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BASAL GANGLIA.pptx

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The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei including the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and ventral tegmental area. The corpus striatum contains the striatum, globus pallidus, and ventral pallidum. The basal ganglia are responsible for automatic motor control and learned movements. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia leads to movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and hemiballism. Animal models help confirm the role of basal ganglia in these conditions.

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BASAL GANGLIA DR TANAYA BARUAH
ANATOMY Basal ganglia include 1. Corpus striatum 2. Substantia nigra ( pars compacta and pars reticularis) 3. Subthalamic nucleus of Luys 4. Ventral tegmental area. The corpus striatum comprises the 1. Striatum proper (or neostriatum) Putamen Caudate nucleus nucleus accumbens 2. Globus pallidus (or paleostriatum) medial or internal (Gpi) lateral or external (Gpe) 3. ventral pallidum, with its internal and external portions.
BASAL GANGLIA.pptx
Basal ganglia are responsible for automatic execution of learned motor plans movements that have been laid down by practice and that are subconscious.
Parkinson disease (PD) to deficient dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum consequent to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) Choreic movements in Huntington disease (HD) are linked to the death of medium spiny neurons in the caudate and putamen. Hemiballism (HB) is typically associated with structural lesions in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) or its afferent or efferent connections
Animal models 1. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD 2. Excitotoxic and transgenic models of HD 3. STN lesion model of HB confirm the central role of disordered basal ganglia function in these conditions
References : 1. Bradley 8th ed 2. Dejong 8th ed chptr 26 3. Bd chaurasia

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BASAL GANGLIA.pptx

  • 2. ANATOMY Basal ganglia include 1. Corpus striatum 2. Substantia nigra ( pars compacta and pars reticularis) 3. Subthalamic nucleus of Luys 4. Ventral tegmental area. The corpus striatum comprises the 1. Striatum proper (or neostriatum) Putamen Caudate nucleus nucleus accumbens 2. Globus pallidus (or paleostriatum) medial or internal (Gpi) lateral or external (Gpe) 3. ventral pallidum, with its internal and external portions.
  • 4. Basal ganglia are responsible for automatic execution of learned motor plans movements that have been laid down by practice and that are subconscious.
  • 5. Parkinson disease (PD) to deficient dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum consequent to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) Choreic movements in Huntington disease (HD) are linked to the death of medium spiny neurons in the caudate and putamen. Hemiballism (HB) is typically associated with structural lesions in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) or its afferent or efferent connections
  • 6. Animal models 1. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD 2. Excitotoxic and transgenic models of HD 3. STN lesion model of HB confirm the central role of disordered basal ganglia function in these conditions
  • 7. References : 1. Bradley 8th ed 2. Dejong 8th ed chptr 26 3. Bd chaurasia