According to Wiener's metaphysical view, the universe is made up of matter-energy and information that is continuously mixing. Everything in the world, including human beings, exists as a combination of these and can be thought of as "information objects". Wiener believed that thinking is a form of information processing. He also adopted three "Great Principles of Justice" to describe how human beings can flourish through freedom, equality, and goodwill between individuals.
(1) The study examines arrhythmogenic coupling between the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and IP3 receptor in rat pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes.
(2) Application of the 留1 stimulant norepinephrine activates Ca2+ release via the IP3 receptor, which increases intracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ then activates the co-localized Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, producing transient depolarizations.
(3) 硫1-adrenergic action of norepinephrine reinforces Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, resulting in Ca2+ overload. Accumulated Ca2+ is subsequently released again via the IP3 receptor in a positive feedback loop.
This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as network-based computing that takes place over the Internet, providing hardware, software, and networking services to clients. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand services that are available anywhere and anytime, elastic scaling, and pay-as-you-go pricing. The document discusses different cloud service models including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It also covers advantages such as lower costs, improved performance and collaboration, and unlimited storage, as well as disadvantages like reliance on internet connectivity and potential security and data loss issues.
This document discusses T helper 17 cells and their role in autoimmune diseases. It contains 3 figures: Figure 1 shows T cells and macrophages entering the central nervous system in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, Figure 2 outlines the cytokines required for generating TH17 cells, and Figure 3 depicts the reciprocal expression of Foxp3 and IL-17 during T cell differentiation. The document also briefly mentions several autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease, and potential molecular targeted therapies for these conditions including antibodies against TNF-留, IL-6, and possibly IL-17 in the future.
AVL Trees
Adelson-Velskii and Landis
Binary Search Tree - Best Time
All BST operations are O(d), where d is tree depth
minimum d is for a binary tree with N nodes
What is the best case tree?
What is the worst case tree?
So, best case running time of BST operations is O(log N)
Binary Search Tree - Worst Time
Worst case running time is O(N)
What happens when you Insert elements in ascending order?
Insert: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 into an empty BST
Problem: Lack of balance:
compare depths of left and right subtree
Unbalanced degenerate tree
Balanced and unbalanced BST
Approaches to balancing trees
Don't balance
May end up with some nodes very deep
Strict balance
The tree must always be balanced perfectly
Pretty good balance
Only allow a little out of balance
Adjust on access
Self-adjusting
Balancing Binary Search Trees
Many algorithms exist for keeping binary search trees balanced
Adelson-Velskii and Landis (AVL) trees (height-balanced trees)
Splay trees and other self-adjusting trees
B-trees and other multiway search trees
Perfect Balance
Want a complete tree after every operation
tree is full except possibly in the lower right
This is expensive
For example, insert 2 in the tree on the left and then rebuild as a complete tree
AVL - Good but not Perfect Balance
AVL trees are height-balanced binary search trees
Balance factor of a node
height(left subtree) - height(right subtree)
An AVL tree has balance factor calculated at every node
For every node, heights of left and right subtree can differ by no more than 1
Store current heights in each node
Height of an AVL Tree
N(h) = minimum number of nodes in an AVL tree of height h.
Basis
N(0) = 1, N(1) = 2
Induction
N(h) = N(h-1) + N(h-2) + 1
Solution (recall Fibonacci analysis)
N(h) > h ( 1.62)
Height of an AVL Tree
N(h) > h ( 1.62)
Suppose we have n nodes in an AVL tree of height h.
n > N(h) (because N(h) was the minimum)
n > h hence log n > h (relatively well balanced tree!!)
h < 1.44 log2n (i.e., Find takes O(logn))
Node Heights
Node Heights after Insert 7
Insert and Rotation in AVL Trees
Insert operation may cause balance factor to become 2 or 2 for some node
only nodes on the path from insertion point to root node have possibly changed in height
So after the Insert, go back up to the root node by node, updating heights
If a new balance factor is 2 or 2, adjust tree by rotation around the node
Single Rotation in an AVL Tree
Implementation
Single Rotation
Double Rotation
Implement Double Rotation in two lines.
