about? or how to understand the temporal nature of information Anchoranytime to the time of any TM
change up to ? It is about liberty The Anchor Modeling technique is free to use for anyone in any way you like. All material we publish or present is made available through Creative Commons or Copyleft licenses. Our modeling tool is Open Source and available in the cloud as well as a stand alone package for local installations.
change up to ? It is about things Things are that which the domain can recognize and determine if it is something new or something already known. It may be the case that Leonardo and Da Vinci are the same thing, or it may not. Only the domain knows.
change up to ? It is about identities Every thing is given a unique identity, through which it is possible to determine equality. If Leonardo and Da Vinci are referring to the same thing, then Leonardo and Da Vinci share the same identity.
change up to ? It is about what is said of things Temporal posits are identifiable statements that take the forms: tuple of ids , tuple of roles ,v,t where the identities represent things identifiable by the domain and the roles are those through which the value v appears at time t. Static posits, in which the value remains the same for all time, have no time part.
change up to ? Example posits Leonardos hair color turned gray in 1501. #9 , hairColor , gray, 1501 Leonardo was born in 1452. #9 , born , 1452
change up to ? ... and their relationships Leonardo is married to Beatrice since 1482. #9, #7 , husband, wife , married, 1482 Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489. #9, #7 , husband, wife , divorced, 1489
change up to ? It is about classification Every posit has a corresponding type, which create groupings of things that through their properties have some kind of similarity. If Leonardo and Beatrice are persons, they may belong to a Person ensemble, defined by that which is born, may have different hair colors over time and can be married.
change up to ? It is about modeling Modeling is the act of finding relevant types. An ensemble is a set of posit types. For example the Person ensemble: { 了1 , born , va , 了1 , hairColor , vb, tb , 了1, 了2 , husband, wife , vc, tc } 0
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change up to ? It is about evolution Before 1998 the Person ensemble did not have a property called hair color, but it was added after that, and marital status was introduced in 2005. A model is non- destructively extended in order to cope with structural changes, such as new ensembles, new properties, or new relationships. -N
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change up to ? Is it about certainty There is no guesswork in Anchor Modeling, you only model what you know. Whatever happens in the future will be taken care of in the future. Revisiting your model should be encouraged and inspiring, not discouraged and disconcerting.
change up to ? It is about who said what when If q is a posit, then both the positors A and B may have stated that q is a fact, such that: A asserted q in 1999 B also asserted q, but in 2003 The recording of such information is done in an annex to the posit.
change up to ? It is about concurrency Even if A and B disagree, say on a value for a property, such that: A asserted Leonardos hair was brown. B asserted Leonardos hair was blonde. both views can be recorded, resulting in a concurrent-temporal implementation.
change up to ? It is about reliability If both A and B asserted q, they may have done so with different degrees of reliability: Text A (1999): B (2003): I think Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489. I am absolutely certain that Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489.
change up to ? It is about corrections Even if B was so sure about q, there is no guarantee that B is correct, and perhaps later it is learnt that: B (2005): I was wrong, Leonardo never divorced Beatrice. As a consequence, the posit made by B in 2003 must be considered unreliable.
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Back to the Moment Extended

  • 1. change up to ?www.uptochange.com and www.anchormodeling.com 息 Copyleft 2013 What if you could travel through time and become someone else? Lars R旦nnb辰ck co-author of Anchor Modeling, an award winning agile modeling technique for evolving data environments @anchormodeling extended version
  • 2. change up to ? What is it all about? or how to understand the temporal nature of information Anchoranytime to the time of any TM
  • 3. change up to ? It is about liberty The Anchor Modeling technique is free to use for anyone in any way you like. All material we publish or present is made available through Creative Commons or Copyleft licenses. Our modeling tool is Open Source and available in the cloud as well as a stand alone package for local installations.
  • 4. change up to ? It is about things Things are that which the domain can recognize and determine if it is something new or something already known. It may be the case that Leonardo and Da Vinci are the same thing, or it may not. Only the domain knows.
