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basic phonics rules for students.9.4.24.docx
- 1. Trong ti畉ng Anh c滴ng v畉y. C坦 t畉t c畉 46 sounds trong ti畉ng Anh v 動畛c ph但n lo畉i nh動 sau: * Nguy棚n 但m: a, e, i, o, u. 動畛c chia lm 2 lo畉i nguy棚n 但m di v nguy棚n 但m ng畉n v ph叩t 但m kh叩c nhau nh動 sau: - Nguy棚n 但m ng畉n: + Short a: /脱/ Vd: apple + Short e: /e/ Vd: elephant + Short i: /i/ Vd: igloo + Short o: /o/ VD: octopus + Short u: /扁/ VD: umbrella, push - Nguy棚n 但m di v c叩c nguy棚n 但m 担i: + Long a: /ei/ a :acorn ai : rain, drain a-e : date, plate ay : day, play, stay + Long e: /i/ e : ear ee : seed, bleed, street ea : seat, read + Long i: /ai/ i : ice- cream ie : pie, tie, die i-e : pipe, line igh : high, night y : my, cry + Long o : /o/ o : ocean oa : boat, goat, coat o-e : bone, close, smoke ow : snow, slow + Long u: /ju:/ u : uniform ue : Tuesday, due, cue u-e : cube, tube ew : few, new - C叩c nguy棚n 但m 担i kh叩c:
- 2. + Short oo: cook, book (畛c h董i lai gi畛a u v 董 m畛t ch炭t) + Long oo: moon, spoon (畛c thnh u) + The ar sounds: ar : car + The er sounds: er : tiger, teacher ur : turn, burn ir : bird, shirt + The or sounds: or: fork, port au : august, pause aw: law, straw al: tall, walk + The oi sounds: oi: oil, coin oy: joy, boy + The ou sounds: ou: cloud, shout ow: clown, cow. * Ph畛 但m: - Ph畛 但m 董n: + B, D, H, P, S, T, V: 畛c g畉n gi畛ng ti畉ng Vi畛t nh動ng ko 畛c r探 但m 董 + C: soft C: /s亰:/ VD: circus ; hard C: /k/ VD: cat. + F: ph叩t 但m gi畛ng ph ti畉ng Vi畛t nh動ng kh担ng 畛c ph畉n "董" + G: ph叩t 但m /g/ VD: girl ho畉c /d:/ nh動 giraffe. + J: /d:/ VD: jump + K: /k/ VD: kitten + L, N 畛c cong l動畛i, ph叩t 但m trong h畛ng, l動畛i kh担ng r畛i hm tr棚n v kh担ng 畛c thnh "l畛","n畛" VD: Leg, nose + M ph叩t 但m l炭c hai m担i v畉n kh辿p, kh担ng 畛c thnh "m畛". VD: mouth + Qu: /kw/ 畛c gi畛ng qu trong ti畉ng Vi畛t. VD: question + R: /r/ VD: rabbit + W: /w/ 畛c gi畛ng gu VD: water
- 3. + X: /ks/ VD: box + Y: // gi畛ng nh動 trong t畛 "yes". + Z: /z/ VD: zebra. (N坦i chung c叩c m畉 mua c叩i 挑a ABC cu畉 b畛 挑a Brainy Baby l c坦 h畉t c叩c sounds. Sau 坦 ch畛 vi畛c h畛c cung con th担i.) - Ph畛 但m k辿p: g畛m 2 lo畉i diagraph v blend. + Digraph /daigraf/: 2 ph畛 但m 畛ng c畉nh nhau v t畉o thnh 1 但m (gi畛ng nh動 ch畛 ch, th... trong ti畉ng Vi畛t). Digraph sounds g畛m c坦: - Voiced Th: /丹/ : the, this - Unvoiced th: /慮/ thin, thick - Sh: // VD: ship - Ch:/t/ VD: chicken - Wh: /w/ VD: what - Ph: VD: alphabet + Blend sounds: - Initial blend sounds: bl cl fl gl pl sl br cr dr fr gr pr tr st sc sm sn tw shr thr scr spr str - Ending blend sounds: lb, ld, lf, lk, lm, ln, lp, lt, ct, ft, nt, pt, xt, mp, n Vowels Phoneme IPA Symbol Graphemes Examples 25 脱 a, ai, au cat, plaid, laugh 26 e肘 a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, a_e, ea, ey bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge, mate, break, they 27 e e, ea, u, ie, ai, a, eo, ei, ae end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer, aesthetic 28 i: e, ee, ea, y, ey, oe, ie, i, ei, be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix,