Insertion in AVL Trees
Insert at the leaf (as for all BST)
only nodes on the path from insertion point to root node have possibly changed in height
So after the Insert, go back up to the root node by node, updating heights
If a new balance factor is 2 or 2, adjust tree by rotation around the node
Insert in BST
Insert in AVL trees
Example of Insertions in an A
This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing as network-based computing that takes place over the Internet, providing hardware, software, and networking services to clients. Key characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand services that are available anywhere and anytime, elastic scaling, and pay-as-you-go pricing. The document discusses different cloud service models including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It also covers advantages such as lower costs, improved performance and collaboration, and unlimited storage, as well as disadvantages like reliance on internet connectivity and potential security and data loss issues.
This document discusses T helper 17 cells and their role in autoimmune diseases. It contains 3 figures: Figure 1 shows T cells and macrophages entering the central nervous system in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, Figure 2 outlines the cytokines required for generating TH17 cells, and Figure 3 depicts the reciprocal expression of Foxp3 and IL-17 during T cell differentiation. The document also briefly mentions several autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease, and potential molecular targeted therapies for these conditions including antibodies against TNF-留, IL-6, and possibly IL-17 in the future.
AVL Trees
Adelson-Velskii and Landis
Binary Search Tree - Best Time
All BST operations are O(d), where d is tree depth
minimum d is for a binary tree with N nodes
What is the best case tree?
What is the worst case tree?
So, best case running time of BST operations is O(log N)
Binary Search Tree - Worst Time
Worst case running time is O(N)
What happens when you Insert elements in ascending order?
Insert: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 into an empty BST
Problem: Lack of balance:
compare depths of left and right subtree
Unbalanced degenerate tree
Balanced and unbalanced BST
Approaches to balancing trees
Don't balance
May end up with some nodes very deep
Strict balance
The tree must always be balanced perfectly
Pretty good balance
Only allow a little out of balance
Adjust on access
Self-adjusting
Balancing Binary Search Trees
Many algorithms exist for keeping binary search trees balanced
Adelson-Velskii and Landis (AVL) trees (height-balanced trees)
Splay trees and other self-adjusting trees
B-trees and other multiway search trees
Perfect Balance
Want a complete tree after every operation
tree is full except possibly in the lower right
This is expensive
For example, insert 2 in the tree on the left and then rebuild as a complete tree
AVL - Good but not Perfect Balance
AVL trees are height-balanced binary search trees
Balance factor of a node
height(left subtree) - height(right subtree)
An AVL tree has balance factor calculated at every node
For every node, heights of left and right subtree can differ by no more than 1
Store current heights in each node
Height of an AVL Tree
N(h) = minimum number of nodes in an AVL tree of height h.
Basis
N(0) = 1, N(1) = 2
Induction
N(h) = N(h-1) + N(h-2) + 1
Solution (recall Fibonacci analysis)
N(h) > h ( 1.62)
Height of an AVL Tree
N(h) > h ( 1.62)
Suppose we have n nodes in an AVL tree of height h.
n > N(h) (because N(h) was the minimum)
n > h hence log n > h (relatively well balanced tree!!)
h < 1.44 log2n (i.e., Find takes O(logn))
Node Heights
Node Heights after Insert 7
Insert and Rotation in AVL Trees
Insert operation may cause balance factor to become 2 or 2 for some node
only nodes on the path from insertion point to root node have possibly changed in height
So after the Insert, go back up to the root node by node, updating heights
If a new balance factor is 2 or 2, adjust tree by rotation around the node
Single Rotation in an AVL Tree
Implementation
Single Rotation
Double Rotation
Implement Double Rotation in two lines.
Insertion in AVL Trees
Insert at the leaf (as for all BST)
only nodes on the path from insertion point to root node have possibly changed in height
So after the Insert, go back up to the root node by node, updating heights
If a new balance factor is 2 or 2, adjust tree by rotation around the node
Insert in BST
Insert in AVL trees
Example of Insertions in an A
This document provides an introduction and overview of cloud computing and related topics. It discusses web-scale problems involving large amounts of data, the use of large data centers to process this data in parallel, and different models for cloud computing including utility computing, platform as a service, and software as a service. It also covers challenges in parallel and distributed processing like assigning work units across workers and managing shared resources and synchronization.
Thus cloud computing provides super-computing power by connecting hundreds or thousands of computers together in a cloud. This cloud of computers extends beyond a single company or enterprise, making the applications and data accessible to a broad group of users across different companies and platforms. Users can access documents, software programs, and other data from any Internet-connected computer rather than just their own personal computer.
1. 4/30/2010
QU N TR M NG
WINDOWS SERVER 2003
Bi 7
T O V QU N L TH働
M C DNG CHUNG
T o c叩c th動 m c d湛ng chung
Chia s th動 m c d湛ng chung
S d ng ti kho n thu c nh坦m Administrators
ho c nh坦m Server Operators.