  • 5. change up to ? It is about identities Every thing is given a unique identity, through which it is possible to determine equality. If Leonardo and Da Vinci are referring to the same thing, then Leonardo and Da Vinci share the same identity.
  • 6. change up to ? It is about what is said of things Temporal posits are identifiable statements that take the forms: tuple of ids , tuple of roles ,v,t where the identities represent things identifiable by the domain and the roles are those through which the value v appears at time t. Static posits, in which the value remains the same for all time, have no time part.
  • 7. change up to ? Example posits Leonardos hair color turned gray in 1501. #9 , hairColor , gray, 1501 Leonardo was born in 1452. #9 , born , 1452
  • 8. change up to ? ... and their relationships Leonardo is married to Beatrice since 1482. #9, #7 , husband, wife , married, 1482 Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489. #9, #7 , husband, wife , divorced, 1489
  • 9. change up to ? It is about classification Every posit has a corresponding type, which create groupings of things that through their properties have some kind of similarity. If Leonardo and Beatrice are persons, they may belong to a Person ensemble, defined by that which is born, may have different hair colors over time and can be married.
  • 10. change up to ? It is about modeling Modeling is the act of finding relevant types. An ensemble is a set of posit types. For example the Person ensemble: { 了1 , born , va , 了1 , hairColor , vb, tb , 了1, 了2 , husband, wife , vc, tc } 0
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  • 26. change up to ? It is about evolution Before 1998 the Person ensemble did not have a property called hair color, but it was added after that, and marital status was introduced in 2005. A model is non- destructively extended in order to cope with structural changes, such as new ensembles, new properties, or new relationships. -N
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  • 41. change up to ? Is it about certainty There is no guesswork in Anchor Modeling, you only model what you know. Whatever happens in the future will be taken care of in the future. Revisiting your model should be encouraged and inspiring, not discouraged and disconcerting.
  • 42. change up to ? It is about who said what when If q is a posit, then both the positors A and B may have stated that q is a fact, such that: A asserted q in 1999 B also asserted q, but in 2003 The recording of such information is done in an annex to the posit.
  • 43. change up to ? It is about concurrency Even if A and B disagree, say on a value for a property, such that: A asserted Leonardos hair was brown. B asserted Leonardos hair was blonde. both views can be recorded, resulting in a concurrent-temporal implementation.
  • 44. change up to ? It is about reliability If both A and B asserted q, they may have done so with different degrees of reliability: Text A (1999): B (2003): I think Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489. I am absolutely certain that Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489.
  • 45. change up to ? It is about corrections Even if B was so sure about q, there is no guarantee that B is correct, and perhaps later it is learnt that: B (2005): I was wrong, Leonardo never divorced Beatrice. As a consequence, the posit made by B in 2003 must be considered unreliable.
  • 46. 油
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  • 56. change up to ? It is about metadata If B uttered q in 2003, this information may have been recorded elsewhere in 2012 by job number 555 extracting data from system 9. This information becomes metadata in the model. There are now three points in time: when something changed, was posited, or recorded.
  • 57. change up to ? It is about completeness All in all, that means that in 2012, job number 555 using system 9 recorded that: In 2003 B asserted I am absolutely certain that Leonardo divorced Beatrice in 1489. We also know that marital status was introduced as a property of the Person ensemble in 2005.
  • 58. change up to ? It is about time traveling Questions can be given the answers they would have been given at any point in time and by anyone making posits, both with respect to which value was or will be in effect at the time and to what the chosen positor knew at the time. Furthermore, it is possible to determine if the question was possible to answer at the time or not, due to the structural evolution of the model or when data was recorded.
  • 59. change up to ? It is about seizing the past and the future In Anchor Modeling, you can see the future based on what the future will be like and see the past as the past was really like. You can even see the past through what you know today or an alternative future as it would be under different circumstances.
  • 60. change up to ? So how do you do it? or how to become a vicarious temporal navigator Anchoranytime to the time of any TM
  • 61. change up to ? Do it elementary Information has no temporality in itself, but information can be temporally modeled: Mona Lisa was painted in 1503 and has been hanging in the Louvre since 1797. Research done in 2012 has shown that Mona Lisa was in fact painted somewhat later, in 1506. During the Second World War, 19391945, the painting was moved to safety in the Ingres Museum. All this was stored in a database today.