- 4. Phoneme IPA Symbol Graphemes Examples eo, ay grief, ski, deceive, people, quay 29 肘 i, e, o, u, ui, y, ie it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve 30 a肘 i, y, igh, ie, uy, ye, ai, is, eigh, i_e spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite 31 a, ho, au, aw, ough swan, honest, maul, slaw, fought 32 o o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ough, eau, oo, ew open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew 33 o, oo, u,ou wolf, look, bush, would 34 u, o, oo, ou lug, monkey, blood, double 35 u: o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, oew, ou who, loon, dew, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit, manoeuvre, group 36 肘 oi, oy, uoy join, boy, buoy 37 a ow, ou, ough now, shout, bough 38 a, er, i, ar, our, ur about, ladder, pencil, dollar, honour, augur 39 e奮 air, are, ear, ere, eir, ayer chair, dare, pear, where, their, prayer 40 : a arm 41 :奮 ir, er, ur, ear, or, our, yr bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle 42 : aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, ar, ough, au paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war, bought, sauce
- 5. Phoneme IPA Symbol Graphemes Examples 43 肘奮 ear, eer, ere, ier ear, steer, here, tier 44 奮 ure, our cure, tourist
- 6. Consonants Phoneme IPA Symbol Graphemes /鼻r脱f.im/ Examples Voiced? 1 b b, bb bug, bubble Yes 2 d d, dd, ed dad, add, milled Yes 3 f f, ff, ph, gh, lf, ft fat, cliff, phone, enough, half, often No 4 g g, gg, gh,gu,gue gun, egg, ghost, guest, prologue Yes 5 h h, wh hop, who No 6 d j, ge, g, dge, di, gg jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate Yes 7 k k, c, ch, cc, lk, qu ,q(u), ck, x kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box No 8 l l, ll live, well Yes 9 m m, mm, mb, mn, lm man, summer, comb, column, palm Yes 10 n n, nn,kn, gn, pn, mn net, funny, know, gnat, pneumonic, mnemonic Yes 11 p p, pp pin, dippy No 12 r r, rr, wr, rh run, carrot, wrench, rhyme Yes 13 s s, ss, c, sc, ps, st, ce, se sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course No 14 t t, tt, th, ed tip, matter, thomas, ripped No 15 v v, f, ph, ve vine, of, stephen, five Yes 16 w w, wh, u, o wit, why, quick, choir Yes 17 z z, zz, s, ss, x, ze, se zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze Yes
- 7. Phoneme IPA Symbol Graphemes /鼻r脱f.im/ Examples Voiced? 18 s, si, z treasure, division, azure Yes 19 t ch, tch, tu, te chip, watch, future, righteous No 20 sh, ce, s, ci, si, ch, sci, ti sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience, station No 21 慮 th thongs No 22 丹 th leather Yes 23 ng, n, ngue ring, pink, tongue Yes `24 j y, i, j you, onion, hallelujah Yes Tr動畛c ti棚n, ch炭ng ta lm r探 v畛 2 kh叩i ni畛m Phonemes /f.nim/ (董n v畛 nh畛 nh畉t c畛a ph叩t 但m) v Graphemes /鼻r脱f.im/ (董n v畛 nh畛 nh畉t c畛a vi畉t) Phonemes l 董n 但m ho畉c t畛 h畛p 但m. V畛i t畛 boat (con thuy畛n) c坦 t畛ng c畛ng 4 ch畛 c叩i, nh動ng trong c叩ch ph叩t 但m l畉i bao g畛m 3 Phonemes g畛m: /b/, //, v /t/. C嘆n Graphemes l m畛t ch畛 c叩i ho畉c t畛 h畛p c叩c ch畛 c叩i 畉i di畛n cho m畛t 但m. T動董ng t畛 v畛i t畛 boat, 3 Graphemes l畉n l動畛t s畉 l b, oa v t.