Click chu t ph i l棚n th動
m c v ch n Properties >
ch n Tab Sharing
1
2. 4/30/2010
Chia s th動 m c d湛ng chung
ngh挑a c a c叩c m c trong tab Sharing
M c M担 t
Do not share this folder Ch nh th動 m c ny ch 動 c ph辿p truy c p c c b
Share this folder Ch nh th動 m c ny 動 c ph辿p truy c p c c b v
truy c p qua m ng
Share name T棚n th動 m c m ng動 i d湛ng m ng nh狸n th y v truy
c p
Comment Cho ph辿p ng動 i d湛ng m担 t th棚m th担ng tin v th動
m c d湛ng chung ny
User Limit Cho ph辿p b n khai b叩o s k t n i t i a truy xu t vo
th動 m c t i m t th i i m
Permissions Cho ph辿p b n thi t l p danh s叩ch quy n truy c p
th担ng qua m ng c a ng動 i d湛ng
Offline Settings Cho ph辿p th動 m c 動 c l動u tr t m ti li u khi lm
vi c d動 i ch Offline.
T o c叩c th動 m c d湛ng chung
C u h狸nh Share Permission
D湛ng c p quy n truy xu t ti nguy棚n chia
s qua m ng (kh担ng c坦 t叩c d ng khi truy c p
c c b ).
C叩c quy n chia s Share Permission
Full Control: cho ph辿p ng動 i d湛ng c坦 ton quy n
tr棚n th動 m c chia s .
Change: cho ph辿p ng動 i d湛ng thay i d li u tr棚n
t p tin v x坦a t p tin trong th動 m c chia s .
Read: cho ph辿p ng動 i d湛ng xem v thi hnh c叩c
t p tin trong th動 m c chia s .
Mu n c p quy n cho ng動 i no th狸 ch c n nh p
chu t vo n炭t add
2
3. 4/30/2010
T o c叩c th動 m c d湛ng chung
C u h狸nh Share Permission
T o c叩c th動 m c d湛ng chung
C u h狸nh Share
Share n th棚m d u $ vo ngay sau m c Share
Name
VD: M叩y t担i c坦 IP l 192.168.1.3 v th動 m c Share
c坦 t棚n l dulieu$ Khi 坦 t担i truy c p t m叩y kh叩c
vo ph i nh p l 192.168.1.3dulieu$ th狸 m i vo
動 c
C坦 th 叩nh x 挑a i v i c叩c th動 m c Share
th動 ng xuy棚n truy c p b ng c叩ch nh p ph i vo th動
m c c n Share c n 叩nh x v ch n Map Network
Drive
3
4. 4/30/2010
T o c叩c th動 m c d湛ng chung
C u h狸nh Share
Map Network Drive
Qu n l箪 th動 m c d湛ng chung
Xem c叩c th動 m c d湛ng chung
S d ng
c担ng c
Computer
Management
Ch n m c
Shared
Folder
4
5. 4/30/2010
Qu n l箪 th動 m c d湛ng chung
Xem c叩c phi棚n lm vi c tr棚n th動 m c d湛ng
chung
Qu n l箪 th動 m c d湛ng chung
Xem c叩c t p tin ang m trong th動 m c
d湛ng chung
5
6. 4/30/2010
Quy n truy c p NTFS
C叩c quy n truy c p NTFS
Quy n NTFS ch c坦 th 動 c c p tr棚n volume ho c
partition 動 c nh d ng l NTFS.
Quy n truy c p NTFS cung c p kh nng b o m t cao
h董n so v i FAT v FAT32, v狸 ch炭ng 叩p d ng cho th動 m c
v cho t ng t p tin c叩 th .
Quy n truy c p t p tin NTFS 叩p d ng cho c nh ng
ng 董i lm vi c t i m叩y t鱈nh l動u tr d li u, l n ng動 i
d湛ng truy c p th動 m c ho c t p tin qua m ng b ng c叩ch
k t n i t i th動 m c d湛ng chung.
Ch炭 箪: Khi m t volume 動 c nh d ng NTFS th狸
Permission m c nh c a Volume 坦 s l group
Everyone v c坦 quy n Full Control.