  • 62. change up to ? Do it structurally Mona Lisa #4711 #42 1503 Louvre #43 Ingres has the name painted has the name has the name painting museum museum hanging since 1797 hanging since 1939 hanging since 1945 1506 corrected in 2012 today
  • 63. change up to ? Do it identifiably Mona Lisa #4711 #42 1503 Louvre #43 Ingres has the name painted has the name has the name painting museum museum hanging since 1797 hanging since 1939 hanging since 1945 1506 corrected in 2012 (value) (identity) (identity) (value) (value) (value) today
  • 64. change up to ? Do it temporally Mona Lisa #4711 #42 1503 Louvre #43 Ingres has the name painted has the name has the name painting museum museum hanging since 1797 hanging since 1939 hanging since 1945 1506 corrected in 2012 (happening time) (positing time) (changing time) (recording time) today
  • 65. change up to ? Do it modeled Mona Lisa #4711 #42 1503 Louvre #43 Ingres has the name painted has the name has the name painting museum museum hanging since 1797 hanging since 1939 hanging since 1945 1506 corrected in 2012 (attribute) (anchor) (anchor) (attribute) (tie) (attribute) today (metadata)
  • 66. change up to ? Do it conceptually Anchors store identities of entities Knots store value domains Attributes store values of properties (with optional history over changing time) Ties store relationships between entities (with optional history over changing time)
  • 67. change up to ? Do it graphically m 1 PA_Painting MU_Museum PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_PDA_Painting_PaintedDate MU_NAM_Museum_Name PA_hanging_MU_at Anchor Modeling also provides a naming convention with semantic encoding
  • 68. change up to ? Do it relationally MU_Museum MU_ID (PK) MU_NAM_Museum_Name MU_ID (PK, FK) MU_NAM_Museum_Name PA_hanging_MU_at PA_ID_hanging (PK, FK) MU_ID_at (FK) PA_hanging_MU_at_ChangedAt (PK) PA_Painting PA_ID (PK) PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_ID (PK, FK) PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_PDA_Painting_PaintedDate PA_ID (PK, FK) PA_PDA_Painting_PaintedDate The tables in the database will be in sixth normal form. There is a one-to-one correspondence between graphical symbols and tables in the database. A
  • 69. 油
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  • 74. change up to ? Do it evolutionary 1 m m 1 PA_Painting MU_Museum PR_Painter PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_PDA_Painting_PaintedDate MU_NAM_Museum_NamePR_NAM_Painter_Name PA_hanging_MU_at PA_is_PR_paintedBy All changes are implemented as extensions to the existing model.
  • 75. change up to ? Do it non-destructively F
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  • 84. 油 F L FL F GM D MU_Museum MU_ID (PK) MU_NAM_Museum_Name MU_ID (PK, FK) MU_NAM_Museum_Name PA_hanging_MU_at PA_ID_hanging (PK, FK) MU_ID_at (FK) PA_hanging_MU_at_ChangedAt (PK) PA_Painting PA_ID (PK) PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_ID (PK, FK) PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_PDA_Painting_PaintedDate PA_ID (PK, FK) PA_PDA_Painting_PaintedDate PA_is_PR_paintedBy PA_ID_is (PK, FK) PR_ID_paintedBy (FK) PR_Painter PR_ID (PK) PR_NAM_Painter_Name PR_ID (PK, FK) PR_NAM_Painter_Name Extensions to the model result only in new tables in the database.
  • 85. change up to ? Do it auditable A
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  • 92. 油E L L Metadata is contained in its own anchor model.
