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The document defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives in English grammar. It discusses adjectives, their main role in qualifying nouns, and how they are one of the traditional eight parts of speech. It then defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives including: degrees of adjectives using comparative and superlative forms; possessive adjectives; demonstrative adjectives; interrogative adjectives; indefinite adjectives; and discusses the difference between using the adjective "good" versus the adverb "well".

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Adjectives
Ingrammar, anadjectiveis a word whose mainsyntacticrole is toqualifyanounornoun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.Adjectives are one of the traditional eightEnglishparts of speech, thoughlinguiststoday distinguish adjectives from words such asdeterminersthat were formerly considered to be adjectives. In this paragraph, "traditional" is an adjective, and in the preceding paragraph, "main" and "more" are.Most but not alllanguageshave adjectives. Those that do not typically use words of another part of speech, often verbs, to serve the samesemanticfunction; for example, such a language might have a verb that means "to be big", and would use a construction analogous to "big-being house" to express what English expresses as "big house". Even in languages that do have adjectives, one language's adjective might not be another's; for example, while English uses "to be hungry" (hungrybeing an adjective), Dutch and French use "hongerhebben" and "avoirfaim" respectively (literally "to have hunger",hungerbeing a noun), and where Hebrew uses the adjective "廡廡" (zaq笛q, roughly "in need of"), English uses the verb "to need".
In the following examples, thehighlightedwords are adjectives:Thetruck-shapedballoon floated over the treetops.Mrs. Morrison papered herkitchenwalls withhideouswall paper.Thesmallboat foundered on thewine darksea.Thecoalmines aredarkanddank.Manystores have already begun to playirritatingChristmasmusic.Abatteredmusicbox sat on themahoganysideboard.The back room was filled withlarge,yellowrain boots.
Degrees of AdjectivesAdjectives can express degrees of modification:Gladys is arichwoman, but Josie isricherthan Gladys, and Sadie is therichestwoman in town.The degrees of comparison are known as thepositive, thecomparative, and thesuperlative. (Actually, only the comparative and superlative show degrees.) We use the comparative for comparing two things and the superlative for comparing three or more things. Notice that the wordthanfrequently accompanies the comparative and the wordtheprecedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes-erand-estsuffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need-ierand-iestwhen a two-syllable adjective ends iny(happier and happiest); otherwise we usemoreandmostwhen an adjective has more than one syllable.
Possessive AdjectivesApossessive adjective("my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their") is similar or identical to apossessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or anoun phrase, as in the following sentences:I can't completemyassignment because I don't have the textbook.In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies "assignment" and the noun phrase "my assignment" functions as anobject. Note that the possessive pronoun form "mine" is not used to modify a noun or noun phrase.What isyourphone number.Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modify the noun phrase "phone number"; the entire noun phrase "your phone number" is asubject complement. Note that the possessive pronoun form "yours" is not used to modify a noun or a noun phrase.The bakery soldhisfavourite type of bread.In this example, the possessive adjective "his" modifies the noun phrase "favourite type of bread" and the entire noun phrase "his favourite type of bread" is thedirect objectof theverb"sold."After many years, she returned toherhomeland.
Demonstrative AdjectivesDemonstrative AdjectivesThedemonstrative adjectives"this," "these," "that," "those," and "what" are identical to thedemonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases, as in the following sentences:When the librarian tripped overthatcord, she dropped a pile of books.In this sentence, the demonstrative adjective "that" modifies the noun "cord" and the noun phrase "that cord" is the object of the preposition "over."Thisapartment needs to be fumigated.Here "this" modifies "apartment" and the noun phrase "this apartment" is thesubjectof the sentence.Even though my friend preferredthoseplates, I bought these.In thesubordinate clause, "those" modifies "plates" and the noun phrase "those plates" is the object of the verb "preferred." In theindependent clause, "these" is the direct object of the verb "bought."Note that the relationship between a demonstrative adjective and a demonstrative pronoun is similar to the relationship between a possessive adjective and a possessive pronoun, or to that between a interrogative adjective and aninterrogative pronoun.
Interrogative AdjectivesAninterrogative adjective("which" or "what") is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own (see also demonstrative adjectives and possessive adjectives):Whichplants should be watered twice a week?Like other adjectives, "which" can be used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In this example, "which" modifies "plants" and the noun phrase "which plants" is the subject of the compound verb "should be watered":Whatbook are you reading?In this sentence, "what" modifies "book" and the noun phrase "what book" is the direct object of the compound verb "are reading."
Indefinite AdjectivesAnindefinite adjectiveis similar to anindefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, as in the following sentences:Many people believe that corporations are under-taxed.The indefinite adjective "many" modifies the noun "people" and the noun phrase "many people" is the subject of the sentence.I will send you any mail that arrives after you have moved to Sudbury.The indefinite adjective "any" modifies the noun "mail" and the noun phrase "any mail" is the direct object of the compound verb "will send."They found a few goldfish floating belly up in the swan pound.
Some Adjectival Problem ChildrenGood versus WellIn both casual speech and formal writing, we frequently have to choose between the adjective good and the adverbwell. With most verbs, there is no contest: when modifying a verb, use the adverb. He swims well. He knows only too well who the murderer is. However, when using a linking verb or a verb that has to do with the five human senses, you want to use the adjective instead. How are you? I'm feeling good, thank you. After a bath, the baby smells so good. Even after my careful paint job, this room doesn't look good. Many careful writers, however, will use well after linking verbs relating to health, and this is perfectly all right. In fact, to say that you are good or that you feel good usually implies not only that you're OK physically but also that your spirits are high. "How are you?" "I am well, thank you."