Quy n truy c p NTFS
C叩ch c p quy n NTFS
ph但n quy n tr棚n file ho c folder. Ch n file ho c
folder 坦 -> Click ph i, ch n Properties -> Ch n tab
Security
i v i Windows XP hi n th tab Security trong
Properties c a file ho c folder:
Windows Explorer >Tools > Folder Options > Ch n tab
View > Click b ch n t湛y ch n Use simple file sharing
(Recommended)
6
7. 4/30/2010
Quy n truy c p NTFS
C叩ch c p quy n
NTFS
T i m c Group or User
names: Ch a ng動 i d湛ng
v nh坦m 動 c c p quy n
T i m c Permission: L
c叩c quy n c坦 th c p cho
ng動 i d湛ng ho c nh坦m
T動董ng ng v i c叩c quy n
l 2 c t Allow l cho ph辿p
v Deny l c m
Ngoi ra c p quy n
truy c p c bi t nh p n炭t
Advanced
Quy n truy c p NTFS
C叩c quy n truy c p NTFS
T棚n quy n Ch c nng
Traverse Duy t c叩c th動 m c v thi hnh c叩c t p tin ch動董ng
Folder/Execute File tr狸nh trong th動 m c
List Folder/Read Data Li t k棚 n i dung c a th動 m c v cd li u c a c叩c
t p tin trong th動 m c
Read Attributes c c叩c thu c t鱈nh c a c叩c t p tin v th動 m c
Read Extended c c叩c thu c t鱈nh m r ng c a c叩c t p tin v th動
Attributes m c
Create File/Write Data T o c叩c t p tin m i v ghi d li u l棚n c叩c t p tin ny
Create Folder/Append T o th動 m c m i v ch竪n th棚m d li u vo c叩c t p
Data tin
Write Attributes Thay i thu c t鱈nh c a c叩c t p tin v th動 m c.
Write Extendd Thay i thu c t鱈nh m r ng c a c叩c t p tin v th動
Attributes m c
7
8. 4/30/2010
Quy n truy c p NTFS
C叩c quy n truy c p NTFS (ti p theo)
T棚n quy n Ch c nng
Delete Subfolders and Files X坦a th動 m c con v c叩c t p tin
Delete X坦a c叩c t p tin
Read Permissions c c叩c quy n tr棚n c叩c t p tin v th動 m c
Change Permissions Thay i quy n tr棚n c叩c t p tin v th動 m c
Take Ownership T動 c quy n s h u c a c叩c t p tin v th動 m c
Quy n truy c p NTFS
K t h p Share v
NTFS
V i Share gi nguy棚n
default Full Control g叩n
cho nh坦m Everyone
Sau 坦 c p quy n truy c p
NTFS cho ti kho n ng動 i
d湛ng ho c ti kho n Group
c th truy c p th動 m c
v t p tin ch a trong h
th ng ph但n t ng c a
forlder share Permiss.
8
9. 4/30/2010
Quy n truy c p NTFS
K t h p Share v NTFS
Khi k t h p quy n truy c p NTFS v i quy n truy c p
share th狸 c p truy c p gi i h n nh t lu担n l c p
hi u l c.
V鱈 d : N u 動 c c p quy n truy c p v i m c Full
Control cho 1 forlder, ng th i l i 動 c c p quy n
truy c p NTFS c p Read cho c湛ng th動 m c 坦, th狸
m c hi u l c s l Read v狸 但y l c p gi i h n
nh t.
Quy n truy c p NTFS
G叩n quy n truy c p NTFS tr棚n th動 m c
d湛ng chung.
K th a v thay th quy n c a i t動 ng
con.
Thay i quy n khi di chuy n th動 m c v
t p tin
Gi叩m s叩t ng動 i d湛ng truy c p th動 m c.
Thay i ng動 i s h u th動 m c
9
10. 4/30/2010
Quy n truy c p NTFS
Thay i quy n khi di chuy n th動 m c v
t p tin
Copy v move folder ho c file th狸 c叩c quy n
tr棚n c叩c b n copy, move c a folder ho c file
坦 nh動 sau:
Trong c湛ng 1 partition Trong 2 partition kh叩c n 1 partition
d湛ng NTFS nhau u d湛ng NTFS kh担ng d湛ng NTFS
Copy Mang quy n c a folder Mang quy n c a M t quy n NTFS
鱈ch ch a n坦 folder 鱈ch ch a n坦
Move Mang c叩c quy n nh動 Mang c叩c quy n c a M t quy n NTFS
partition ngu n partition 鱈ch
10