  • 93. change up to ? Do it concurrently A
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  • 100. 油E L L Every posit has its own identity and the annex holds data about the positor. Anchors and knots are immutable. the annexing modeling pattern
  • 101. change up to ? Do it assembled
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  • 117. 油L E Constraints on assembled views ensures temporal entity integrity. ensuring temporal integrity
  • 118. change up to ? Do it with perspective A
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  • 126. 油EG D llPA_Painting PA_ID PA_NAM_Painting_Name PA_PDA_Painting_PaintDate llMU_Museum MU_ID MU_NAM_Museum_Name llPA_hanging_MU_at PA_ID_hanging MU_ID_at Most end users are familiar with 3NF and need not see the underlying 6NF model. Users only need to pick the temporal perspectives suitable for their task. PERSPECTIVES current latest point-in-time difference natural
  • 127. change up to ? Do it table-like -- happening time insert into llPA_Painting ( PA_NAM_Painting_Name, PA_PDA_Painting_PaintDate ) values (Mona Lisa, 1503); -- changing time update llPA_hanging_MU_at ( set MU_ID = 43, PA_hanging_MU_at_ChangedAt = 1939 where PA_ID = 4711; -- recording time delete from llPA_Painting where PA_NAM_Painting_Name = Mona Lisa; insert into llPA_Painting ( PA_NAM_Painting_Name, PA_PDA_Painting_PaintDate ) values (Mona Lisa, 1506); -- latest changing latest positing select * from llPA_Painting; -- point-in-changing latest positing select * from plPA_Painting(1942); -- point-in-changing point-in-positing select * from ppPA_Painting(1942, 1942); A
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  • 143. change up to ? Who is already doing it? or how some have learnt to adapt to change Anchoranytime to the time of any TM
  • 144. change up to ? The insurance industry is doing it A customer lifetime value model is using concurrent- temporal modeling to store the input values for over 600 parameters, each estimated (changing time) for the next 50 years, and revised (positing time) yearly. Such a set is called a scenario (positor), and there are for example standard, best-case, and worst-case scenarios that can be used in the calculations.
  • 145. change up to ? The traders are doing it A trading system is looking back at every second of the last 15 minutes of trading, in order to predict the next 60 seconds (changing time) of trades with different probabilities (reliability). Statistical and genetic systems analyze the 60x60 predictions per minute over longer periods (time- traveling), and adjust the trading algorithm.
  • 146. change up to ? And why should You? or how to survive in an ever changing environment Anchoranytime to the time of any TM
  • 147. change up to ? Because change is everywhere The only constant is change. Heraclitus ~ 500 B.C.
  • 148. change up to ? Because change is accelerating 5,000,000,000 The earth forms 500,000,000 Vertebrates 50,000,000 Mammals 5,000,000 Primates 500,000 Humans 50,000 Great migrations 5,000 Civilizations 500 Printing press 50 Television 5 Mobile Internet
  • 149. change up to ? Because others get quicker and dirtier . O
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  • 155. change up to ? number of changes over time total cost of ownership implementation maintenance LA
  • 156. 油 F N L D
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  • 167. change up to ? Because it is well-founded Entity Relationship Modeling (1976 Chen) Bitemporal Databases (1992 Snodgrass) The Sixth Normal Form (2002 Date, Darwen, Lorentzos) Immutability, Temporal Independency, and Annexing (2009 R旦nnb辰ck, Regardt, Johannesson, Bergholtz, Wohed) F AG
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  • 175. change up to ? Because it is proven and active Research Group Professor Paul Johannesson, DSV M.Sc. Lars R旦nnb辰ck, Up To Change M.Sc. Olle Regardt, Teracom Ph.D. Maria Bergholtz, DSV Ph.D. Petia Wohed, DSV F AG
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  • 199. change up to ? Because of powerful tools DEMO
  • 200. change up to ? Anchor Modeling ... has a solid scientific formalization. is built on well known principles. is easy to learn. is hard to make mistakes with. fully supports agile development. shortens implementation time. lowers maintenance costs. preserves all previous versions of the database. increases the lifetime of the database. has Open Source tools. is free to use. -
  • 202. change up to ? Homepage: E-mail: Twitter: LinkedIn: Facebook: Wikipedia: MSDN: www.anchormodeling.com lars.ronnback@anchormodeling.com sales@uptochange.com anchormodeling Anchor Modeling Group Anchor Modeling Anchor Modeling Anchor Modeling Anchor TM