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  • 2. Ingrammar, anadjectiveis a word whose mainsyntacticrole is toqualifyanounornoun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.Adjectives are one of the traditional eightEnglishparts of speech, thoughlinguiststoday distinguish adjectives from words such asdeterminersthat were formerly considered to be adjectives. In this paragraph, "traditional" is an adjective, and in the preceding paragraph, "main" and "more" are.Most but not alllanguageshave adjectives. Those that do not typically use words of another part of speech, often verbs, to serve the samesemanticfunction; for example, such a language might have a verb that means "to be big", and would use a construction analogous to "big-being house" to express what English expresses as "big house". Even in languages that do have adjectives, one language's adjective might not be another's; for example, while English uses "to be hungry" (hungrybeing an adjective), Dutch and French use "hongerhebben" and "avoirfaim" respectively (literally "to have hunger",hungerbeing a noun), and where Hebrew uses the adjective "廡廡" (zaq笛q, roughly "in need of"), English uses the verb "to need".
  • 3. In the following examples, thehighlightedwords are adjectives:Thetruck-shapedballoon floated over the treetops.Mrs. Morrison papered herkitchenwalls withhideouswall paper.Thesmallboat foundered on thewine darksea.Thecoalmines aredarkanddank.Manystores have already begun to playirritatingChristmasmusic.Abatteredmusicbox sat on themahoganysideboard.The back room was filled withlarge,yellowrain boots.
  • 4. Degrees of AdjectivesAdjectives can express degrees of modification:Gladys is arichwoman, but Josie isricherthan Gladys, and Sadie is therichestwoman in town.The degrees of comparison are known as thepositive, thecomparative, and thesuperlative. (Actually, only the comparative and superlative show degrees.) We use the comparative for comparing two things and the superlative for comparing three or more things. Notice that the wordthanfrequently accompanies the comparative and the wordtheprecedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes-erand-estsuffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need-ierand-iestwhen a two-syllable adjective ends iny(happier and happiest); otherwise we usemoreandmostwhen an adjective has more than one syllable.
  • 5. Possessive AdjectivesApossessive adjective("my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their") is similar or identical to apossessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or anoun phrase, as in the following sentences:I can't completemyassignment because I don't have the textbook.In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies "assignment" and the noun phrase "my assignment" functions as anobject. Note that the possessive pronoun form "mine" is not used to modify a noun or noun phrase.What isyourphone number.Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modify the noun phrase "phone number"; the entire noun phrase "your phone number" is asubject complement. Note that the possessive pronoun form "yours" is not used to modify a noun or a noun phrase.The bakery soldhisfavourite type of bread.In this example, the possessive adjective "his" modifies the noun phrase "favourite type of bread" and the entire noun phrase "his favourite type of bread" is thedirect objectof theverb"sold."After many years, she returned toherhomeland.
  • 6. Demonstrative AdjectivesDemonstrative AdjectivesThedemonstrative adjectives"this," "these," "that," "those," and "what" are identical to thedemonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases, as in the following sentences:When the librarian tripped overthatcord, she dropped a pile of books.In this sentence, the demonstrative adjective "that" modifies the noun "cord" and the noun phrase "that cord" is the object of the preposition "over."Thisapartment needs to be fumigated.Here "this" modifies "apartment" and the noun phrase "this apartment" is thesubjectof the sentence.Even though my friend preferredthoseplates, I bought these.In thesubordinate clause, "those" modifies "plates" and the noun phrase "those plates" is the object of the verb "preferred." In theindependent clause, "these" is the direct object of the verb "bought."Note that the relationship between a demonstrative adjective and a demonstrative pronoun is similar to the relationship between a possessive adjective and a possessive pronoun, or to that between a interrogative adjective and aninterrogative pronoun.
  • 7. Interrogative AdjectivesAninterrogative adjective("which" or "what") is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own (see also demonstrative adjectives and possessive adjectives):Whichplants should be watered twice a week?Like other adjectives, "which" can be used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In this example, "which" modifies "plants" and the noun phrase "which plants" is the subject of the compound verb "should be watered":Whatbook are you reading?In this sentence, "what" modifies "book" and the noun phrase "what book" is the direct object of the compound verb "are reading."
  • 8. Indefinite AdjectivesAnindefinite adjectiveis similar to anindefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, as in the following sentences:Many people believe that corporations are under-taxed.The indefinite adjective "many" modifies the noun "people" and the noun phrase "many people" is the subject of the sentence.I will send you any mail that arrives after you have moved to Sudbury.The indefinite adjective "any" modifies the noun "mail" and the noun phrase "any mail" is the direct object of the compound verb "will send."They found a few goldfish floating belly up in the swan pound.
  • 9. Some Adjectival Problem ChildrenGood versus WellIn both casual speech and formal writing, we frequently have to choose between the adjective good and the adverbwell. With most verbs, there is no contest: when modifying a verb, use the adverb. He swims well. He knows only too well who the murderer is. However, when using a linking verb or a verb that has to do with the five human senses, you want to use the adjective instead. How are you? I'm feeling good, thank you. After a bath, the baby smells so good. Even after my careful paint job, this room doesn't look good. Many careful writers, however, will use well after linking verbs relating to health, and this is perfectly all right. In fact, to say that you are good or that you feel good usually implies not only that you're OK physically but also that your spirits are high. "How are you?" "I am well, thank you."